Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy versus open donor nephrectomy: Outcomes from a single transplant center. / Nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo en comparación con nefrectomía abierta del donante vivo.

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is currently replacing open donor nephrectomy (ODN) across the world. Its advantages in terms of patient recovery are well known. We sought to compare surgical outcomes, particularly renal function during the post-nephrectomy period, for renal grafts procured by LDN versus ODN in our center. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all cases of living donor nephrectomies performed from 2004 to 2014 at Hospital Universitario La Paz. We compared demographic data; medical background, operative times, post-operative complications, and renal function follow up at 6, 12 and 18-month controls. RESULTS: A total of 114 living donor nephrectomies were performed: 85 LDN and 29 ODN. Demographic characteristics and medical background were similar among both groups, except mean donor age; 41.4 vs 47.4 years (p = 0.009) in the LDN and ODN groups respectively. LDN was used predominantly for left kidneys (83 out of 85), and ODN for right kidneys (28 out of 29). Although not significantly, mean operative time was shorter for the LDN group (169.37 vs 181.46 minutes; p = 0.2). Mean warm ischemia time was shorter for the ODN group (2.92 vs 2.36 minutes; p = 0.28). Differences between post-operative complications were not statistically different between both groups (p = 0.19). There were no conversions from LDN to ODN, and no re-admissions were registered. Length of stay was slightly shorter in LDN but not different (4.29 vs 4.92 days; p = 0.43). Renal function follow-up, measured with serum creatinine levels showed no difference over time (p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Data from our series demonstrate that outcomes and renal function follow up over time were similar among both groups. In expert hands, this altruistic procedure can be performed with a minimally invasive approach without an increased complication rate or compromising renal function in donors.

OBJETIVOS: La nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo (NLDV) está reemplazando actualmente a la nefrectomía abierta (NADV) en todo el mundo. Sus ventajas en términos de recuperación del paciente son bien conocidas. Comparamos los resultados quirúrgicos, particularmente función renal durante el periodo postnefrectomía, para los injertos obtenidos en nuestro centro por NLDV o NADV. MÉTODOS: Analizamos retrospectivamente todos los casos de nefrectomía del donante vivo realizados entre 2004 y 2014 en el Hospital Universitario La Paz. Comparamos los datos demográficos, antecedentes médicos, tiempo operatorio, complicaciones postoperatorias y funcion renal a los 6, 12 y 18 meses de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Se han realizado un total de 114 nefrectomías del donante vivo: 85 NLDV y 29 NADV. Las características demográficas y antecedentes médicos eran similares entre ambos grupos, excepto la edad media del donante: 41,4 vs 47,4 años (p = 0,009) en los grupos de NLDV y NADV, respectivamente. La NLDV se utilizó preferentemente para riñones izquierdos (83 de 85) y la NADV para los riñones derechos (28 de 29). Aunque no fue significativo, el tiempo medio de operación del grupo de NLDV fue menor que el de NADV (169,37 vs 181,46 minutos; p = 0,2). El tiempo medio de isquemia caliente era menor en el grupo de NADV (2,92 vs 2,36 minutos; p = 0,28). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las complicaciones postoperatorias entre ambos grupos (p=0,19). No hubo conversión a cirugía abierta en ninguna NLDV y no se registró ningún reingreso. La estancia hospitalaria fue ligeramente menor en la NLDV pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (4,29 vs 4,92 días; p = 0,43). La función renal en el seguimiento, medida con los niveles de creatinina sérica no mostró diferencias con el tiempo (p = 0,67). CONCLUSIONES: Los datos de nuestra serie demuestran que los resultados y función renal en el seguimiento eran similares entre ambos grupos. En manos expertas, este procedimiento altruista puede ser realizado con un abordaje mínimamente invasivo sin aumento de la tasa de complicaciones o compromiso de la función renal del donante.

Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy versus open donor nephrectomy: outcomes from a single transplant center / Nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo en comparación con nefrectomía abierta del donante vivo

Objectives: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is currently replacing open donor nephrectomy (ODN) across the world. Its advantages in terms of patient recovery are well known. We sought to compare surgical outcomes, particularly renal function during the post-nephrectomy period, for renal grafts procured by LDN versus ODN in our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all cases of living donor nephrectomies performed from 2004 to 2014 at Hospital Universitario La Paz. We compared demographic data; medical background, operative times, post-operative complications, and renal function follow up at 6, 12 and 18-month controls. Results: A total of 114 living donor nephrectomies were performed: 85 LDN and 29 ODN. Demographic characteristics and medical background were similar among both groups, except mean donor age; 41.4 vs 47.4 years (p=0.009) in the LDN and ODN groups respectively. LDN was used predominantly for left kidneys (83 out of 85), and ODN for right kidneys (28 out of 29). Although not significantly, mean operative time was shorter for the LDN group (169.37 vs 181.46 minutes; p=0.2). Mean warm ischemia time was shorter for the ODN group (2.92 vs 2.36 minutes; p=0.28). Differences between post-operative complications were not statistically different between both groups (p=0.19). There were no conversions from LDN to ODN, and no re-admissions were registered. Length of stay was slightly shorter in LDN but not different (4.29 vs 4.92 days; p=0.43). Renal function follow-up, measured with serum creatinine levels showed no difference over time (p=0.67). Conclusions: Data from our series demonstrate that outcomes and renal function follow up over time were similar among both groups. In expert hands, this altruistic procedure can be performed with a minimally invasive approach without an increased complication rate or compromising renal function in donors

