Metabolomics approach for the identification of bioactive compounds released from young and mature soybean upon in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and their effect on health-related bioactive properties.

The aim of the present study was to comparatively investigate the relative phytochemical profiles (phenolic content, organic and amino acids, free sugars, and other metabolites using metabolomics approach), and bioactive potentials of young (YS) and mature soybean (MS) upon in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). Cumulatively, a total of 198 metabolites were identified in MS and YS, 119 metabolites in undigested YS, and a total of 136 metabolites in undigested MS, which further increased to 156 and 152 in YS and MS upon SGID, respectively. Gastric digesta of both YS and MS exhibited higher inhibitory properties towards α-amylase and DPP-IV enzymes than their intestinal digesta. Furthermore, the intestinal digesta of MS showed higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to the YS intestinal digesta. Overall, the results suggested that the gastrointestinal digestion of YS and MS displayed distinctive metabolic profiles together with varied bioactive potentials.

A comparative analysis of anti-lipidemic potential of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysates obtained from different ripening stages: Identification, and molecular interaction mechanisms of novel bioactive peptides.

This study aims to investigate the potentials of mature (MSPHs) and young (YSPHs) soybean enzymatic protein hydrolysates for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) and cholesterol esterase (C-Ease) enzymes. Higher proteins degradation levels were recorded with Bromelain compared to Flavourzyme and Alcalase, and upon hydrolysis, improved PL and C-Ease inhibition performances were displayed compared to unhydrolyzed proteins. Afterwards, six PHs with potent anti-lipidemic activities were selected for sequencing using LC-MS QTOF and molecular binding studies. Peptides FPFPRPPHQ, QCCAFEM, FAPEFLK from MSPHs and SFFFPFELPRE, FMYL, PFLL, FPLL, LPHF from YSPHs were predicted to possess potent inhibitory activities against PL. Furthermore, FPFPRPPHQ, FMYL, MMLM from MSPHs, and SFFFPFELPRE from YSPHs were predicted to be potent inhibitors of C-Ease. FPFPRPPHQ and SFFFPFELPRE derived from MSPHs and YSPHs, respectively, demonstrated effective inhibition potentialities against both PL and C-Ease. Therefore, mature and young soybean-derived protein hydrolysates could be recognized as a potential ingredient in the management of hypercholesterolemia.