Validation of the Brazilian Oral Health Literacy-Adults Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Recognizing that a deficit of reading and numeracy skills is associated with poorer oral health, contemporary researchers have identified additional components as important attributes of oral health literacy (OHL). So, the use of comprehensive functional OHL tools is crucial. The Oral Health Literacy-Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) evaluates reading comprehension, numeracy, listening and decision-making skills. OBJECTIVE: Describe the validation process of the OHL-AQ Brazilian version (BOHL-AQ). METHODS: The cross-culturally adapted version, BOHL-AQ, was applied to 180 employees age 18 to 71 years (mean = 37.2; standard deviation [SD] = 11.7) from a private university located in the Southeast of Brazil. Psychometric properties were evaluated through the analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), reproducibility (test-retest), convergent validity (BREALD-30; education level), discriminant validity (family income; dental services), predictive validity (self-perception; literacy questions) and construct validity (Exploratory Factor Analysis). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) evaluated the dimensionality of the BOHL-AQ, with Promax method for rotation. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software and the Mplus program. KEY RESULTS: BOHL-AQ mean score = 11.84 (SD = 3.1); administration mean time = 8 minutes (SD = 1.6); good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.73) and excellent reproducibility (kappa = 0.89; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97). Preliminary tests showed that data were suitable for PCA (Kayser-Meyer-Olkin measure = 0.75; Barlett's Test of Sphericity significant [p < .001]). CFA showed that the instrument had a four-factor solution with excellent model fit estimates (χ2 = 636.587154.16, p value = .00117, Comparative Fit Index = 0.9787, Tucker Lewis index = 0.97, and Root Mean Square Error of the Approximation = 0.03). BOHL-AQ high scores significantly correlated to high education level, dental visit within the last year and for preventive reason, more independence and self-confidence on reading and filling out health forms, and better oral health self-perception (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The BOHL-AQ showed to be a fast and reliable instrument to assess a comprehensive functional OHL at Brazilian community and clinical settings. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2022;6(3):e224-e231.] Plain Language Summary: Recognizing the need of advancing knowledge related to OHL, this study aimed to describe the validation process of the BOHL-AQ. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties evaluation presented satisfactory results. The BOHL-AQ proved to be a fast and valid instrument to measure comprehensive functional OHL in the Brazilian context.

Qualidade de vida de crianças pré-escolares e sua relação com a cárie dentária e fatores sociodemográficos / Quality of life of preschool children and their relationship with dental caries and sociodemographic factors / Calidad de vida de los niños de preescolar y su relación con caries dentales y factores sociodemográficos

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre cárie dentária, fatores socioeconômicos e a qualidade de vida de pré-escolares. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 215 crianças da cidade de Patos-PB. A prevalência da cárie dentária foi avaliada pelo índice ceo-d e os questionários Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) e o Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI) avaliaram o impacto da cárie na qualidade de vida das crianças. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste do Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se prevalência de cárie em 65,1% da amostra com média de ceo-d = 3,53, com 92,6% do componente cariado. A cárie dentária apresentou relação significante com alguns fatores socioeconômico (p<0,05) e o impacto na qualidade de vida das crianças foi observado (p=0,001). Alguns quesitos específicos do AUQEI apresentaram relação com a cárie dentária: "à noite, ao dormir" (p=0,01), "quando pratica esporte"(p=0,047), "quando brinca sozinho"(p=0,049) e "quando os amigos falam de você"(p=0,044). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a cárie dentária influenciou negativamente na qualidade de vida das crianças e o conhecimento desses dados possibilita adequação e reorientação dos cuidados direcionados à melhoria das condições de saúde e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the association between dental caries, socioeconomic conditions and life quality in preschoolers. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 215 children of Patos city (PB). The prevalence of dental caries was evaluated using the DMFT index and the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) questionnaires and the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI) assessed the impact of caries on children's quality of life. The data were submitted to the Chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: It was found a prevalence of 65.1% of caries and 3.53 of DMFT, with 92.6% of decayed teeth. The impact of dental caries on the quality of life of children examined was observed (p=0,001). The individual assessment of the questions of the AUQEI has shown statistically significant relationship in the following items: "at night, at bedtime" (p = 0, 01) "when practicing sport" (p = 0.047), "when playing alone" (p = 0.049) and"when friends talk about you" (p = 0.044). Conclusion: It was concluded that dental caries negatively influenced the quality of life of children, knowledge of these data enables adjustment and reorientation of care aimed at improving the health and consequently the child's life quality(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la relación entre la caries dental, los factores socioeconómicos y la calidad de vida de los preescolares. Metodología: La muestra consistió en 215 niños de la ciudad de Patos-PB. La prevalencia de la caries dental se evaluó utilizando el índice ceo-d y los cuestionarios de la Escala de impacto de la salud bucal en la primera infancia (B-ECOHIS) y el Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI) evaluó el impacto de la caries en la calidad de vida de los niños. Los datos se sometieron a la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: La prevalencia de caries se observó en el 65,1% de la muestra con una media de dm-d = 3,53, con el 92,6% del componente cariado. La caries dental mostró una relación significativa con algunos factores socioeconómicos (p <0.05) y se observó el impacto en la calidad de vida de los niños (p = 0.001). Algunas preguntas específicas de la AUQEI estaban relacionadas con la caries dental: "de noche, cuando duerme" (p = 0.01), "cuando hace deporte" (p = 0.047), "cuando juega solo" (p = 0.049) y " cuando los amigos hablan de ti "(p = 0.044). Conclusión: Se concluye que la caries dental tuvo una influencia negativa en la calidad de vida de los niños y el conocimiento de estos datos permite la adecuación y la reorientación de la atención dirigida a mejorar las condiciones de salud y, en consecuencia, la calidad de vida(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço (HNSCC): desvendando os mistérios do microambiente tumoral / Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): unmasking the tumor microenvironment

