Single-cell sequencing unveils the lifestyle and CRISPR-based population history of Hydrotalea sp. in acid mine drainage.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by an acid and metal-rich run-off that originates from mining systems. Despite having been studied for many decades, much remains unknown about the microbial community dynamics in AMD sites, especially during their early development, when the acidity is moderate. Here, we describe draft genome assemblies from single cells retrieved from an early-stage AMD sample. These cells belong to the genus Hydrotalea and are closely related to Hydrotalea flava. The phylogeny and average nucleotide identity analysis suggest that all single amplified genomes (SAGs) form two clades that may represent different strains. These cells have the genomic potential for denitrification, copper and other metal resistance. Two coexisting CRISPR-Cas loci were recovered across SAGs, and we observed heterogeneity in the population with regard to the spacer sequences, together with the loss of trailer-end spacers. Our results suggest that the genomes of Hydrotalea sp. strains studied here are adjusting to a quickly changing selective pressure at the microhabitat scale, and an important form of this selective pressure is infection by foreign DNA.

Laryngeal Neuropathy in Adult Goats With Copper Deficiency.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the cause of a neurological syndrome characterized by stridor in adult goats with clinical signs of copper deficiency. The main clinical signs consisted of apathy, emaciation, pale mucous membranes, mucous nasal discharge, dyspnea, severe achromotrichia, diffuse alopecia, torpor, ataxia, and stridor. When the goats were forced to move, the stridor increased. In a herd of 194 Toggenburg goats, 10 adult goats with clinical signs of copper deficiency were removed from the herd and divided into 2 groups: group 1, which consisted of 4 nannies and 1 buck with stridor, and group 2, which consisted of 4 nannies and 1 buck without stridor. Group 3, used as a control, consisted of 5 adult goats from another flock without any clinical signs of disease. The mean serum copper concentrations were 1.3 ± 0.3 µmol/L in group 1, 8.1 ± 1.1 µmol/L in group 2, and 11.3 ± 2.2 µmol/L in group 3. The mean serum iron concentrations were 42.3 ± 14.2 µmol/L in group 1, 39.1 ± 8.2 µmol/L in group 2, and 20.6 ± 6.1 µmol/L in group 3. The main histological lesions in goats from group 1 were axonal degeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and atrophy of the muscles of vocal folds and of the dorsal cricoarytenoid and right and left cricothyroid muscles. Goats with ataxia had neuronal degeneration and necrosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells and of the cranial cervical ganglion. We concluded that the stridor was caused by axonal degeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerves due to the severe copper deficiency.

Traceability from governmental producers of radiopharmaceuticals in measuring (18)F in Brazil.

Since the inception of its proficiency test program to evaluate radionuclide measurement in hospitals and clinics, the National Metrology Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation-LNMRI, that represents Brazilian National Metrology Institute (NMI) for ionizing radiation has expanded its measurement and calibration capability. Requirements from the National Health Surveillance Agency from Ministry of Health (ANVISA), to producers of radiopharmaceuticals provided an opportunity to improve the full traceability chain to the highest level. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-(18)F) is the only radiopharmaceutical simultaneously produced by all Brazilian radiopharmaceutical production centers (RPCs). By running this proficiency test, LNMRI began to provide them with the required traceability. For evaluation, the ratio of RPC to reference value results and ISO/IEC17043:2010 criteria were used. The reference value established as calibration factor on the secondary standard ionization chamber was obtained from three absolute measurements systems, and routinely confirmed in each round of proficiency test by CIEMAT/NIST liquid scintillation counting. The γ-emitting impurities were checked using a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The results show that Brazilian RPCs are in accordance with (accuracy within ±10%) the Brazilian standard for evaluation of measurements with radionuclide calibrators (CNEN NN 3.05., 2013). Nevertheless, the RPCs should improve the methodology of uncertainty estimates, essential when using the statistical criteria of ISO/IEC 17043 standard, in addition to improving accuracy to levels consistent with their position in the national traceability chain.

HydroPaCe: understanding and predicting cross-inhibition in serine proteases through hydrophobic patch centroids.

