Olive Leaf Tea Impact on Postprandial Glycemia: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

This study investigates the effect of olive leaf tea (OLT) on postprandial glycemia in healthy volunteers when ingested with a high-carbohydrate meal, compared with a placebo tea (CON). Healthy adults participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and cross-over design trial receiving a high-rich carbohydrate meal with either 250 mL of OLT or CON at two different times after a washout period. The sequence order was randomized at a ratio of 1:1. Capillary blood glucose was measured in a 2 h period after ingestion. Eighteen participants were initially randomized. Of these, thirteen completed the trial and were analyzed. The consumption of OLT resulted in a delay in peak time (48.5 ± 4.2 min vs. 35.7 ± 4.0 min, p = 0.03) and a significant increase in glucose area under the curve compared to placebo (14,502.7 ± 640.8 vs. 13,633.3 ± 869.4 mg/dL·min, p = 0.03). Results are depicted as mean ± SEM. The OLT and CON palatability were generally well accepted. No adverse effects were reported. OLT did not ameliorate a glycemic curve induced by carbohydrate-rich meal ingestion, suggesting that at least when ingested acutely in a single meal, OLT does not have antihyperglycemic effects. Future studies should account for chronic consumption providing a better understanding of glycemic regulation over time.

Olive oil consumption confers protective effects on maternal-fetal outcomes: A systematic review of the evidence.

Because of the maternal diet's importance, numerous studies have examined the effects of olive oil on pregnancy outcomes. This study provides a systematic review that evaluates the evidence between olive oil consumption and maternal-fetal outcomes. We hypothesized that olive oil reduced the risk of adverse pregnancy complications. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde electronic databases (October and November 2021). The keywords used were pregnancy, olive oil, and pregnancy outcomes. This review included all the available studies in English and Portuguese. The exclusion criteria were (1) unrelated to olive oil consumption, (2) other outcomes, and (3) animal studies. The review included 9 articles (6 experimental and 3 observational). In the maternal outcome studies (n = 6), a higher olive oil consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and cardiovascular risk. In the fetal outcome studies (n = 8), olive oil consumption was associated with a lower risk for small- or large-for-gestational-age infants. Olive oil consumption confers protective effects on pregnancy outcomes; however, further studies are needed that are specifically designed for the impact of olive oil consumption on maternal-fetal outcomes.

Cut Points of the Conicity Index and Associated Factors in Brazilian Rural Workers.

(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this study aims to establish cut points for the conicity index based on the components of metabolic syndrome and to associate it with characteristic sociodemographic, food consumption and occupational factors in Brazilian rural workers; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with farmers. The receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated and the cut-off points for the conicity index were identified by the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity. The variables included in the binary logistic regression analysis were selected by considering p < 0.20 in the bivariate test; (3) Results: The cut points were similar in females according to both criteria, resulting in a single cut-off of 1.269. In males, the cut points showed differences, resulting in 1.272 according to the NCEP-ATP III and 1.252 according to the IDF. We have shown that younger people, those who work more than 40 h a week and the lowest contribution of culinary ingredients are associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity, while the consumption of the products they sell or produce decreases these chances; (4) Conclusions: The conicity index showed high discriminatory power for the identification of abdominal obesity in rural workers. Therefore, there is a need to improve eating habits and promote healthier eating environments for individuals, respecting traditional food culture, mainly to contain the advance of MS in rural areas.

Associação entre a saúde materna e a saúde do recém-nascido em Porto, Portugal / Association between maternal health and newborn health in Porto, Portugal / Asociación entre la salud materna y la salud del recién nacido en Porto, Portugal

Objetivo: compreender a associação entre a saúde materna e a saúde do recém-nascido. Método: realizou-se um estudo longitudinal e restrospetivo em um serviço de obstetrícia, durante o período de fevereiro a junho de 2017, junto a 295 parturientes que tivessem tido gravidezes de um feto. Os dados foram obtidos através de registros no boletim de saúde da grávida e no processo clínico do registro do parto. Resultados: alguns dos resultados obtidos foram que as mulheres com excesso de peso e obesidade pré-gestacional ou ganho de peso gestacional excessivo tiveram recém-nascidos maiores na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, nomeadamente no peso, percentil do peso, z-score do peso, estatura, percentil da estatura e z-score da estatura. Já as mulheres com diabetes mellitus gestacional ou hipertensão arterial na gravidez tiveram recém-nascidos menores, considerando, nomeadamente, o z-score do peso e o z-score do índice de massa corporal. Conclusão: confirmou-se que as mulheres com excesso de peso e obesidade pré-gestacional ou ganho de peso gestacional excessivo tiveram recém-nascidos maiores e que as mulheres com Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional ou Hipertensão Arterial na gravidez tiveram recém-nascidos menores.(AU)

