ABSTRACT
Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron adaptar al castellano y examinar la validez de constructo del Cuestionario de Relación Entrenador-Deportista (CART-Q). Compusieron la muestra 162 deportistas(43.2% mujeres), especialistas de varias modalidades, con edades comprendidas entre los16 y los 59 años (M= 26.41,d.t. = 8.98).Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio que reveló una estructura trifactorial, con adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste (GFI: .951,CFI: .890,TLI: .952)y error (RMSEA: .078,RMR: .067).En cuanto a las diferencias de género y nivel, se observó una interacción: las mujeres profesionales se mostraron significativamente más cercanas con sus entrenadores que el resto de participantes. Los resultados apoyan el uso del instrumento en el contexto de las relaciones deportivas hispanoparlantes. Se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las diferencias de género y nivel encontradas para mejorar la satisfacción de deportistas. (AU)
The aims of the present study were to adapt into Spanish and examine the construct validity of the Coach-Sport Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). A total of 162 sports(wo)men (43.2% women), players of differente sports, were between 16 and 59 years old (M = 26.41, SD = 8.98), made up the sample. A confirmatory factorial analysis, revealed a trifactorial structure. Indexes of goodness-of-fit (GFI: .951; CFI: .890; TLI: .952 and error (RMSEA: .078; RMR: .067) were adequate. Regarding gender and level differences, professional sportswomen were significantly closer to their coaches than the rest of the participants. Results support the use of the instrument in the context of Spanish-speaking sport relationships. Gender and level differences need to be taken into account for the improvement of athletes relational satisfaction. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Athletes , Interpersonal Relations , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
El árbitro de fútbol se enfrenta a situaciones estresantes durante la competición deportiva mientras que lleva a cabo acciones físicas de gran exigencia para estar cerca de la jugada que conlleva una demanda fisiológica elevada. Los objetivos de este estudio son conocer las diferentes respuestas físicas, fisiológicas y psicológicas y sus interrelaciones en competición real en árbitros de fútbol amateurs y analizar el efecto de la categoría arbitrada con las características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento. Participaron 15 árbitros pertenecientes al Comité Andaluz de Árbitros de Fútbol y se recogieron datos en 21 partidos de sus correspondientes ligas durante la temporada 2016-2017. Los resultados indicaron que los árbitros tienen una respuesta fisiológica menor en la segunda parte del partido, poseen mayor ansiedad somática y menor autoconfianza, control del estrés, motivación, habilidad mental y cohesión de equipo en los partidos de competición en comparación con la muestra basal (p < .05). Existen diversas correlaciones psico-fisiológicas entre el control del estrés con frecuencia cardíaca menor al 80% (positiva) y con frecuencia cardíaca superior al 80% (negativa) (p < .05). Como conclusión, el árbitro de fútbol amateur se expone a situaciones de estrés, el cual, el control de ésta, guarda relación con las respuestas fisiológicas producidas en competición, de forma que los árbitros con menor control del estrés desarrollan más respuestas fisiológicas en competición, lo que puede provocar tomar decisiones con un grado elevado de fatiga. Estos hallazgos pueden aconsejar al árbitro de fútbol complementar los entrenamientos con programas de intervención psicológicos para aumentar el control del estrés.(AU)
O árbitro de futebol enfrenta situações estressantes durante a competição esportiva enquanto realiza ações físicas de grande exigência para estar perto do jogo que implica uma demanda fisiológica elevada. Os objetivos deste estudo são conhecer as diferentes respostas físicas, fisiológicas e psicológicas e suas inter-relações em competição real em árbitros de futebol amadores e analisar o efeito da categoria arbitrada com as características psicológicas relacionadas com o desempenho. Participaram 15 árbitros pertencentes ao Comité Andaluz de Árbitros de Futebol e foram recolhidos dados em 21 jogos das suas ligas durante a temporada 2016-2017. Os resultados indicaram que os árbitros têm uma resposta fisiológica menor na segunda parte do partido, possuem maior ansiedade somática e menor autoconfiança, controle do estresse, motivação, capacidade mental e coesão de equipa nos jogos de competição em comparação com a amostra basal (p < .05). Existem diversas correlações psico-fisiológicas entre o controle do estresse com freqüência cardíaca inferior a 80% (positiva) e com freqüência cardíaca superior a 80% (negativa) (p < .05). Em conclusão, o árbitro de futebol amador expõe-se a situações de stress que, sob o seu controlo, estão relacionadas com as respostas fisiológicas produzidas em competição, de forma que os árbitros com menor controle do estresse desenvolvem mais respostas fisiológicas em competição, o que pode provocar decisões com um elevado grau de fadiga. Estes achados podem aconselhar o árbitro de futebol a complementar os treinos com programas de intervenção psicológicos para aumentar o controle do estresse.(AU)
The football referee faces stressful situations during the sports competition while performing physical actions of great demand to be close to the play that entails a high physiological demand. The objectives of this study are to know the different physical responses, physiological and psychological and their interrelationships in real competition in amateur football referees and analyze the effect of the referee category with the psychological characteristics related to performance. 15 referees from the Andalusian Committee of Football Referees participated and data were collected in 21 matches of their respective leagues during the 2016-2017 season. The results indicated that the referees have a lower physiological response in the second part of the game, have greater somatic anxiety and lower self-confidence, stress control, motivation, mental ability and team cohesion in competition matches compared to baseline (p < .05). There are several psycho-physiological correlations between stress control with heart rate less than 80% (positive) and heart rate greater than 80% (negative) (p < .05). In conclusion, the amateur football referee is exposed to situations of stress, which, control of this, is related to physiological responses produced in competition, so that referees with less stress control develop more physiological responses in competition, which can lead to decisions with a high degree of fatigue. These findings may advise the football referee to supplement training with psychological intervention programs to increase stress control.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Physical Functional Performance , Soccer , Anxiety , Psychophysiology , Stress, Psychological , Motivation , Trust , Psychology, Sports , Sports MedicineABSTRACT
