ABSTRACT
Intestinal I/R (i-I/R) is an insult associated to further adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. This study was designed to evaluate the repercussions of i-I/R on bronchial reactivity to the cholinergic agent methacholine. Anesthetized rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion (45 min) and killed after clamp release and defined intestinal reperfusion periods (30 min, 2, 4, or 24 h). Intestinal I/R caused a progressive bronchial hyporesponsiveness (BHR) that was maximal upon 2 h but reverted within 24 h of intestinal reperfusion. The BHR observed at 2-h i-I/R was prevented by NOS inhibitors (N-L-nitroarginine methyl ester and aminoguanidine) or the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide. Moreover, 2-h i-I/R increased the pulmonary iNOS mRNA expression, a fact prevented by lymphatic thoracic duct ligation. The methacholine reactivity of 2-h i-I/R bronchial segments incubated with NOS inhibitors or glibenclamide was similar to that of naive tissues. In vivo blockade of IL-1beta receptors or lymphatic duct ligation before 2-h i-I/R both abolished BHR. Incubation of naive bronchial segments with lymph collected from 2-h i-I/R rats determined BHR, an effect fully preventable by ex vivo blockade of IL-1beta receptors. Incubation of naive bronchial segments with IL-1beta, but not with IL-10 or TNF-alpha, significantly induced BHR that was prevented by N-L-nitroarginine methyl ester. Our data suggest that a gut ischemic insult generates IL-1beta that, upon reperfusion, travels through the lymph into the lungs. In this tissue, IL-1beta would stimulate the generation of NO that orchestrates the ensuing BHR for which the opening of KATP channels seems to play a pivotal role.
Subject(s)
Bronchial Hyperreactivity/physiopathology , Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology , Intestines/blood supply , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Animals , Bronchial Hyperreactivity/chemically induced , Bronchial Hyperreactivity/prevention & control , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glyburide/pharmacology , Guanidines/pharmacology , Interleukin-10/pharmacology , Intestines/drug effects , Intestines/enzymology , Lymphatic System/metabolism , Male , Methacholine Chloride/administration & dosage , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A adição de flúor à água de abastecimento e a produtos odontológicos favoreceu o declínio da cárie dental; no entanto, observa-se o aumento da prevalência de fluorose dental. O tratamento da fluorose visa à melhora na estética. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o caso clínico de uma paciente de nove anos de idade, atendida na clínica de graduação da Disciplina de Odontopediatria da Fousp, onde foi utilizada a técnica de microabrasão com a mistura de ácido fosfórico a 37% em gel e pedra-pomes para melhorar a estética dos dentes anteriores. A técnica de microabrasão do esmalte mostrou ser uma boa alternativa para a remoção de manchas fluoróticas do esmalte dental, deixando sua coloração mais uniforme, melhorando a estética, além de ser uma técnica de fácil execução, conservadora e de baixo custo.
The fluoride addition to the water of provisioning and dentistry products favored the decline of the dental decay bringing the increase of the fluorosis parallelly. The treatment seeks the improvement of the aesthetics. The aim of this study is to present a case report of a nine-years old patient, who showed dental fluorosis, assisted at the Children's Dentistry Clinic, of the Graduation course of Fousp. The enamel microabrasion technique using a mixture of pumice and 37% phosphoric acid proved to be efficient in this case. It has a satisfactory aesthetic and the procedure is easily performed, conservative and a law-cast alternative.
