ABSTRACT
Since WHO has declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic, nearly seven million deaths have been reported. This efficient spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is facilitated by the ability of the spike glycoprotein to bind multiple cell membrane receptors. Although ACE2 is identified as the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2, other receptors could play a role in viral entry. Among others, C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN are identified as efficient trans-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, so the use of glycomimetics to inhibit the infection through the DC-SIGN blockade is an encouraging approach. In this regard, multivalent nanostructures based on glycosylated [60]fullerenes linked to a central porphyrin scaffold have been designed and tested against DC-SIGN-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection. First results show an outstanding inhibition of the trans-infection up to 90%. In addition, a deeper understanding of nanostructure-receptor binding is achieved through microscopy techniques, high-resolution NMR experiments, Quartz Crystal Microbalance experiments, and molecular dynamic simulations.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules , Fullerenes , Lectins, C-Type , Porphyrins , Receptors, Cell Surface , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors , COVID-19/virology , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Fullerenes/chemistry , Fullerenes/pharmacology , Lectins, C-Type/metabolism , Lectins, C-Type/antagonists & inhibitors , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , Porphyrins/chemistry , Porphyrins/pharmacology , Protein Binding , Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism , Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistryABSTRACT
El propósito de esta investigación fue establecer el perfil de morbilidad infecciosa en la población indígena ubicada en el departamento de Casanare durante los años 2010 a marzo de 2012. Se utilizaron datos registrados por las instituciones encargadas de su atención y los recolectados por la Secretaria de Salud de Yopal, clasificándolos por resguardo: Cano Mochuelo, Chaparral Barro Negro y Orocue. Los resultados mostraron que las enfermedades de tipo infeccioso prevalentes en las comunidades indígenas estudiadas son: diarrea con 702 casos, infección de vías respiratorias 570 casos y parasitismo intestinal 187 casos.
The purpose of this research was to establish the infectious disease profile of the indigenous population located in the Casanare department during the years 2010, 2011 and March 2012. We used data collected for the institutions in charge of the indigenous health care and gathered for the Yopal Department of health (Casanare, Colombia) classified by indigenous reservation: Cano Mochuelo, Chaparral Barro Negro and Orocue. The results showed that prevalent infectious diseases in the indigenous community are diarrhea, respiratory tract infection and intestinal parasitism with 702, 570 and 187 cases respectively.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infection Control , Morbidity , Dysentery , Health of Indigenous PeoplesABSTRACT
The distinction between IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), asymptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM; aWM), and symptomatic WM (sWM) relies on two features: the presence of infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in the bone marrow (BM) biopsy and the existence of signs or symptoms attributable to the disease. Nevertheless, some patients lack a BM biopsy or it is not conclusive for diagnosis. In this study we have investigated 94 patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathies, in which a BM trephine biopsy and morphological and flow cytometry (FCM) evaluation of BM aspirate were available at diagnosis. We found a clear correlation between BM infiltration of B-lymphocytes assessed by morphology and by FCM with a Pearson correlation of 0.62 (P<.001). Moreover, in the absence of a BM trephine biopsy, the cut-off points that would help in the differential diagnosis between MGUS, aWM, and sWM would be 20% for morphology and 5% for FCM, both assessed in the BM aspirate.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Flow Cytometry/methods , Immunoglobulin M/immunology , Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance/diagnosis , Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/diagnosis , B-Lymphocytes/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance/immunology , Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance/pathology , Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/immunology , Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/pathologyABSTRACT
Cohesion is the most popular of several relationship constructs in the clinical and empirical group therapy literature. This article reviews the most frequently cited definitions and studied measures of group cohesion. We briefly introduce a new measure, the Group Questionnaire, which elucidates group relationships by suggesting two latent factors of cohesion-relationship quality (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) and structure factors (member-leader and member-member). To further understand the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationship between cohesion and treatment outcome in 40 studies. Results indicate cohesion that the weighted aggregate correlation was statistically significant with outcome r = .25, k (40), N (3,323), z = 6.54 (p < .05) with a 95% confidence interval of .17 to .32. In addition, five moderator variables were found to significantly predict the magnitude of the cohesion outcome correlation (age, theoretical orientation, length, and size of group, as well as interventions intended to enhance cohesion). Consideration of measures and practices to improve treatment outcome are highlighted.