The soccer referee confronts stressful situations during the sports competition while performing physical actions of great demand to be close to the play that entails a high physiological demand. The aims of this study are to know the different physical, physiological and psychological responses and their interrelations in real competition in amateur soccer referees and to analyze the effect of the refereed category with the psychological characteristics related to performance. Fifteen referees belonging to the Andalusian Committee of Soccer Referees participated and data were collected in 21 matches of their respective leagues during the 2016-2017 season. The results indicated that the referees have a minor physiological response in the second part of the match, have greater somatic anxiety and lower self-confidence, stress control, motivation, mental ability and team cohesion in competitive matches compared to the baseline sample (p < .05). There are several psycho-physiological correlations between stress control with heart rate less than 80% (positive) and heart rate greater than 80% (negative) (p < .05). In conclusion, the amateur soccer referee is exposed to stress situations, which, the control of it, is related to the physiological responses produced in competition, so that referees with less stress control develop more physiological responses in competition, which can cause decisions with a high degree of fatigue. These findings may advise the soccer referee to supplement training with psychological intervention programs to increase stress control.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Soccer , Track and Field , Physiology , Negotiating , Psychology , Anxiety , Psychology, SportsABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio consistió en la elaboración de un instrumento de evaluación que identificara las principales fuentes de estrés en los árbitros de fútbol españoles, y que posibilitara la identificación de individuos con niveles elevados de estrés en este tipo de población. El Cuestionario de Estrés de Árbitros de Fútbol (CEAF) se desarrolló a partir de una muestra de 138 árbitros, y el análisis de componentes principales con rotación varimax produjo una solución de 5 factores que explicaban el 65.7% de la varianza. La versión definitiva del cuestionario obtuvo un aIpha de Cronbach de 0.88. Los estresores más importantes se relacionaban con la competencia arbitral percibida y con la evaluación que el árbitro recibe del informador en los partidos
The aim of the present study was to elaborate a self-report questionnaire to identify Spanish soccer referees' sources of stress and to provide a tool for the detection of referees with high levels of stress. The Soccer Referee Stress Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 138 referees, and a principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed a S-factor solution that accounted for 65.7% of the variance. The final version of the test had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. The most important sources of stress were related to the referee's perceived competence and, to the referee-supervisor's rating ofmatches
Subject(s)
Anxiety/diagnosis , Soccer/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/classification , Surveys and Questionnaires , Personality InventoryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of a brief psychosocial intervention for somatizing patients in the Primary Care setting and its potential effects on these patients' quality of life. DESIGN: Prospective series of 12 cases, with pre and post-intervention analyses.Setting. Three general practices of the Basque Health Service. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 12 patients, between 18 and 65 years-old, complaining about at least six medically unexplained symptoms for female patients or at least four for male patients. Intervention and measurement. DEPENAS intervention was carried out: Detection- Explanation-Plan-Exploration- Normalization-Action-Follow-up. Differences between before- and after-intervention health-related quality of life (SF-36) were compared and group interviews were held with the three collaborator general practitioners. RESULTS: Overall quality of life improvement was estimated in 8 points (SD, 13.4; P =.073). Intra-GP correlation coefficients, necessary for estimate the size of the clinical trial, were null for five scales, and 0.058, 0.098 and 0.28 for the other three scales. Group interviews showed that DEPENAS bio-psycho-social intervention is acceptable for general practitioners and that there was a high risk of contamination when the same doctor simultaneously treated some patients and not others. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement seen after the intervention, although not totally attributable to it due to the lack of a control group, justify the need of conducting a clinical controlled trial randomised by GPs to avoid contamination.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Somatoform Disorders/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Psychotherapy, Brief , Quality of Life , Regression Analysis , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objetivo. Investigar la factibilidad de una intervención biopsicosocial breve para somatizadores, realizada por su médico de familia, y estimar su potencial efecto sobre la calidad de vida. Diseño. Serie prospectiva de 12 casos analizados antes y después de la intervención, y estudio cualitativo de la percepción de los médicos. Ámbito del estudio. Tres consultas de medicina de familia de Osakidetza/Servicio Vasco de Salud. Pacientes. Muestra consecutiva de 12 pacientes, de entre 18 y 65 años, con 6 o más síntomas carentes de explicación médica en mujeres, y 4 o más en varones. Intervención y mediciones. Se realizó la intervención DEPENAS (detección( explicación tangible-plan-exploración normalización- acción-seguimiento). Se analizaron los cambios en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (SF-36) y se realizaron entrevistas grupales con los tres médicos colaboradores. Resultados. La mejoría global en calidad de vida se estimó en 8 puntos (DE, 13,4; p = 0,073), considerada de rango moderado por los autores del SF-36. La correlación intramédico, necesaria para calcular el tamaño del estudio definitivo, fue nula para 5 escalas, y de 0,058, 0,098 y 0,28 para las restantes. La intervención es asumible por los médicos de familia, pero existe alto riesgo de contaminación cuando el mismo médico la realiza con unos pacientes y no con otros. Conclusiones. La mejoría observada tras la intervención, aunque no podemos atribuirla a ésta al carecer de un grupo control, justifica la necesidad de realizar un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado por médicos para evitar la posible contaminación (AU)
