ABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de verificar o acúmulo de ácido chiquímico em plantas de laranja pêra (Citrus sinensis) num pomar comercial manejado com glifosato, um herbicida sistêmico de amplo espectro, foram coletadas amostras na Fazenda Jequitibá, tradicional no cultivo de citros, situada no Município de Santo Antônio de Posse, SP. O produtor aplicou de forma convencional Roundup® Original a 1.440 g.ha-1 de equivalente ácido (e.a.) do sal de isopropilamino de glifosato em 19/12/ 2006 na entrelinha de 15 plantas, deixando outras cinco como testemunha. A reaplicação de glifosato a 1.260 g.ha-1 de e.a. foi realizada em 2/4/2007. Em ambos os casos, imediatamente antes da aplicação e aos 3, 7, 10, 15, 20 e 35 dias após, foram coletadas 20 folhas de cada planta tanto da área tratada como da não tratada, analisando-se o teor de ácido chiquímico por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) de forma isocrática após extração por micro-ondas. Os resultados mostraram não ocorrer acúmulo do ácido chiquímico nas plantas de laranja pêra, não havendo diferenças significativas nos teores deste composto entre o material proveniente da área tratada com glifosato e o daquela capinada manualmente.
In order to check the accumulation of shikimic acid in a traditional commercial grove of citrus "Pêra" cultivar (Citrus sinensis) managed for weed control with glyphosate, a systemic herbicide with wide spectrum, samples were collected at Fazenda Jequitibá, in Santo Antonio de Posse County, São Paulo State, Brazil. The producer applied the following treatments of Roundup Original® glyphosate at 1,440 g.ha-1 a.e. of the isopropylamine salt on 19 December 2006 between rows of 15 plants, leaving five others as control. The reapplication of glyphosate at 1,260 g ha-1 was done on 2 April 2007. In both cases, immediately before application and at 3, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 35 days thereafter, 20 leaves from each treated and untreated plants were collected for analysis of the content of shikimic acid by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assisted with microwave. The results showed no significant differences in levels of shikimic acid between the material from the area treated with glyphosate and that weeded manually.
Subject(s)
Shikimic Acid/analysis , Citrus/parasitology , Herbicides , Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
Two ewes died after being fed rabbit ration and mineral salts designated for cows. This food is known to contain copper levels above that indicated for sheep. Blood counts revealed anemia, and serological tests showed high blood urea nitrogen, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase values. At necropsy, the animals had hepatopathy and nephropathy. Hepatic copper levels were 414 ppm. Histological examination revealed chronic active hepatitis with bile casts and tubular nephrosis. The liver, spleen and kidneys had hemosiderosis. This was attributed to the massive hemolysis caused by the copper. The liver failure and hemolytic anemia caused death in these sheep.
Subject(s)
Anemia/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Copper/poisoning , Liver/drug effects , Sheep Diseases/chemically induced , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Brain Edema/veterinary , Copper/analysis , Fatal Outcome , Female , Jaundice/veterinary , Liver/pathology , Pulmonary Edema/veterinary , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiologic profile of cases of meningitis treated at a small hospital in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, and to compare it to those reported for other communities.METHODS: a retrospective study was conducted on 103 patients admitted from January 1992 to July 1996 with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The clinical criteria for diagnosis were based on patient history and physical signs and symptoms, and the laboratory criteria were based on cerebrospinal fluid examination (aspect, cytology, biochemistry, Gram staining, culture and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis) and blood culture.RESULTS: The etiologic agent was identified in 81.5% of cases: Haemophilus influenzae type b in 32%, Neisseria meningitides in 25.2%, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 8.7%, Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis in 8.7%, and others agents in 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the cases of bacterial meningitis treated at the Santa Lydia Hospital of Ribeirão Preto are caused by the same agents detected in other places, with Haemophilus influenzae type b being the predominant one. The study also suggests that when many people are involved in the collection of material for laboratory tests, recovery of the agent may become difficult.
