Posterior shoulder dislocation in a 10-year-old child: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Shoulder dislocation is the most common type of all joints dislocations. It occurs when there is separation in the glenohumeral joint. Posterior dislocation accounts for less than 4% of all shoulder dislocations. In fact, it is misdiagnosed in 60-79% of the patients in the initial presentation. In children a posterior shoulder dislocation is usually caused by a congenital anomaly or in those who have ligamentous laxity. Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation without fracture of the proximal humeral epiphysis in children is very rare, and only few cases have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents a rare case of a 10-year-old child with a traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation without fracture. DISCUSSION: this patient present with a rare posterior dislocation, which is direct and without fracture. It does not present with a marked deformity and it is hard to detect without a complete physical examination and radiographic series. CONCLUSION: Posterior shoulder dislocations are rare, and even more rare in children without fractures. It is easily missed and needs careful history taking, physical exam and correct x-ray view to reach the diagnosis.

Bilateral pulmonary embolism after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism is a serious complication in orthopedic surgery. It is very common in major surgery, such as total hip arthroplasty. However, few reports have described the incidence of pulmonary embolism and its associated risk factors following less invasive surgery, such as arthroscopic knee surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a rare presentation of a young man with bilateral pulmonary embolism of the main pulmonary arteries following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. DISCUSSION: The present patient is different from other similar cases in that he was an active healthy man without any risk factors for the development of thrombosis. Despite this, he experienced a bilateral pulmonary embolism one week after knee arthroscopy. CONCLUSION: Although anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a common and safe procedure performed on a daily basis, unexpected complications may occur. One of these is venous thromboembolism which may be fatal.

A forgotten retained drain inside a knee for 10 years: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical drains are inserted into the wound after an arthroscopic knee procedure mainly to decrease fluid collection after the operation. The use of postoperative surgical drains remains controversial. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents a rare case of a forgotten retained drain that was accidentally found inside a knee 10 years after an arthroscopic procedure. The drain was removed without any complications. DISCUSSION: A retained and broken drain during removal is a very rare and preventable complication that can be stressful for both the patient and surgeon. Most of the literature supports that retained drains in the soft tissues do not affect long-term outcomes, but if the drain fragment is in the intra-articular area, it might cause complications. Furthermore, there are several preventive measures to avoid retained surgical drains. CONCLUSION: By reporting this case of a forgotten drain retained inside a knee for approximately 10 years, we aim to illustrate the potential risk of leaving a drain inside the joint following an arthroscopic procedure. Furthermore, we advise that surgeons maintain a high index of suspicion for iatrogenic complications when a patient continues to complain about unexplained pain at the surgical site.