Objetivos: La nefrectomía laparoscópica del donante vivo (NLDV) está reemplazando actualmente a la nefrectomía abierta (NADV) en todo el mundo. Sus ventajas en términos de recuperación del paciente son bien conocidas. Comparamos los resultados quirúrgicos, particularmente función renal durante el periodo postnefrectomía, para los injertos obtenidos en nuestro centro por NLDV o NADV. Métodos: Analizamos retrospectivamente todos los casos de nefrectomía del donante vivo realizados entre 2004 y 2014 en el Hospital Universitario La Paz. Comparamos los datos demográficos, antecedentes médicos, tiempo operatorio, complicaciones postoperatorias y funcion renal a los 6, 12 y 18 meses de seguimiento. Resultados: Se han realizado un total de 114 nefrectomías del donante vivo: 85 NLDV y 29 NADV. Las características demográficas y antecedentes médicos eran similares entre ambos grupos, excepto la edad media del donante: 41,4 vs 47,4 años (p = 0,009) en los grupos de NLDV y NADV, respectivamente. La NLDV se utilizó preferentemente para riñones izquierdos (83 de 85) y la NADV para los riñones derechos (28 de 29). Aunque no fue significativo, el tiempo medio de operación del grupo de NLDV fue menor que el de NADV (169,37 vs 181,46 minutos; p = 0,2). El tiempo medio de isquemia caliente era menor en el grupo de NADV (2,92 vs 2,36 minutos; p = 0,28). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las complicaciones postoperatorias entre ambos grupos (p=0,19). No hubo conversión a cirugía abierta en ninguna NLDV y no se registró ningún reingreso. La estancia hospitalaria fue ligeramente menor en la NLDV pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (4,29 vs 4,92 días; p = 0,43). La función renal en el seguimiento, medida con los niveles de creatinina sérica no mostró diferencias con el tiempo (p = 0,67). Conclusiones: Los datos de nuestra serie demuestran que los resultados y función renal en el seguimiento eran similares entre ambos grupos. En manos expertas, este procedimiento altruista puede ser realizado con un abordaje mínimamente invasivo sin aumento de la tasa de complicaciones o compromiso de la función renal del donante

Maintenance Therapy with 3-monthly Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for 3 Years is Not Superior to Standard Induction Therapy in High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma: Final Results of Randomised CUETO Study 98013.

BACKGROUND: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) maintenance therapy for 3 yr following BCG induction can reduce the progression of urothelial bladder carcinoma versus BCG induction alone, but is associated with high toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a modified 3-yr BCG maintenance regimen following induction therapy is more effective than standard BCG induction therapy alone and exhibits a low toxicity profile. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients from the outpatient clinics of the participating centres with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) were randomised between October 1999 and April 2007. INTERVENTION: Participants received BCG induction once-weekly for 6 wk (no maintenance arm) or BCG induction followed by one BCG instillation every 3 mo for 3 yr (maintenance arm). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Primary endpoints were disease-free interval (DFI) and time to progression (TTP). Secondary endpoints included survival duration and toxicity. Differences between treatment arms were tested using Student's t test and χ(2) and log-rank tests. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 397 patients were randomised, 195 to the no-maintenance and 202 to the maintenance arm. A median time to recurrence was not reached in either treatment arm. DFI was similar between the arms (hazard ration [HR] 0.83; 95% CI 0.61-1.13; p=0.2) with disease relapse at 5 yr of 33.5% and 38.5%, respectively. TTP was also similar between the treatment arms (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.50-1.26; p=0.3), with a progression rate at 5 yr of 16% and 19.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups for overall survival and cancer-specific survival at 5 yr. Twenty and five patients in the maintenance and no-maintenance arms, respectively, stopped treatment because of toxicity. The most common local side effects were frequency (65% of patients), dysuria (63%), and haematuria (43%); the most frequent systemic side effects were general malaise (7.2%) and fever (34%). CONCLUSIONS: In NMIBC patients treated with maintenance therapy comprising a single BCG instillation every 3 mo for 3 yr following standard induction BCG, we did not observe a decrease in recurrence and progression rates versus induction therapy alone. PATIENT SUMMARY: Patients who undergo surgery to remove bladder cancer are usually treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for 6 wk if there is a high risk of disease recurrence. Extending BCG therapy by 3 yr can further minimise disease recurrence and progression, but is associated with more side effects. We report that a modified 3-yr BCG treatment regimen showed low toxicity, but seemed to be no more effective than 6-wk treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CUETO 98013.

Simultaneous Cystectomy and Nephroureterectomy due to Synchronous Upper Urinary Tract Tumors and Invasive Bladder Cancer: Open and Laparoscopic Approaches.

INTRODUCTION: It is not unusual for bladder tumors to appear following transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT), with involvement of the UUT, following invasive bladder cancer, being less common. The synchronous presence of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and of the UTT is exceptional. METHODS: Fifteen simultaneous cystectomies with nephroureterectomies were performed due to synchronous UUT and invasive bladder cancers (1997-2009). Surgery was performed using an open approach in 10 patients, while the last 5 procedures were performed laparoscopically. RESULTS: The mean age was 68.7 years. Mean surgery time was 348.6 minutes. Mean blood loss was 816 ml. Acute renal failure was the most frequent postoperative complication being present in 5 patients (33%). There was 1 case of a leak in the ureter-intestinal anastomosis (open approach), which required placement of a left-sided percutaneous nephrostomy. There were 2 cases of postoperative mortality, both in the open approach series and with intestinal neobladder. Mean follow-up time for the whole series was 21.25 months. Eight cases experienced metastatic progression of the disease (mean follow-up 17 months). CONCLUSION: Though multi-site studies with longer follow-up and a greater numbers of patients are needed, the moment at which urothelial tumors appear seems to influence their prognosis, with lower survival rates for tumors that synchronically appear.