Preconditioning by aerobic exercise reduces acute ischemic renal injury in rats.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as the sudden loss of renal function associated with structural changes in the kidneys. Currently, 13.3 million people die of AKI around the world. Normally aerobic exercise is used both as/for the treatment and prevention of high blood pressure, metabolic disease and Diabetes mellitus (DM). Nevertheless, exercise preconditioning must be a crucial resource in the prevention and mitigation of AKI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the exercise preconditioning on renal IR (ischemic/reperfusion) experimental model. Male Wistars rats were divided into three groups (n = 9): sham (S), ischemic/reperfusion (IR), exercise + ischemic/reperfusion (EX + IR). IR renal injury was induced by clamping the bilateral renal artery for 45 min. The rats were subjected to exercise 5 days a week for 4 weeks with progressive intensity and duration. The group treated with exercise preconditioning, showed additional improvements in various parameters, including serum creatinine, proteinuria, and decrease of the severity of the tubular injury and activated caspase-3 levels (P < 0.05). The previous aerobic exercise-induced renoprotection in the IR injury. We anticipate that the practice of physical exercise in healthy individuals can also be useful for the prevention and attenuation of AKI.

Glucose-insulin infusion reduces kidney injury in an experimental model of ischemic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: intensive insulin therapy may reduce renal dysfunction during severe illness in adult patients. We evaluated the effects of insulin-glucose (IG) in normoglycemic rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury. METHODS: animals received intravenous infusions of 5% glucose [control (C)] or IG for 96 h. I/R was induced by means of bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min. Serum creatinine (sCr) and urea (sUr) levels were evaluated before and up to 72 h after injury. Tissue samples were evaluated 72 h after I/R on a scale of 0 (normal) to 4 (above 75%) in relation to the extent of kidney injury. RESULTS: after 48 h of I/R, sCr and sUr were increased 2- to 4-fold in C as compared to sham-operated controls (p < 0.05). IG produced significant improvements in renal function (p < 0.05). Upon histopathological analysis, the IG group presented less tubular damage in comparison to the C group: level 1, 60 versus 20%; level 2, 20 versus 30%; level 3, 20 versus 30%, and level 4, 0 versus 20%, respectively (n = 10; p = 0.057). CONCLUSION: our results suggest that IG infusion attenuates the renal damage induced by severe I/R independently of blood glucose control. This strategy may constitute a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of ischemic renal injury.

Cólica renal / Renal colic

Artigos de emergência em Medicina sugerem que 90 por cento dos cálculos menores do que 5mm e 15 por cento dos cálculos com 5mm a 8 mm são eliminados espontaneamente com quatro semanas, enquanto 95 por cento daqueles maiores de 8mm requerem intervenção urológica. Pesquisas recentes mostram que a terapia médico-expulsiva pode aumentar a taxa de eliminação para cálculos de 10mm, reduzir a perda de dias de trabalho, visitas médicas e evitar procedimentos para a sua remoção.

Text the emergency medicina suggests that 90 percent of stones less than 5mm and 15 percent of stones between 5mm and 8mm will pass spontaneously within 4 weeks. while 95 percent of those larger than 8mm will require urological intervention. Recent research shows that medical expulsive therapy can increase the expulsion rate for stones up to 10mm and decrease the expulsion time there by reducing lost workdays, medical visits and avoidable stone removal procedures.