Este artigo refere-se à uma revisão sobre o carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço (HNSCC), o qual está envolvido em cerca de 90% dos cânceres de cabeça e pescoço,originado do revestimento escamoso da superfície das mucosas do trato aero digestivo superior,incluindo cavidade oral, faringe, laringe e trato sino nasal. Atualmente, o HNSCC apresenta-se como o sexto tipo de câncer mais comum no mundo, sendo que apenas 50% dos pacientes permanecem vivos por 5 anos, após o diagnóstico. Devido à sua distribuição acelerada e alta prevalência, este tipo de câncer tornou-se, nas últimas décadas, uma das principais ameaças para a saúde pública. Seu desenvolvimento e progressão vem ganhando um destaque especial,considerando-se as novas descobertas relacionadas à instabilidade no cerne da genômica e epigenômica, metabolômica, remodelamento celular e fatores de risco associados, principalmente com o envolvimento de infecções virais e, mais recentemente, aos aspectos imunológicos inerentes ao microambiente tumoral (TME), principalmente o perfil celular (fibroblastos associados ao câncer, linfócitos T reguladores, linfócitos e macrófagos com perfil imunossupressorTh2 e M2, respectivamente e neutrófilos associados ao tumor) e o perfil humoral (quimiocinas, citocinas imunossupressoras tais como TGF-B, IL-13, IL-10, proteínas responsáveis pela quebrada matrix extracelular–metaloproteases e fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento e progressão tumoral mediados pela angiogênese, tais como EGF e VEGF). Nos próximos anos, a compreensão da imunobiologia do HNSCC será paralelamente acompanhada de importantes avanços na detecção precoce de pacientes de alto risco, baseada na identificação de biomarcadores,na manipulação do sistema imune e na compreensão da farmacogenômica.

This article refers to a review about head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which involves about 90% of all head and neck cancers, originated from the squamous lining of the upperaero digestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and sinonasal tract. Currently, it is known as the 6th most common cancer in the world and only 50% of patients will remain alive for5 years post-diagnosis. Due to its accelerated spreading and its high occurrence, this kind of cancerhas become, in the last decades, one of the major threats to public health. Its development and progression has been gaining special attention, considering the new findings associated to the coreinstability of genetic and epigenetic, metabolomics, cellular remodeling and associated risk factors,especially with the involvement of viral infections and, more recently, to the immunological aspects inherent from the tumor microenvironment (TME) particularly cell profiles (fibroblast associated with cancer, regulatory T cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages with immuno suppressive profile Th2and M2, respectively, and neutrophils associated with tumor) and humoral profile (chemokines, immuno suppressive cytokines such as TGF-B, IL-13, IL-10, proteins responsible for the breakdown of extracellular matrix- metallo proteinase and factors that contribute to the development and tumor progression mediated by angiogenesis, such as EGF and VEGF). In the upcoming years, under standing the immunobiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma will be accompanied simultaneous ly by important advances in the early detection of high-risk patients, based on the identification of biomarkers,on the manipulation of the immune system and on the understanding of the pharmacogenomics.

Profile and scientific production of Brazilian researchers in dentistry / Perfil e produção científica dos pesquisadores brasileiros em Odontologia

Aim: The present study seeks to investigate the profile and scientific production of Brazilian researchers in dentistry from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Methods: An observational study was conducted. The sample consisted of productivity researchers from CNPq with fellowships awarded in February 2013. Data were collected from Lattes Curriculum. Analyzed parameters corresponded to the years 2011 and 2012. Results: The sample consisted of 209 researchers. Most of the researchers were male, who received a category 2 fellowship, distributed in 12 Brazilian States. Regarding the area of expertise, most of the researchers worked in dentistry clinics, oral pathology, and periodontics. A predominance of publications was found in Qualis B journals and in the supervision of scientific initiation. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal both a significant contribution from dentistry researchers towards the consolidation of national scientific production as well as the updating of information regarding dentistry production.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar o perfil e a produção científica dos pesquisadores brasileiros em Odontologia bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico (CNPq). Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional. A amostra consistiu de pesquisadores de produtividade do CNPq, com bolsas de estudo ativas em fevereiro de 2013. Os dados foram coletados do Currículo Lattes. Parâmetros analisados correspondem para os anos 2011 e 2012. Resultados: A amostra consistiu de 209 investigadores. A maioria dos pesquisadores era do sexo masculino, categoria 2 de bolsa e distribuídos em 12 Estados brasileiros. Sobre a área de especialização, a maioria dos pesquisadores atuava em Clínica Odontológica, Patologia Bucal e Periodontia. Há uma predominância de publicações em revistas Qualis B e supervisão de iniciação científica. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo mostram uma contribuição significativa de pesquisadores de Odontologia para a consolidação da produção científica nacional, além de atualizar informações sobre produção de odontologia.(AU)

