El ligando CD40 soluble: marcador potencial de riesgo cardiovascular / Soluble CD40 ligand: a potencial marker of cardiovascular risk

El ligando CD40 soluble, también denominado CD145 o gp 39, es un complejo formado por una proteína transmembrana estructural y una molécula soluble de adherencia tisular. Se expresa en los linfocitos y las plaquetas activadas y constituye el nexo entre el sistema inflamatorio y los procesos trombóticos vasculares. Su gen se localiza en el brazo largo del cromosoma X humano. Pertenece a la familia del factor de necrosis tumoral. La evaluación de la placa aterosclerótica fija residual es insuficiente para predecir la evolución clínica. Actualmente, ya se han realizado estudios demostrando la participación del sistema inmuno-inflamatorio en la génesis y las complicaciones del proceso aterosclerótico. En el futuro, los biomarcadores más específicos de vulnerabilidad serán de gran utilidad en la práctica cotidiana (interleucinas, CD40, etc.). El ligando CD40 soluble y su receptor CD40 están sobreexpresados en las lesiones ateroscleróticas, lo que conduce a un incremento de los mediadores del desarrollo de la placa de ateroma, y ambos contribuyen de manera importante al proceso inflamatorio que conduce a la aterosclerosis y a la trombosis

Recombinant human soluble CD40 ligand, also named CD145 or gp 39, is a 16.3 kD glycoprotein containing 149 aa residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40 ligand. It is expressed on antigen-presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells and it constitutes the nexus between the inflammatory system and the vascular thrombotic processes. Its gene is located in the long arm of the human X chromosome. Prognostic evaluation of the residual fixed atherosclerotic plaque is insufficient to predict clinical course. Currently, studies have been done that demonstrate the participation of the immunoinflammatory system in the genesis and complications of the atherosclerotic condition. In the future, the most specific biomarkers of vulnerability will be very useful in the daily practice (interleukins, CD40, etc.). The soluble CD40 ligand together with its CD40 receptor are overexpressed in experimental and human atherosclerotic lesions. This leads to an increase of mediators for the development of atherosclerosis. Both significantly contribute to the inflammatory processes that leads to atherosclerosis and thrombosis

[Soluble CD40 ligand: a potential marker of cardiovascular risk]. / El ligando CD40 soluble: marcador potencial de riesgo cardiovascular.

Recombinant human soluble CD40 ligand, also named CD145 or gp 39, is a 16.3 kD glycoprotein containing 149 aa residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40 ligand. It is expressed on antigen-presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells and it constitutes the nexus between the inflammatory system and the vascular thrombotic processes. Its gene is located in the long arm of the human X chromosome. Prognostic evaluation of the residual fixed atherosclerotic plaque is insufficient to predict clinical course. Currently, studies have been done that demonstrate the participation of the immunoinflammatory system in the genesis and complications of the atherosclerotic condition. In the future, the most specific biomarkers of vulnerability will be very useful in the daily practice (interleukins, CD40, etc.). The soluble CD40 ligand together with its CD40 receptor are overexpressed in experimental and human atherosclerotic lesions. This leads to an increase of mediators for the development of atherosclerosis. Both significantly contribute to the inflammatory processes that leads to atherosclerosis and thrombosis.

Comparación de tres métodos cuantitativos para la determinación de proteínas totales en orina / A comparison of three methods for quantitative determination of total urine protein

Ante la falta de un método de referencia para la cuantificación de proteínas en orina, el objetivo de este trabajo es comparar las distintas metodologías existentes en nuestro Hospital. En nuestro Hospital las muestras con petición de análisis sistemático de orina son analizadas mediante un método semi-cuantitativo de tira reactiva y, en caso de resultado positivo, se efectúa su cuantificación por turbidimetría en el Laboratorio Central y en el Laboratorio de Urgencias por una metodología de unión a colorantes. Además, la determinación de proteínas especificas (albúmina, transferrina e inmunoglobulina G) se realiza mediante nefelometría cinética. En nuestro estudio hemos determinado proteínas totales en 103 muestras de orina positivas en la tira reactiva. Para la comparación de métodos se ha considerado como el más cercano al de referencia el de unión a colorantes. Los resultados obtenidos han sido discrepantes con diferencias constantes y proporcionales y coeficientes de correlación no superiores a 0,8. El conocimiento de estas diferencias nos lleva a la necesidad de profundizar en casos clínicos (AU)

Several methodologies for determination of total urine protein are frequently used in a Clinical Chemistry Laboratory this problem, increased by the lack of an established reference method, could induce confusion in both analysts and clinicians. In this study, urine samples with a positive result for total protein by an automated test strip were analyzed by a quantitative turbidimetric method and by a quantitative dye-binding essay in routine and urgent work, respectively. By the other way, albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulin G were quantified in the same specimens using a cinetic nephelometry method. All protein determinations were performed in 103 consecutive urine sample. The Kodak 250 essay [a dye-binding based assay] was considered as 'gold standard' for method comparison. Statistical differences were found for both y-intercept and siope in regression analysis [Hitachi 917 vs Kodak 250, and Immage vs Kodak 250). The correlation coefficients [r] values were less than 0.8. The knowledge of these differences should carry out to perform alternative methodologies when discrepant/unexpected values were obtained or when further clinical study was necessary (AU)