MOTIVATION: Protein-protein interfaces contain important information about molecular recognition. The discovery of conserved patterns is essential for understanding how substrates and inhibitors are bound and for predicting molecular binding. When an inhibitor binds to different enzymes (e.g. dissimilar sequences, structures or mechanisms what we call cross-inhibition), identification of invariants is a difficult task for which traditional methods may fail. RESULTS: To clarify how cross-inhibition happens, we model the problem, propose and evaluate a methodology called HydroPaCe to detect conserved patterns. Interfaces are modeled as graphs of atomic apolar interactions and hydrophobic patches are computed and summarized by centroids (HP-centroids), and their conservation is detected. Despite sequence and structure dissimilarity, our method achieves an appropriate level of abstraction to obtain invariant properties in cross-inhibition. We show examples in which HP-centroids successfully predicted enzymes that could be inhibited by the studied inhibitors according to BRENDA database. AVAILABILITY: www.dcc.ufmg.br/~raquelcm/hydropace CONTACT: valdetemg@ufmg.br; raquelcm@dcc.ufmg.br; santoro@icb.ufmg.br SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Freqüência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em eqüídeos, em Minas Gerais, 2003 a 2004 / Frequency of anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in equidae in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2003 to 2004

The goal of this research was to find the frequency and spatial distribution of infection caused by Leptospira interrogans in equidae in Minas Gerais State from September 2003 to March 2004. Samples of blood serum (6,475) were analyzed by microscopic agglutination test. From the total, 381 samples were positive (5.9 percent), with title equal or superior to 1:200 for one or more serovars of leptospira. The most frequent serovars were Hardjo (Norma), Pomona, Bratislava, and Batavie. The higher frequency of equidae reagents were recorded at the North and Northeast region of Minas Gerais, followed by Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, then Central, West, Metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, and South/Southwest.

Increased concentration of plasma homocysteine in children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: Studies in adults with SLE have evidenced increase of homocysteine related, mainly, to thromboembolic events. The aim of our study was to evaluate plasma homocysteine concentration in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its correlation with renal involvement, serum and erythrocyte folate, vitamin B12, antiphospholipid antibodies, estimated creatinine clearance and dyslipidemia. METHODS: Thirty-two children (29 females) with SLE and 32 healthy controls (29 females) matched for age and sex were included in the study. The mean age of patients and controls was 14.2 years (range from 10 to 18 years). Only one patient presented one thrombotic event. Plasma homocysteine, erythrocyte and serum folate, vitamin B12, lipid profile, antiphospholipid antibodies and estimated creatinine clearance were evaluated. Raised homocysteine concentration was defined as equal or more than 12.9 mol/L. RESULTS: Raised homocysteine concentration was detected in 15 (46.9%) children with SLE with an important statistical difference in relation to control group (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between plasma homocysteine concentration and renal involvement (odds ratio 11.1 [95% CI 1.50-82.24], p = 0.01) based on the presence of renal biopsy, abnormalities of urine sediment and/or serum creatinine. However, when we performed the estimated creatinine clearance the correlation with homocysteine concentration was not positive. We did not observe abnormalities in serum and erythrocyte folate and vitamin B12 in our patients. However, they presented significant higher concentrations of TC total cholesterol (p = 0.005) and of LDL low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.02) than controls. CONCLUSION: Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is frequent in children with SLE. We believe that these results may signalize to the possibility of complications in our patients later in life. Further long-term and prospective studies are needed in order to determine the real role of the homocysteine concentration as a risk factor in children.

Anemia infecciosa eqüina: prevalência em eqüídeos de serviço em Minas Gerais / Equine infectious anemia: prevalence in working equids of livestock herds, in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Estimaram-se, no estado de Minas Gerais, a prevalência e a distribuição espacial da anemia infecciosa eqüina (AIE) em propriedades com eqüídeos de serviço. As amostras de sangue, de 6540 eqüídeos de 1940 rebanhos foram coletadas no período de setembro de 2003 a março de 2004, nos 853 municípios do estado. Utilizaram-se dois testes de laboratório em seqüência: ELISA, usando-se antígeno recombinante gp90, e imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA). As prevalências foram de 5,3 por cento [IC=4,3 a 6,3 por cento] para rebanhos e de 3,1 por cento [IC=2,2 a 3,9 por cento] para animais. O estado de Minas Gerais foi considerado área endêmica para AIE. As mais altas prevalências para rebanhos e para animais foram encontradas na região Norte/Noroeste, seguida pela região Vale do Mucuri/Jequitinhonha.