Early Weaning as a Risk Factor for Deleterious Oral Habits in 3-5 Year- Old Children

Objective: To verify the association between early weaning, sociodemographic variables and deleterious oral habits in 3-5 year-old Brazilian children. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study with longitudinal design used a random sample of 150 children representing a population of 388 children enrolled in public schools of Domingos Martins, Brazil. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire aimed at parents / guardians. The dependent variable considered for analysis was the presence of habits - pacifier and finger sucking - and as explanatory variables: gender, age, early weaning and socioeconomic status. Early weaning was considered when exclusive breastfeeding was suspended before six months of age. Chisquare test was used to verify association among variables. Significance level adopted was 5%. To check the strength of association, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were used. Results: Significant association was found between variables age of 4 and 5 years (p = 0.030, OR = 2.193, CI = 1.029; 4.673) and early weaning (p = 0.001, OR = 5.045, CI = 2.087; 12.199) with pacifier sucking habit. Conclusion: Association between age, early weaning and pacifier sucking habits was observed. Early weaning can be considered a risk factor for pacifier sucking habit.

Salivary flow rate and biochemical composition analysis in stimulated whole saliva of children with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: It is recognized that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients present a risk for oral diseases, since it affects exocrine glands, and the treatment consists of a carbohydrate-rich diet. Recognizing the protective function of saliva on maintaining oral health, the aim of the study was to evaluate salivary parameters in stimulated whole saliva from children with CF. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted comparing stimulated whole saliva of healthy (n=28; control group) and CF children (n=21; experimental group). Salivary flow rate, initial pH, buffer capacity (total and in each range of pH), total protein and sialic acid (total, free, and conjugated) concentration, α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities were evaluated. Data were compared by two-tailed Student t test (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: CF patients presented a significant reduction in salivary parameters compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05): salivary flow rate (36%), buffer capacity (pH range from 6.9 to 6.0), sialic acid concentration (total 75%, free 61%, and conjugated 83%); α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities (55%). Additionally, a significant increase in total protein concentration (180%) of stimulated whole saliva from CF patients was verified compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with CF presented significant changes in salivary composition, including salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and protective proteins of the oral cavity, compared with children without CF.

Dental pain prevalence among health care personnel / Prevalência de dor dentária em trabalhadores da saúde

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dental pain is a major reason for looking for dental services. Toothache may prevent or impair daily activities, such as working, having fun or socializing. This study aimed at evaluating dental pain prevalence in the last six months, among employees of the Teaching Hospital, Vitoria, ES. METHODS: This was an analytical, observational cross-sectional study. Data were collected by six trained interviewers by means of standardized interviews filling a questionnaire previously used by other studies about toothache among employees of the state of Espirito Santo, which included demographic and social information, as well as toothache report, type of pain (spontaneous or induced), use of dental services and employment bond. Confidence level of 95%, error of 5% and expected prevalence of 50% were used for sample calculation. Final sample was made up of 265 employees. The association between studied variables and dental pain prevalence was observed using Pearson Chi-square test with significance level of 5%. Odds Ratio and respective confidence intervals (CI- 95%) were estimated for statistically significant variables. RESULTS: Dental pain prevalence was 65.7%. Employees with up to 39 years of age (p=0.004, OR=2.081 CI 95%=1.226; 3.530), of economic classes C and D (p=0.007, OR=1.968 CI 95%=1.173; 3.30) and those receiving up to three minimum wages have reported higher dental pain prevalence (p=0.000, OR=2.829 CI=1.611; 4.967). CONCLUSION: There has been high dental pain prevalence among employees. Strategies to decrease such event should be implemented aiming at improving quality of life of such employees. .

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor de origem dental é um dos principais motivos da utilização de serviços odontológicos. A dor de dente pode impedir ou dificultar atividades diárias, tais como trabalhar, se divertir e se relacionar com outras pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de dor de origem dental nos últimos seis meses em funcionários do Hospital Universitário, Vitória, ES. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo analítico, do tipo observacional com delineamento transversal. Seis entrevistadores treinados coletaram os dados pelo método de entrevista padronizada preenchendo um questionário previamente utilizado em outros estudos sobre dor de dente em trabalhadores capixabas que incluía informações demográficas e sociais dos participantes, bem como o relato de dor de dente, tipo de dor (espontânea ou provocada), utilização de serviços odontológicos e tipo de vínculo empregatício. Para o cálculo amostral, os parâmetros utilizados foram nível de confiança de 95%, erro de 5% e prevalência esperada de 50%. A amostra final foi de 265 funcionários. A associação entre as variáveis do estudo e a prevalência de dor de dente foi verificada por meio do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson com nível de significância de 5%. Estimaram-se os valores do Odds Ratio e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC-95%) para as variáveis com significância estatística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor de origem dental foi de 65,7%. Funcionários com até 39 anos (p=0,004, OR=2,081 IC95%=1,226;3,530), inseridos nas classes econômicas C e D, (p=0,007, OR=1,968 IC 95%=1,173;3,30) e aqueles que recebiam até 3 salários mínimos relataram maior prevalência de dor de origem dental (p=0,000, OR=2,829 IC=1,611;4,967). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se alta prevalência de dor de dente em funcionários. Estratégias direcionadas à redução do evento devem ser implementadas com vistas à melhora da qualidade de vida desses trabalhadores. .

