ABSTRACT
Weight loss has substantial health benefits, but it is not risk-free. Various neurological disorders have been reported following bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. Here, we report 3 patients who developed multiple sclerosis (MS), one of whom also developed myasthenia gravis (MG), shortly after significant weight loss. Two patients lost weight by following a diet plan and one underwent bariatric surgery. There may be an association between significant weight loss and the development of an autoimmune neurological disorder such as MS or MG; a high index of suspicion is required.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/etiology , Myasthenia Gravis/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Weight Loss , Adolescent , Adult , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Caloric Restriction/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Multiple Sclerosis/pathology , Myasthenia Gravis/pathology , Postoperative Complications/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess psychiatrists' knowledge of and attitudes toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Saudi Arabia and to determine the contributing factors. METHODS: A quantitative observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. The sample consisted of 96 psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia. A new valid and reliable questionnaire was developed. RESULTS: A total of 96 psychiatrists enrolled in the study, 81% of whom were men. Half of the participants were consultants. The sample mainly consisted of general psychiatrists (65%). The mean age of the participants was 37 years. The results showed that 80% of the psychiatrists had a sufficient level of knowledge about rTMS. Consultants had greater knowledge than residents. Training abroad was not significantly associated with the level of knowledge or the type of attitude. Most psychiatrists (79%) had a positive attitude toward rTMS. Only 53% of the psychiatrists said they would agree to receive rTMS if they experienced a psychotic depressive condition. A minority of psychiatrists (7%) said they would not refer their patients for rTMS. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the psychiatrists surveyed had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward rTMS. Those who had a high level of training and experience showed higher levels of knowledge. Articles were reported to be a better source for improving physician knowledge than textbooks. Having a family member or relative who was treated with rTMS positively affected psychiatrists' attitudes toward rTMS.
