Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in the treatment of acute Portomesenteric Vein Thrombosis after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Portomesenteric Vein Thrombosis (PMVT) following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is an uncommon but potentially debilitating complication. Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (CDT) has an evolving role in recanalizing the venous flow and preventing thrombus propagation. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative or in combination with systemic anticoagulants in selected patients. We report two trans-hepatic and trans-splenic CDT. The patient's clinical details, radiological findings, safety, and efficacy are reported. CASES PRESENTATION: Two patients presented to the Emergency Department (ED) within 14 days of surgery. The presenting complaints were generally nonspecific. The diagnosis of PMVT was established in both patients based on abdominal Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT). The two patients received a combined therapy of subcutaneous (SC) heparinization and CDT using a trans-hepatic approach in case 1 and a trans-splenic approach in case 2. Subsequent post-procedure venograms and CECT were performed and showed significant thrombus resolution. Both patients received oral anticoagulant therapy upon discharge with a successful overall recovery. CONCLUSION: PMVT is an infrequent and severe post LSG complication. Various approaches for re-establishing the portal venous flow have been described according to the severity of venous thrombosis. This article describes CDT therapy as a safe and effective option for treating PMVT in symptomatic patients.

A lightweight neural network with multiscale feature enhancement for liver CT segmentation.

Segmentation of abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan is essential for analyzing, diagnosing, and treating visceral organ diseases (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma). This paper proposes a novel neural network (Res-PAC-UNet) that employs a fixed-width residual UNet backbone and Pyramid Atrous Convolutions, providing a low disk utilization method for precise liver CT segmentation. The proposed network is trained on medical segmentation decathlon dataset using a modified surface loss function. Additionally, we evaluate its quantitative and qualitative performance; the Res16-PAC-UNet achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.950 ± 0.019 with less than half a million parameters. Alternatively, the Res32-PAC-UNet obtains a Dice coefficient of 0.958 ± 0.015 with an acceptable parameter count of approximately 1.2 million.

Pancreaticoduodenal arcades as salvage route for transarterial embolization of life-threatening hepatic hemorrhage in patients with severe celiac axis stenosis: Case series.

INTRODUCTION: Various transarterial embolotherapies for different hepatic etiologies are performed through the celiac axis (CA). However, this pathway is not always patent due to the extensive stenosis or occlusion of the origin of CA. In such situations, the pancreaticoduodenal arcades (PDAs) catheterization is the main alternative to gain access to the hepatic arteries as demonstrated in clinical studies. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report two cases of life-threating hepatic hemorrhage indicated for emergency transarterial embolization (TAE). DISCUSSION: The massive hemorrhage was due to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the first case and due to post liver blunt trauma in the second case. Owing to severe stenosis of the origin of CA, PDAs were used as a salvage alternative route for emergency TAE of hepatic arteries. CONCLUSION: Endovascular management of massive hepatic hemorrhage in cases of inaccessibility to hepatic arteries through CA is a highly challenging situation in which the technical success depends on the operator experience, choice of the material and anatomical knowledge of hepatic arterial collateral supply.