[Access to information about how to prevent oral problems among school children in the public school network]. / Acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais entre escolares da Rede Pública de Ensino.

The scope of this study is to identify the prevalence of access to information about how to prevent oral problems among schoolchildren in the public school network, as well as the factors associated with such access. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted among 12-year-old schoolchildren in a Brazilian municipality with a large population. The examinations were performed by 24 trained dentists and calibrated with the aid of 24 recorders. Data collection occurred in 36 public schools selected from the 89 public schools of the city. Descriptive, univariate and multiple analyses were conducted. Of the 2510 schoolchildren included in the study, 2211 reported having received information about how to prevent oral problems. Access to such information was greater among those who used private dental services; and lower among those who used the service for treatment, who evaluated the service as regular or bad/awful. The latter use toothbrush only or toothbrush and tongue scrubbing as a means of oral hygiene and who reported not being satisfied with the appearance of their teeth. The conclusion drawn is that the majority of schoolchildren had access to information about how to prevent oral problems, though access was associated with the characteristics of health services, health behavior and outcomes.

Acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais entre escolares da Rede Pública de Ensino / Access to information about how to prevent oral problems among school children in the public school network

O presente estudo propõe-se a identificar a prevalência do acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais entre escolares da rede pública de ensino, assim como os fatores associados a este acesso. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico conduzido entre escolares de 12 anos de idade de um município brasileiro de grande porte populacional. Os exames foram realizados por 24 cirurgiões-dentistas treinados e calibrados com auxilio de 24 anotadores. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 36 escolas sorteadas das 89 escolas públicas do município. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas, univariadas e múltiplas. Dos 2510 escolares incluídos no estudo, 2211 relataram já ter recebido informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais. O acesso a tais informações foi maior entre os que utilizaram serviços odontológicos privado/convênio; e menor entre aqueles que utilizaram o serviço para tratamento, os que avaliaram o serviço como regular ou ruim/péssimo, os que utilizam como meio de higiene bucal somente escova dente/escova dente e higienização a língua e os que relataram não estarem satisfeitos com a aparência de seus dentes. Conclui-se que a maioria dos escolares teve acesso a informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais, o qual esteve associado a características dos serviços de saúde, comportamentos e desfechos de saúde.

The scope of this study is to identify the prevalence of access to information about how to prevent oral problems among schoolchildren in the public school network, as well as the factors associated with such access. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted among 12-year-old schoolchildren in a Brazilian municipality with a large population. The examinations were performed by 24 trained dentists and calibrated with the aid of 24 recorders. Data collection occurred in 36 public schools selected from the 89 public schools of the city. Descriptive, univariate and multiple analyses were conducted. Of the 2510 schoolchildren included in the study, 2211 reported having received information about how to prevent oral problems. Access to such information was greater among those who used private dental services; and lower among those who used the service for treatment, who evaluated the service as regular or bad/awful. The latter use toothbrush only or toothbrush and tongue scrubbing as a means of oral hygiene and who reported not being satisfied with the appearance of their teeth. The conclusion drawn is that the majority of schoolchildren had access to information about how to prevent oral problems, though access was associated with the characteristics of health services, health behavior and outcomes.

Alfabetização em saúde bucal: uma revisão da literatura / Oral health literacy: a literature review

A necessidade da construção do conhecimento sobre alfabetização em saúde se deve aofato de as pessoas ainda terem dúvidas e dificuldades para tomar decisões relacionadas à suasaúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o tema alfabetização em saúde, identificando os principaismodelos teóricos que o norteiam, as diferenças/aproximações entre educação para a saúdee alfabetização em saúde, bem como os grupos de pessoas vulneráveis à baixa alfabetizaçãoem saúde. Avaliou-se, ainda, essa alfabetização no âmbito da Odontologia. Foram acessadasas bases de dados Scielo/BVS/Lilacs/PubMed em português e em inglês, independente do anode publicação, utilizando as palavras-chave “Alfabetização em saúde”, “Promoção da saúde”,“Educação em saúde bucal” e “Alfabetização em saúde bucal”. Identificaram-se traduções parao português do Brasil e definições e/ou conceitos do termo “health literacy”. Foi constatada ainterferência da relação profissional da saúde/paciente na eficácia dessa alfabetização, a existênciade instrumentos para a sua mensuração (sendo um deles específico para a Odontologia).Entre os modelos teóricos, destacou-se o de Sorensen et al. (2012), o qual propõe que a alfabetizaçãoem saúde refere-se aos conhecimentos, à motivação e à competência das pessoas paraacessar, compreender, avaliar e aplicar informações relacionadas à saúde. Distinguiram-se comogrupos vulneráveis à baixa alfabetização em saúde as crianças, adolescentes, idosos, pessoascom necessidades especiais, minorias étnicas e os desfavorecidos. No âmbito da Odontologia,constatou-se associação da autopercepção da saúde bucal com a alfabetização em saúde bucal.A informação é essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das pessoas, sendo evidente aimportância da alfabetização em saúde para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas e dosindicadores de saúde bucal...

