Growth phenotypes of very low birth weight infants for prediction of neonatal outcomes from a Brazilian cohort: comparison with INTERGROWTH

Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92-2.31)/1.60 (1.27-2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55-1.47)/1.05 (0.55-1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08-2.51)/1.58 (1.28-1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02-2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

Growth phenotypes of very low birth weight infants for prediction of neonatal outcomes from a Brazilian cohort: comparison with INTERGROWTH.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). METHOD: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. OUTCOME: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. RESULTS: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92-2.31)/1.60 (1.27-2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55-1.47)/1.05 (0.55-1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08-2.51)/1.58 (1.28-1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02-2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

Risk Perception and Decision Making about Early-Onset Sepsis among Neonatologists: A National Survey.

OBJECTIVE: Many newborns are investigated and empirically treated for suspected early-onset sepsis (EOS). This study aimed to describe neonatologists' self-identified risk thresholds for investigating and treating EOS and assess the consistency of these thresholds with clinical decisions. STUDY DESIGN: Voluntary online survey, available in two randomized versions, sent to neonatologists from 20 centers of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. The surveys included questions about thresholds for investigating and treating EOS and presented four clinical scenarios with varying calculated risks. In survey version A, only the scenarios were presented, and participants were asked if they would order a blood test or start antibiotics. Survey version B presented the same scenarios and the risk of sepsis. Clinical decisions were compared between survey versions using chi-square tests and agreement between thresholds and clinical decisions were investigated using Kappa coefficients. RESULTS: In total, 293 surveys were completed (145 survey version A and 148 survey version B). The median risk thresholds for blood test and antibiotic treatment were 1:100 and 1:25, respectively. In the high-risk scenario, there was no difference in the proportion choosing antibiotic therapy between the groups. In the moderate-risk scenarios, both tests and antibiotics were chosen more frequently when the calculated risks were included (survey version B). In the low-risk scenario, there was no difference between survey versions. There was poor agreement between the self-described thresholds and clinical decisions. CONCLUSION: Neonatologists overestimate the risk of EOS and underestimate their risk thresholds. Knowledge of calculated risk may increase laboratory investigation and antibiotic use in infants at moderate risk for EOS. KEY POINTS: · Neonatologists overestimate the risk of EOS.. · There is wide variation in diagnostic/treatment thresholds for EOS.. · Clinical decision on EOS is not consistent with risk thresholds.. · Knowledge of risk may increase investigation and treatment of EOS..

Aspectos perinatais das síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez / Aspects perinatais of the syndromes hipertensivas in the pregnancy

Tem como objetivo principal estudar a morbimortalidade perinatal relacionada as síndromes hipertensivas em um centro de referência para gestaçäo de alto risco fetal como o Instituto Fernandes Figueira - FIOCRUZ, com ênfase na caracterizaçäo da morbidade neonatal associada a cada tipo distinto de distúrbio hipertensivo. A partir de uma coorte histórica de gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas atendidas pela instituiçäo no período de 1992 a 1993, foram selecionadas 376 gestantes classificadas de acordo com o tipo de síndrome hipertensiva e divididas em quatro grupos, segundo a classificaçäo preconizada pelo "American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists" (1972): hipertensäo crônica, pré-eclampsia, pré-eclampsia superajuntada a hipertensäo crônica e a hipertensäo lábil. Foram levantados dados referentes a gestaçäo, ao parto e aos recém-nascidos e efetuada a comparaçäo entre os quatro grupos. A morbimortalidade perinatal foi mais acentuada nos grupos de pré-eclampsia e da pré-eclampsia superajuntada, observando-se uma maior incidência de complicaçöes obstétricas como o retardo de crescimento intrauterino, a oligodramnia, a prematuridade e o sofrimento fetal. Da mesma forma, a morbidade neonatal foi mais expressiva nestes dois grupos, com incidência mais elevada de baixo peso e de recém-nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional e também foram mais frequentes as complicaçöes como a doença de membrana hialina, a policitemia, a leucopenia, a hipoglicemia, os quadros de infecçäo, a enterocolite necrotizante e o óbito neonatal. Conclui que, na populaçäo englobada pelo estudo, o prognóstico fetal e o prognóstico neonatal se comportaram de modo diferente, variando conforme o tipo de distúrbio apresentado pela gestante e sendo mais favoráveis nas pacientes com hipertensäo lábil e hipertensäo crônica.