Dedicated Pediatricians in Emergency Department: Shorter Waiting Times and Lower Costs.

BACKGROUND: Dedicated pediatricians in emergency departments (EDs) may be beneficial, though no previous studies have assessed the related costs and benefits/harms. We aimed to evaluate the net benefits and costs of dedicated emergency pediatricians in a pediatric ED. METHODS: Cost-consequences analysis of visits to a pediatric ED of a tertiary hospital. Two pediatric ED Medical Teams (MT) were compared: MT-A (May-September 2012), with general pediatrics physicians only; and MT-B (May-September 2013), with emergency dedicated pediatricians. The main outcomes analyzed were relevant clinical outcomes, patient throughput time and costs. RESULTS: We included 8,694 children in MT-A and 9,417 in MT-B. Medication use in the ED increased from 42.3% of the children in MT-A to 49.6% in MT-B; diagnostic tests decreased from 24.2% in MT-A to 14.3% in MT-B. Hospitalization increased from 1.3% in MT-A to 3.0% in MT-B; however, there was no significant difference in diagnosis-related group relative weight of hospitalized children in MT-A and MT-B (MT-A, 0.979; MT-B, 1.075). No differences were observed in ED readmissions or in patients leaving without being seen by a physician. The patient throughput time was significantly shorter in MT-B, with faster times to first medical observation. Within the cost domains analyzed, the total expenditures per children observed in the ED were 16% lower in MT-B: 37.87 euros in MT-A; 31.97 euros in MT-B. CONCLUSION: The presence of dedicated emergency pediatricians in a pediatric ED was associated with significantly lower waiting times in the ED, reduced costs, and similar clinical outcomes.

Factors associated with health-related quality of life changes in survivors to pediatric intensive care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of change in the health-related quality of life in survivors to pediatric intensive care, based on preadmission health status, demographic characteristics, and physiological variables. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of health-related quality of life at PICU admission and after 6 months. SETTING: Three PICUs at tertiary hospitals. PATIENTS: Children aged ≥ 6 yrs admitted to the PICUs between May 2002 and June 2004. INTERVENTIONS: Health Utilities Index Mark 3 questionnaire was administered to a child proxy by direct interview at admission and by telephone interview at follow-up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From the 517 eligible admissions, 44 (8.5%) children died in the PICU and 252 had a follow-up assessment. From a list of 115 analyzed variables, 29 (25%) and 30 (26%) were selected (p < .10) for a multivariable model predicting improvement and deterioration of the health-related quality of life, respectively. In the final models, only mechanical ventilation, preadmission global score of Health Utilities Index Mark 3, and preadmission Health Utilities Index Mark 3 pain attribute were associated with improvement; and main diagnostic group, preadmission Health Utilities Index Mark 3 emotion attribute, and preadmission Health Utilities Index Mark 3 pain attribute were associated with deterioration in the health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The most common variables used to compute probability of death algorithms were not capable of predicting health-related quality of life in survivors to pediatric intensive care. The preadmission health-related quality of life and trauma admissions are important variables to predict change in the health-related quality of life of children surviving to pediatric intensive care.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de sobreviventes à terapia intensiva pediátrica / Health-related quality of life of pediatric intensive care survivors

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de crianças sobreviventes à alta da terapia intensiva pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma avaliação prospectiva da QVRS na admissão e após 6 meses em crianças com idade igual ou superior a 6 anos, internadas em três unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas (UTIPs) terciárias de maio de 2002 a junho de 2004. A QVRS foi avaliada com o questionário Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), aplicado a um representante da criança. RESULTADOS: Das 517 admissões elegíveis, 44 crianças faleceram na UTIP (8,5 por cento) e 320 casos foram avaliados na admissão; entre eles, foi possível realizar o seguimento de 252 casos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os escores globais do HUI3 antes da admissão e no seguimento [medianas (intervalo interquartil) de 0,86 (0,42-1,00) e 0,83 (0,45-1,00); p = 0,674, respectivamente]. No âmbito individual, 21 por cento das crianças não apresentaram mudanças na QVRS, foi observada melhora em 40 por cento e agravamento em 38 por cento dos casos. Deficiência grave antes da admissão (escore global do HUI3 <  0,70) esteve presente em 36 por cento dos casos, com melhora no seguimento aos 6 meses em 60 por cento deles. Entre aqueles que apresentaram agravamento da QVRS no seguimento, 45 por cento eram vítimas de trauma. CONCLUSÕES: Embora a QVRS seja globalmente semelhante nas duas avaliações, foram encontradas várias diferenças no âmbito individual. As crianças com baixa QVRS antes da admissão (deficiência grave) podem se beneficiar da terapia intensiva pediátrica, visto que muitas dessas crianças melhoraram a QVRS, em comparação com seu estado pré-admissão.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children surviving to pediatric intensive care discharge. METHODS: A prospective evaluation of HRQoL at admission and 6 months later was carried out with children aged 6 years or more, admitted to three tertiary pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from May 2002 to June 2004. HRQoL was measured with the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) questionnaire, administered to a child’s proxy. RESULTS: From the 517 eligible admissions, 44 children died in the PICU (8.5 percent) and 320 cases were evaluated at admission; among those, follow-up data were available in 252 cases. There were no statistically significant differences between preadmission and follow-up HUI3 global scores (medians [interquartile range] of 0.86 [0.42-1.00] and 0.83 [0.45-1.00]; p = 0.674, respectively). At the individual level, 21 percent of children had their HRQoL unchanged, improvement was seen in 40 percent and deterioration in 38 percent of the cases. Severe disability before admission (HUI3 global score < 0.70) was present in 36 percent of the cases, with improvement at the 6-month follow-up in 60 percent of them. Among those with deterioration of HRQoL at follow-up, 45 percent were trauma victims. CONCLUSIONS: Although the HRQoL was globally similar in both evaluations, several differences were found at the individual level. Children with low preadmission HRQoL (severe disability) may benefit from pediatric intensive care, since many of these children improved their HRQoL compared to preadmission status.

Health-related quality of life of pediatric intensive care survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children surviving to pediatric intensive care discharge. METHODS: A prospective evaluation of HRQoL at admission and 6 months later was carried out with children aged 6 years or more, admitted to three tertiary pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from May 2002 to June 2004. HRQoL was measured with the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) questionnaire, administered to a child's proxy. RESULTS: From the 517 eligible admissions, 44 children died in the PICU (8.5%) and 320 cases were evaluated at admission; among those, follow-up data were available in 252 cases. There were no statistically significant differences between preadmission and follow-up HUI3 global scores (medians [interquartile range] of 0.86 [0.42-1.00] and 0.83 [0.45-1.00]; p = 0.674, respectively). At the individual level, 21% of children had their HRQoL unchanged, improvement was seen in 40% and deterioration in 38% of the cases. Severe disability before admission (HUI3 global score < 0.70) was present in 36% of the cases, with improvement at the 6-month follow-up in 60% of them. Among those with deterioration of HRQoL at follow-up, 45% were trauma victims. CONCLUSIONS: Although the HRQoL was globally similar in both evaluations, several differences were found at the individual level. Children with low preadmission HRQoL (severe disability) may benefit from pediatric intensive care, since many of these children improved their HRQoL compared to preadmission status.