The need for building knowledge on health literacy is justified by the fact that people stillhave doubts and difficulties to make decisions related to their own health. This study aimed toreview the health literacy, identifying its principal theoretical models that guide the differences/similarities between health education and health literacy, as well as to identify vulnerablegroups of people with low health literacy. The health literacy in Dentistry was also evaluated.The Scielo / BVS / Lilacs / PubMed in Portuguese and English databases were accessed, regardlessof the year of publication, using “Health literacy”, “Health promotion”, “Oral health education”and “Oral health literacy” keywords. Translations for Brazilian Portuguese language, anddefinitions and/or concepts of the term “health literacy” were identified. Interference of therelationship doctor/patient in the effectiveness of literacy, the existence of tools for its measurement(one specific for Dentistry) were found. The theoretical model proposed by Sorensenet al. (2012) presented health literacy referred to the knowledge, motivation and competenceof people to access, understand, evaluate and apply information related to health. Children,adolescents, elderly, people with special mental needs, ethnic minorities and disadvantagedwere reported as the vulnerable groups related to low health literacy. Association of oral healthself-perception with oral health literacy was also found. Information is essential for growth anddevelopment of people, and the importance of health literacy is clear to improve the quality oflife and oral health indicators...

Avaliação das condições de saúde bucal de Portadores de Necessidades Especiais / Evaluation of oral health conditions of patients with Special Needs

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições de saúde bucal de Portadores de Necessidades Especiais (PNE) de uma Escola Especial da cidade de Patos-PB, bem como identificar as dificuldades apontadas por seus responsáveis para a manutenção da saúde bucal dos mesmos. Metodologia: A população-alvo deste estudo foi composta por 74 alunos, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculados, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos e por seus responsáveis. O estudo foi conduzido em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu na aplicação de um formulário aos responsáveis pelos PNE, e a segunda, na realização de um exame clínico intrabucal, realizado por um examinador e anotador previamente calibrados, em que se avaliaram as condições de saúde bucal dos alunos por meio do Índice de Cárie Dentária (CPO-D), do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS) e da presença de Trauma Dentário. Resultado: Observou-se que 75,4% dos alunos já haviam recebido algum tipo de tratamento odontológico; destes, 50,9% afirmaram ter sido na Unidade Básica de Saúde. O CPO-D médio foi de 12,6 (±8,4), 52% apresentaram higiene oral deficiente e o trauma dental foi observado em 19,3% dos alunos analisados. Com relação ao parto, 51% das mães relataram ter tido uma gestação normal e 54,4% nunca haviam sido orientadas com relação aos cuidados com a saúde bucal do filho. Entre as dificuldades relatadas pelos responsáveis para manter a saúde bucal do PNE, 33,3% afirmaram ser encontrar um Dentista que o atenda e 33,3% apontaram o custo do tratamento. Conclusão: Os altos índices revelados pelo CPO-D, bem como a higiene oral deficiente, somados às dificuldades relatadas em se realizar o acompanhamento odontológico ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of patients with Special Needs (SN), and identify the difficulties pointed out by their parents for maintaining the oral health. Methodology: The population for this study was made up of 74 students, of both sexes, enrolled who met the inclusion criteria previously established and their parents. This study was conducted in two stages: the first was the application of a form to parents of the students with SN and the second, the achievement of an intraoral clinical examination, by an examiner and recorder calibrated, which evaluated the oral health status of students through the Caries index (CPO-D), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHOS) and presence of dental trauma. Result: It's noted that 75.4% had received some form of dental treatment, of these, 50.9% said they had been in the Basic Health Unit. The caries index was 12.6 (±8,4), 52% had poor hygiene oral and the dental trauma was observed in 19.3% of analyzed students. With respect to delivery, 51% of mothers reported having had a normal pregnancy and 54.4% were never oriented in relation to the oral health care of the child. Among the difficulties reported by the parents for maintaining the oral health of the SN, 33.3% claimed to be finding a dentist that meets, and 33.3% pointed the cost of treatment. Conclusion: The high rates revealed by CPO-D, as well as poor oral higiene, added to the reported difficulty in performing the dental care of these individuals, show the need to implement more public policy that give more attention to these patients. .

