Translation and adaptation of the Arabic version of the injustice experience questionnaire in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to (1) translate the short version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ-SF) from English to Arabic and (2) test the validity and reliability of the translated Arabic version of the IEQ-SF. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study in which the original English version of the IEQ-SF was translated into Arabic was conducted in accordance with Beaton's translation process. Internal consistency, reproducibility (retest within 5 days), and validity of the translated Arabic version of the IEQ-SF were tested in Arabic-speaking participants (n = 20). Individuals with chronic pain (n = 99) completed the Arabic versions of the IEQ-SF and the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) from June to August 2021. The main analyses included Cronbach's alpha (α), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and Spearman's rank correlations (ρ). RESULTS: The internal consistency (α = 0.74) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.88, 0.83-0.92 95% CI) for the translated Arabic version of IEQ-SF were high. There was also a high correlation between the translated Arabic version of the IEQ-SF and different health-related questionnaires such as the MSK-HQ (ρ = -0.738; p < 0.001), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (ρ = 0.701-0.791; all, p < 0.001), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (ρ = 0.762; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Arabic version of the IEQ-SF demonstrated high reliability and validity and would be useful for clinicians and researchers studying Arabic-speaking individuals with chronic pain.

Evaluation of depression symptoms and depression literacy among medical students: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Mental health plays an important role in educational performance. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between depression symptoms, depression literacy, and quality of life in undergraduate and postgraduate medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 in Riyadh with 263 medical students. Data were obtained using three different sets of questionnaires (a demographic section, the Depression Literacy Scale, and a quality-of-life questionnaire). RESULTS: In total, 134 men (51%) and 129 women (49%) participated in the study; out of these, 142 participants reported depression, while 109 individuals reported family-related depression. Only 25% of the participants attended depression seminars and workshops in the last year, while 83% felt that depression was an illness. Students with a family history of depression also reported higher levels of depression. Depression was lowest among students who attended depression management seminars or workshops. Marital status did not affect depression among medical students. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that depression is widespread among medical students and that counseling and frequent depression assessments are required. There is a need for greater awareness of different aspects of depression among medical students, parents, and medical educators. Health education programs and interventions targeting mental health care can be implemented at the individual, family, and community levels.