ABSTRACT
Aim: The Saudi Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (SOHAR) is the first out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registry in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of OHCA in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The SOHAR is a prospective data collection system. Data were collected monthly from defined regions, and registry measured variables were adopted from the Utstein recommendations. Results: During the period from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2022, 3671 patients were included in the registry. The mean age was 62 years, and 6.5% (240) of patients were under the age of 18 years. The most common cause of OHCA was medical 3439 (93.6%). A total of 641 (17.4%) and 129 (3.9%) had presumed cardiac and respiratory causes. Additionally, most OHCA in Saudi Arabia (3034, 82.6%) occurred at home. Prehospital Return Of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) was achieved in 275 (7.4%) cases, and 491 (13.3%) patients were pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital. Survival to hospital discharge was achieved in 107 (2.9%) of the cases, and good neurological outcomes, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) of 1-3, occurred in < 0.5% of patients. Conclusion: The Saudi out-of-hospital ROSC was 7.4%. The survival to hospital discharge rate was 2.9%, and less than 1% of patients were discharged with good neurological outcomes. Further research and the continuation of registry data collection is highly recommended. Additionally, a national-level out-of-hospital cardiac arrest system is recommended to ensure the standardization of medical care provided to patients with OHCA.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Inadequate production of Insulin can lead to a complex metabolic disorder named Diabetes Mellitus that is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is leading metabolic disease that causes major disability and increased death-rate world-wide. Diabetes can cause neuropathy, blindness, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, increased risk of stroke, and renal diseases. Since the management of diabetes mellitus is complex, the reliance of some patients on their caregivers has increased. In this study, a caregiver is a family member or a paid helper who is willing to provide long-term assistance to a child, an older adult, or a person with a disability. AIM: The knowledge of caregivers about insulin doses (administration and adjustment) is determined and to study the correlation between the demographic data (age, gender, and marital status) and the knowledge of caregivers. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross sectional type of descriptive study. A questionnaire was built based on literature review and was reviewed and validated by 17 arbitrators and modified accordingly. A pilot study was performed on 5 people of the targeted population to assess the feasibility, duration, and clarity of the data collection tool. The questionnaire was distributed online and had some extra questions to exclude non-relevant responses. RESULTS: A total of 819 participants filled the online questionnaire. Out of these, 83.6% were female and 16.4% were male. The good knowledge was significantly associated with caregivers who had patients diagnosed with diabetes since less than 6 months when compared with others. CONCLUSION: Caregivers who reported that they do not live with the healthcare receiver had less knowledge compared with those they live, and it is statically significant association. 55% were satisfied with their level of knowledge about insulin doses management. This study indicates who lives with patient has caregiver's knowledge on inulin dosages administration 1.766 times from who don't have.
ABSTRACT
Over doses of Paracetamol (panadol; acetaminophen) can cause life-threatening renal damage. This study compared the impact of nano-ubiquinone (Nubiq) with native ubiquinone (ubiq) reducing damage induced by Paracetamol-toxicity in rats. Paracetamol treatment produced an elevation in serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, C-reactive protein, renal nitric oxide, and lipid peroxide levels, and reductions in interleukin-10, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels. Meanwhile, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, vascular cell adhesion protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2 protein, and kidney injury molecule-1 were highly expressed, and NFE2-related factor 2 gene expression was down-regulated. Destruction of the epithelium, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration could be observed in the renal tissue. Treatment with both ubiq an nubiq significantly ameliorated all of these signs. These findings suggest that Nubiq achieved the most significant amelioration in oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in paracetamol -induced nephrotoxicity.