Acesso a orientações de higiene bucal entre escolares da rede pública de ensino / Access to the guidelines of oral hygiene among schoolchildren of public schools

Introdução: O acesso à educação em saúde bucal é considerado um importante preditor para avaliação das condições e dos comportamentos em saúde bucal. Crianças com 12 anos estão, em sua maioria, inseridas no ambiente escolar, sendo a escola um ambiente educacional e social propício para que conhecimentos e mudanças de comportamento sejam trabalhados. Objetivo: Propõe-se identificar a prevalência do acesso a orientações de higiene bucal entre escolares da Rede Pública de Ensino e os fatores associados a esse acesso. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico, conduzido entre escolares de 12 anos de idade de um município brasileiro de grande porte populacional. Os exames foram realizados por 24 Cirurgiões-Dentistas treinados e calibrados com auxílio de 24 anotadores. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 36 escolas públicas, sorteadas dentre as 89 escolas do município. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas, univariadas e múltiplas (OR/IC95%). Resultado: Dos 2.755 escolares avaliados, 2.510 foram incluídos. Destes, 2.173 (86,6%) receberam orientações de higiene bucal. O acesso a orientações de higiene bucal foi maior entre escolares do sexo masculino e dentre os que utilizaram serviços odontológicos privados ou por convênio. Foi menor entre os que usaram o serviço odontológico para tratamento e há mais de um ano, dentre os que não recebiam assistência odontológica na escola e entre aqueles que relataram uma frequência de higiene bucal de uma vez por dia. Conclusão: A maioria dos escolares teve acesso a orientações de higiene bucal, estando este acesso associado a variáveis referentes aos determinantes pessoais, ao serviço de saúde e aos comportamentos. .

Introduction: Access to oral health education is considered an important predictor for assessing the conditions and behaviors on oral health. Most 12-year children are in the school environment, being the school a propitious educational and social environment for both knowledge as behavioral changes are implemented. Objective: It is proposed to identify the prevalence of access to oral hygiene guidelines among schoolchildren of public schools and the factors associated with such access. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among 12-years schoolchildren of a Brazilian city with a large population size. The tests were performed by 24 trained and calibrated dentists with the aid of 24 annotators. Data collection occurred in 36 randomly selected public schools among the 89 schools of the city. Descriptive, univariate and multiple analyzes were conducted (OR/IC95%). Result: Of the 2,755 schoolchildren, 2,510 were included. Of these, 2,173 (86.6%) received oral hygiene guidelines. Access to guidelines for oral care was higher among male students and among those using private dental services or covenant. It was lower among those who used the service for dental treatment for over one year and among those who did not receive dental care at school, who reported a frequency of oral hygiene equal to once/day. Conclusion: Most of the students had access to guidelines for oral hygiene, with this access associated with variables related to personal determinants, health services and behaviors. .

Trauma dentário na infância: avaliação da conduta dos educadores de creches públicas de Patos-PB / Dental trauma in childhood: evaluation action of educators in public nurseries from the city of Patos/PB

Introdução: O trauma dental na infância ocorre em locais de assistência a essa fase e a conduta tomada pelos cuidadores, após o acidente, influencia diretamente no prognóstico. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos Educadores de creches públicas sobre que condutas tomariam frente ao trauma dentário na infância. Metodologia: Por meio de estudo descritivo transversal, foi aplicado um questionário a 23 Educadores das creches públicas do Município de Patos-PB, para avaliar o perfil dos sujeitos e a conduta frente a situações emergenciais de trauma dentário nosescolares. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural - UFCG, sob protocolo n.º 056/2011. Para análise e tabulação dos dados, foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS versão 18.0. Resultado: Observou-se que a maioria dos Educadores (91,3%) nunca foi capacitada, não estando estes aptos a realizar o primeiro atendimento em caso de trauma dentário. Com relação ao tema avulsão dentária, 60,9% dos Educadores não saberiam o que fazer em caso de avulsão do dente permanente e 40,3%, do decíduo. Diante do dente avulsionado, 26,1% lavariam o dente rapidamente com água corrente, o armazenaria em um guardanapo, lenço ou algodão (21,7%) e levaria a criança ao Cirurgião-Dentista. Diante de fratura coronária de dente, 34,8% guardariam o pedaço fraturado, enquanto que 39,1% não saberiam como proceder. Todos os entrevistados julgaram ser muito importante uma capacitação com os docentes, para realizar as primeiras medidas emergenciais frente ao trauma dentário. Conclusão: A maioria dos Educadores não está preparada para lidar com trauma dentário na infância, apresentando pouco ou nenhum conhecimento ...