Objective: understand the association between maternal health and the newborn's health. Method: a retrospective longitudinal study was carried out in a service of obstetrics during the period of February 27 to June 12, 2017, to 295 singleton pregnancies. Data was obtained through records in the pregnancy health bulletin and in the clinical process of birth registration. Results: women with overweight and pre-gestational obesity or excessive gestational weight gain had newborns with higher values in most of the parameters evaluated, namely weight, weight percentile, weight z -score, height, height percentile and height z-score. On the other hand, women with gestational diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension during pregnancy had smaller newborns, considering, namely, the z-score of the weight and the z-score of the body mass index. Conclusion: it was confirmed that women with overweight and pre-gestational obesity or excessive gestational weight gain had larger newborns, and women with Gestational diabetes mellitus or pregnancy hypertension had smaller newborns.(AU)

Objetivo: percibir la relación entre la salud materna y la salud del recién nacido. Método: se realizó un estudio longitudinal restrospectivo en un servicio de obstetricia, durante el período del 27 de febrero al 12 de junio de 2017, a 295 parturientes uni fetales. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de registros en el boletín de salud de la embarazada y en el proceso clínico del registro del parto. Resultados: las mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad pre-gestacional o ganancia de peso gestacional excesivo tuvieron recién nacidos mayores en la mayoría de los parámetros evaluados, en particular en el peso, percentil del peso, z-score del peso, estatura, percentil de la estatura y z-score de la estatura. Las mujeres con diabetes mellitus gestacional o hipertensión arterial en el embarazo tuvieron recién nacidos menores considerando, en particular el z-score del peso y el z-score del Índice de Masa Corporal. Conclusión: se confirmó que las mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad pre-gestacional o ganancia de peso gestacional excesivo tuvieron recién nacidos mayores y que las mujeres con diabetes mellitus gestacional o hipertensión arterial en el embarazo tuvieron recién nacidos menores.(AU)

Dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents from LabMed physical activity study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a tool to measure the diet's inflammatory potential and has been used with adults to predict low-grade inflammation. The present study aims to assess whether this dietary score predicts low-grade inflammation in adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The sample comprises 329 adolescents (55.9% girls), aged 12-18 years, from LabMed Physical Activity Study. DII score was calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire and categorized into tertiles. We collected blood samples to determine the follow inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), complement component 3 (C3), and 4 (C4). In addition we calculated an overall inflammatory biomarker score. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were computed from binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: DII score, comparing first with third tertile, was positively associated with IL-6 in crude model (OR = 1.88, 95%CI:1.09-3.24, p trend = 0.011) and in fully adjusted (for biological and lifestyle variables) (OR = 3.38, 95%CI:1.24-9.20, p trend = 0.023). Also, DII score was positively associated with C4, when fully adjusted (OR = 3.12, 95%CI:1.21-8.10, p trend = 0.016). DII score was negatively associated with C3 in crude model, comparing first with second but not with third tertile, and no significant associations in fully adjusted model were observed, although a trend was found (OR = 1.71, 95%CI:0.63-4.66, p trend = 0.044). No significant associations were observed between DII score and CRP. However, DII score was positively associated with the overall inflammatory biomarker score, when fully adjusted (OR = 5.61, 95%CI:2.00-15.78, p trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: DII score can be useful to assess the diet's inflammatory potential and its association with low-grade inflammation in adolescents.

Associations between fruit and vegetable variety and low-grade inflammation in Portuguese adolescents from LabMed Physical Activity Study.

PURPOSE: The dietary guidelines for the consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables have been recognized as an important factor for achieving healthy eating patterns to reduce the risk of chronic disease throughout the lifespan. Our aim is to assess the association between fruit and vegetable variety and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 412 adolescents (ages 14.4 ± 1.7 years; 52% girls). The consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, considering the number of individual/category of fruit or vegetable intake at least once month, and categorized into tertiles. Blood samples were collected to determine C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), complement component 3 (C3), and 4 (C4). We created categories of lower or higher (inflammatory state) for each biomarker, considering sex- and age-adjusted median values. Then, we computed an overall inflammatory score, by adding all points awarded wherein one point was assigned if biomarker was higher or zero if lower, and created categories of 0-1 or 2-4 biomarkers above the median. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% interval confidence (95% CI) were calculated from binary logistic regression to estimate the magnitude of association between fruit and vegetable variety and inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS: Adolescents with a greater variety of vegetable consumption (≥13 categories/month) had lower odds of having a higher CRP (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.64, p trend = 0.004) when compared to those with lower variety consumption (≤6 categories/month), independent of vegetable quantity intake. However, a greater variety of fruit consumption (≥12 categories/month) had higher odds of having a higher IL-6 (OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.67-11.71, p trend = 0.012), C3 (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.23-8.86, p trend = 0.047), and inflammatory score (OR 4.90, 95% CI 1.62-14.86, p trend = 0.017), when compared to those with lower variety consumption (≤9 categories/month), independent of fruit quantity intake, only for girls. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of a variety of vegetables is inversely associated with lower CRP. This finding supports the current dietary guidelines regarding the consumption of a variety of vegetables. The role of fruit variety in low-grade inflammation should be further studied.