ABSTRACT
Treadmills are utilized as a training tool to improve aerobic fitness, but precise understanding of intensity and the corresponding physiological strain is critical for optimizing exercise prescription and associated adaptations. Running on non-motorized, curved treadmills may result in greater oxygen uptake (VO2), increased heart rate (HR), and increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to traditional motorized treadmills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses on non-motorized versus traditional motorized treadmills during speed-matched running. Participants were 4 college-aged, recreationally active females. HR, VO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and RPE were monitored during 3 speed-matched stages of incremental exercise in two conditions: the non-motorized Assault AirRunner and a traditional motorized treadmill, as well as for 5 minutes post-exercise. VO2, RER, and HR were greater in the Assault condition (ESVO2 = 0.998, ESRER = 0.839, ESHR = 0.972, p < 0.05). While not significant between groups, RPE showed a greater increase with increasing speeds in the Assault condition (ES = 0.728), as did RER (ES = 0.800, p < 0.05). Cumulative excess-post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) during a five-minute period post-exercise was also greater in the Assault condition, and HR and RER remained higher five minutes post-exercise in the Assault condition (ESEPOC = 0.738, ESHR = 1.600, ESRER = 2.075, p < 0.05). The Assault AirRunner elicited greater physiological responses (VO2, carbohydrate usage, and HR) in response to speed-matched running in comparison to a traditional motorized treadmill in active college-aged females. Collectively, aerobic exercise conducted on the Assault AirRunner has a greater physiological and perceived intensity and need to be taken into consideration when designing and implementing training programs or testing.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: determinar el grado de uso de los protocolos y los factores que dificultan su uso en el Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Diseño: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Lugar y fecha: Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Lima-Perú. 1ro de junio al 30 de agosto del 2003. Población: médicos asistentes del departamento de Medicina Interna, incluimos médicos residentes de Medicina Interna de tercer año. Método: se entrevistaron a 26 médicos de los 6 servicios del Departamento de Medicina Interna. Se les asignó un código de identificación a cada médico para corroborar posteriormente el uso de los protocolos revisando las historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados en el periodo de estudio. Mediante técnicas de selección aleatoria simple, se escogieron las historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados en sus servicios. Para fines clasificatorios, se consideró que el médico usaba protocolo cuando incluía 3 o más ítems descritos en el diagnóstico y/o tratamiento; que lo usaba ocasionalmente, cuando tomaba en cuenta entre 1 y 2 ítems y que no lo usaba cuando no consideraba ningún ítem. Se utilizó un cuestionario de entrevistas con preguntas cerradas y semiabiertas donde se recogió datos del perfil del profesional, si usa o no los protocolos y cuáles son las razones porque los deja de lado. Se consolidaron tablas de frecuencia absoluta y relativa, se encontraron promedios, proporciones, mediana, moda, desviación estándar y se aplicó X al cuadrado para dos muestras relacionadas, con 2 grados de libertas. Se consideró significativo p<0.05. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el software SPSS versión 10.0. Resultados: el grado de utilización de los protocolos en el Departamento de Medicina Interna fue de 3.84%. Las cuatro causas principales asociadas a la baja utilización de los mismos, fueron: a. No se discutieron adecuadamente (16.90%); b. No disponen del manual de protocolos (16.90%).
Objective: to determine the use of clinical protocols and the factors that hinder their use in the Department of Internal Medicine at Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Design: a crossover, descriptive, observational study. Place and date: Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima Peru, from June 1st to August 30th, 2003. Population: physicians of Internal Medicine Department, senior medical residents of Internal Medicine were included. Method: we interviewed 26 physicians. All of them belong to Department of Internal Medicine. They were assigned with an identification code to check the use of protocols. We reviewed the admitted patients clinical record are that period to study. The internists were classified as protocol; occasional users if they considered 1 or 2 item and no-users when they didn´t consider any items. We use an interview questionnaire with closed and half-open questions. We picked up date of the professionals profile and the main factors why internists does not use protocols. We determinate absolute and relative frequency, averages, proportions, medium, median, standard deviations, applying the X2 for two related samples. It was considered significant P<0.05. In order to analyze data the SPSS version 10.0 software was used. Results: the protocols users in the department of Internal Medicine were 3.84%. The four main reasons why physicians do not follow protocols were: a. Protocols were not discussed enough (16.91%), B. Physicians don't have the protocols manuals. (16.90%), c. protocols were not updated (11.26%), d. The patients precarious economy situation doesn´t allow its use (11.265). Other less frequent causes were: Protocols were not based on evidences and they are too much rigorous. Conclusions. The internists of the Department of Internal Medicine don't use the protocols because they were not approved them in consensus and they don't have the protocol's manual. The younger internists and the shot time of work had significant statistically.