Introduction: Dental trauma in childhood occurs in locals they are assisted and action taken by caregivers after the accident directly influences the prognosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge of educators in public nurseries toward their atitudes when facing dental trauma in childhood. Methodology: Through a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was given to 23 educators in public daycare centers in Patos/PB to assess personal characteristics and behavior in relation to emergency situations of dental injuries in school. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Center and Rural Technology/UFCG, protocol number 056/2011. For analysis and tabulation of the data SPSS version 18.0 was used. Result: It was observed that the majority of educators (91.3%) were never trained, not being able to perform the first care in the event of dental trauma. On the dental avulsion topic, 60.9% of the teachers did not know what to do in case of avulsion of permanent teeth, and 40.3% of deciduous. Before the avulsed tooth, 26.1% would quickly wash the tooth with running water, would store on a napkin, handkerchief or cotton (21.7%) and take the child to the dentist. In relation to crown fracture of tooth, 34.8% would keep the fractured piece, while 39.1% would not know how to proceed. All respondents felt it was a very importante a training session with the teachers to make them conduct first emergency care in dental trauma. Conclusion: Most educators are not prepared to deal with dental trauma in childhood, with little or no knowledge about the subject, the inclusion of programs aiming teacher training in oral health is needed. .

Mouthwashes for the control of supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients: evidence-based recommendations for clinicians.

Properly performed daily mechanical biofilm control is the most important prevention strategy for periodontal diseases. However, proper mechanical biofilm control is not performed effectively by the majority of the population, mainly due to lack of motivation and of manual dexterity. Local biofilm retention factors may aggravate home oral hygiene quality. For this reason, patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances comprise a group that may benefit from the daily use of mouthwashes. The purpose of this review was to perform a systematic search in the literature on antiseptics used to control supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients. Six studies investigating the effect of chlorhexidine and 5 studies evaluating the effect of the daily use of antiseptics were found. Chlorhexidine showed better results in reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, because of its adverse effects after continuous use, it should not be indicated for long-term periods. Among the agents considered for daily use, the fixed combination of essential oils was the only one evaluated in a clinical trial, in which a comparative group presented a statistically significant clinical impact. There is no direct evidence supporting the indication of antiseptic agents for orthodontic patients other than chlorhexidine and essential oils. It can be concluded that, for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, chlorhexidine should be considered for treating acute gingival inflammation, whereas essential oils should be indicated for long-term daily use in controlling supragingival biofilm.

Mouthrinse recommendation for prosthodontic patients.

Different reasons can contribute to classifying dental prosthesis wearers as high-risk individuals in relation to dental biofilm accumulation. These include a past history of oral disease, age and additional retentive areas. Other common complaints include inflammation and halitosis. Moreover, prosthesis replacement and prosthetic pillar loss are generally associated with caries and periodontal disease recurrence. Therefore, the present study undertook to make a critical review of the literature, aiming at discussing the main aspects related to chemical agent prescriptions for dental prosthesis wearers. Most of the articles were selected based on relevance, methods and availability in regard to the specific subject under investigation, without considering publication year limitations. Different types of prostheses and their impact on teeth and other oral tissues were reported. It was demonstrated that there is greater biofilm buildup and increased inflammatory levels in the presence of different types of prostheses, suggesting that additional measures are required both on population-wide and individual levels in order to control these factors. Mechanical control consists of a combination of manual or electric toothbrush and toothpaste, as well as specific devices for interdental cleaning. Although many chemical agents exhibit antimicrobial benefits when used for prosthesis disinfection, only a few agents can be used safely without causing damage. Regarding the selection of antiseptics by the overall population, chlorhexidine is the most indicated in the short term and in sporadic cases. The most indicated adjuncts to overcome the deficiencies and limitations of daily mechanical biofilm control are products containing essential oils as active ingredients.

Antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an adjunct method in peri-implant biofilm control.

Great possibilities for oral rehabilitation emerged as a result of scientific consolidation, as well as a large number of dental implant applications. Along with implants appeared diseases such as mucositis and peri-implantitis, requiring management through several strategies applied at different stages. Biofilm accumulation is associated with clinical signs manifest by both tooth and implant inflammation. With this in mind, regular and complete biofilm elimination becomes essential for disease prevention and host protection. Chemical control of biofilms, as an adjuvant to mechanical oral hygiene, is fully justified by its simplicity and efficacy proven by studies based on clinical evidence. The purpose of this review was to present a consensus regarding the importance of antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an auxiliary method in chemical peri-implant biofilm control. The active ingredients of the several available mouthrinses include bis-biguanide, essential oils, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxygenating compounds, chlorine derivatives, plant extracts, fluorides, antibiotics and antimicrobial agent combinations. It was concluded that there is strong clinical evidence that at least two mouthrinses have scientifically proven efficacy against different oral biofilms, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate and essential oils; however, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate presents a number of unwanted side effects and should be prescribed with caution. Chemical agents seem beneficial in controlling peri-implant inflammation, although they require further investigation. We recommend a scientifically proven antiseptic, with significant short and long term efficacy and with no unwanted side effects, for the prevention and/or treatment of peri-implant disease.