Birth of two healthy females after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), Portuguese type, is a late onset, high penetrance, autosomal dominant Mendelian disorder caused by a V30M substitution in the transthyretin (TTR) protein. A genetic diagnosis was developed using fluorescent single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on lymphocytes from patients and controls. Ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval were carried out using conventional protocols in a couple in whom the female was heterozygous for the mutation TTR V30M. Blastomere biopsy was performed on day 3 after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. PCR was then performed for a segment of the TTR gene encompassing the V30M mutation. The transfer of three embryos at day 4 resulted in a twin pregnancy, confirmed as healthy females by amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation; the birth took place at 37 weeks of gestation. With this report, FAP, TTR related, joins the lengthening list of genetic conditions for which preimplantation genetic diagnosis has been successfully carried out.

Ciclosporin metabolite pattern in blood and urine of liver graft recipients. I. Association of ciclosporin metabolites with nephrotoxicity.

Blood ciclosporin (Cs) metabolite pattern in 58 liver grafted patients was routinely monitored by HPLC from the first Cs dose after transplantation until discharge from hospital. Eighteen patients with normal kidney function were allocated to Group I and 14 patients in Group II suffered Cs nephrotoxicity during their clinical course. There were no significant differences between both groups in blood Cs level, kidney function before transplantation, liver function or co-administration of other potentially nephrotoxic drugs. A correlation matrix involving both groups showed a significant correlation between the blood concentration of metabolite M1c9 and serum creatinine and urea, and an inverse correlation with creatinine clearance. During a nephrotoxic episode the blood concentrations of metabolites M1c9 and M1A were significantly elevated in patients in Group II. Analysis of the time course revealed significantly higher blood levels of M19 and M1c9 in Group II patients compared with those in Group I for the first 10 days after transplantation. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations remained significantly elevated, the creatinine clearance being significantly reduced throughout the period of observation. The elevated blood concentrations of ciclosporin metabolites M1c9 and M19 during nephrotoxic episodes suggest that these metabolites are associated with ciclosporin nephrotoxicity. It could not be decided if the elevated metabolite concentrations were the result of and/or the reason for impaired kidney function.

Ciclosporin metabolite pattern in blood and urine of liver graft recipients. II. Influence of cholestasis and rejection.

The pattern of metabolites of ciclosporin in blood and 24 h-urine of 58 liver graft recipients was routinely monitored by HPLC from transplantation until discharge from hospital. Liver function and ciclosporin metabolite pattern in patients with an uncomplicated clinical course and in those with cholestasis or acute rejection were compared. During cholestasis M19 and M1A, and during acute rejection M19, in blood were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Blood M19 was significantly correlated with bilirubin concentration and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in serum, and M1A with the serum bilirubin concentration. Analysis of the metabolite pattern over the observation period showed higher concentrations of M19 and M1A in blood from patients with cholestasis and acute rejection than in the control group; concentrations were lower in the rejection group than in the cholestasis group. The metabolite pattern in 24 h-urine showed similar alterations in ciclosporin metabolite pattern to those in blood. Cholestasis and rejection shift the ciclosporin metabolite pattern in blood and urine to higher concentrations of M19 and M1A, whereas the concentrations of other metabolites and ciclosporin were not significantly affected.

Gene dosage evidence for the regional assignment of GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; E.C. 2.6.1.2) locus to 8q24.2----8qter.

The results of a study on the expression of GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; E.C. 2.6.1.2) in a child with a partial trisomy of chromosomes 8 and 14 are presented. A gene dosage effect supporting the regional assignment of the GPT locus to 8q24.2----8qter is demonstrated.