Avaliação da resistência da união de dentes artificiais a uma resina acrílica termopolimerizável / Bond strength of denture teeth to heat-cured denture base resin

Fraturas de dentes artificiais de bases de próteses dentárias são problemas comuns. Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência da união ao cisalhamento de três marcas comerciais de dentes artificiais (Biolux® [B]; Vip Dent® [V]; Trybite® [T]) com e sem retenção mecânica a uma resina acrílica termopolimerizável (Vip Cril). Métodos: Dentes artificiais foram fixados com cera em 60 cilindros de PVC. A seguir, foram incluídos em mufla odontológica com gesso especial e, após a eliminação da cera os 60 cilindros, foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais com (CR=30) e sem (SR=30) retenção mecânica, destes ainda foram criados subgrupos (n=10) para cada marca de dente. Os corpos de prova, depois de preenchidos com a resina acrílica, polimerização, desinclusão e acabamento, foram armazenados em água destilada a 37°C por 24 horas e submetidos aos ensaios mecânicos de cisalhamento (0,5 mm/min). Falhas foram analisadas em lupa (40 X). Resultados: A análise de variância não evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significante (P > 0,05) entre os grupos com ou sem retenção mecânica. O teste de Tukey (α = 0,05) evidenciou diferença significante (P < 0,001) entre as marcas: (T = 20,3 MPa; V = 17,8 MPa e B = 15,5 MPa). As falhas foram predominantemente mistas. Conclusão: A retenção mecânica não aumentou a resistência de união e as diferentes marcas de dentes podem influenciar na união...

Qualidade de vida do paciente submetido à cirurgia videolaparoscópica para tratamento para doença do refluxo gastroesofágico / Quality of life of patients undergoing surgery by videolaparoscopy for GERD treatment

RACIONAL: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico é afecção crônica de elevada prevalência nos países ocidentais e com efeitos negativos sobre a qualidade de vida. O tratamento cirúrgico é indicado para pacientes que necessitam usar medicamentos ininterruptamente, intolerantes ao controle clínico prolongado e nas formas complicadas da doença. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de indivíduos submetidos à correção cirúrgica por videolaparoscopia, para tratamento da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 43 pacientes com idade média de 51,4 anos, de ambos os gêneros nos últimos dez anos, utilizando-se o questionário Escala de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde para doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (1996), traduzido e validado para a língua portuguesa. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico Epi Info versão 3.5.1, com auxilio do teste de Duncan e do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, fixando-se o valor de 5% para a hipótese de nulidade (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Mais de 50% dos participantes demonstraram boa qualidade de vida (escores<5 do questionário); 95,3% indicaram satisfação com seu estado de saúde. Observou-se correlação positiva significativa entre a maioria das variáveis referentes à pirose e ao tempo após a operação (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes apresentaram boa qualidade de vida e elevado grau de satisfação com sua condição pós-operatória.

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease of high prevalence in Western countries, with negative effects on quality of life. Surgery is indicated for patients with intolerance to continuous medication, prolonged treatment or control, or in complicated forms of the disease. AIM: To evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing surgery by videolaparoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment. METHODS: Sample comprised 43 patients of both genders (mean age = 51.4 years). For quality of life evaluation was made using the questionnaire Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health Related Quality of Life, translated and validated into Portuguese. Data were analyzed by Epi Info version 3.5.1, using Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, with 5% for null hypothesis (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Over 50% of participants showed good quality of life (scores <5 of the questionnaire), more than 90% indicated satisfaction with their health. A significant positive correlation between most variables related to heartburn and the time after surgery was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients presented good quality of life and high level of satisfaction with their postoperative condition.

Quality of life of patients undergoing surgery by videolaparoscopy for GERD treatment.

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease of high prevalence in Western countries, with negative effects on quality of life. Surgery is indicated for patients with intolerance to continuous medication, prolonged treatment or control, or in complicated forms of the disease. AIM: To evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing surgery by videolaparoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment. METHODS: Sample comprised 43 patients of both genders (mean age = 51.4 years). For quality of life evaluation was made using the questionnaire Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health Related Quality of Life, translated and validated into Portuguese. Data were analyzed by Epi Info version 3.5.1, using Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, with 5% for null hypothesis (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Over 50% of participants showed good quality of life (scores <5 of the questionnaire), more than 90% indicated satisfaction with their health. A significant positive correlation between most variables related to heartburn and the time after surgery was observed (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients presented good quality of life and high level of satisfaction with their postoperative condition.

Diode laser effect on enamel microhardness after dental bleaching associated with fluoride.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of diode laser irradiation on human dental enamel treated by bleaching and acidulated phosphate fluoride gels (APF) according to microhardness analysis. BACKGROUND DATA: The high interest of patients for aesthetics in cosmetic dentistry has led to new bleaching materials and the development of new techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty embedded, flattened human third molar enamel fragments were randomly assigned to three groups (n=20). Group 1 received topical application of 1.23% APF photoactivated using a diode laser. Group 2 received three applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide for 5 min and was photoactivated with laser for 30 s in each application. Group 3 treated the same as group 2 plus a 1.23% APF application for 1 min after bleaching followed by 30 s of laser irradiation. Microhardness analyses were performed before and after all the treatments. RESULTS: Analysis of variance followed by Tukey and Student statistical t-tests (p<0.05) showed significantly higher microhardness values for group 1 after treatment. No significant differences were shown before and after treatments for groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: No change was observed in enamel microhardness after treatment with hydrogen peroxide gel photoactivated using diode laser with or without APF. There was an increase in microhardness when enamel was treated only with APF photoactivated using a laser.