ABSTRACT
Excessive fluoride availability during tooth formation can cause structural alterations in enamel and dentin. These alterations may negatively impact the adhesion of various dental materials to teeth with dental fluorosis. The aim of this review of literature is to identify updates in bonding to fluorosed teeth and summarize relevant recommendations. Findings from the available literature suggest that bonding procedures may be carried out reliably on most fluorosed teeth with consideration to the severity of fluorosis and the employment of additional bond-enhancing measures for the severely involved teeth.
ABSTRACT
Background Facial esthetics depend on the skeletal and dental structures underlying variable facial soft tissue thickness. In this social context, determining the relationship between external soft tissue and underlying skeletal and dental hard tissue is essential for detailed orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Objective This study aims to measure facial soft tissue thickness in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Methodology This is an observational study utilizing pre-existing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 170 subjects (110 females and 60 males) with a mean age group of 37.45 ± 13.83 years. CBCT images were then classified sagittally based on the point A-Nasion-point B (ANB) angle from Steiner's analysis into skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III. Furthermore, vertical patterns were grouped based on the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) from Tweed's analysis into hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, and normodivergent facial types. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of facial soft tissue thickness between the skeletal groups, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test for individual comparison. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between gender, age, and skeletal groups. The significance level was 0.05. Results One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in both sagittal and vertical groups (p≤0.05). Tukey's post hoc analysis showed that the skeletal Class III group has increased soft tissue thickness in the subnasale, upper lip, and mention compared to Class I and Class II subjects. Moreover, the hypodivergent group demonstrated increased soft tissue thickness in gnathion and mentioned landmarks in relation to the other groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed significant differences between groups according to both gender and sagittal skeleton patterns (p≤0.05), with males less likely to be in Class II. Conclusions Skeletal Class III and hypodivergent groups have thicker soft tissue in specific facial landmarks. Sexual dimorphism was marked in soft tissue measurements.
ABSTRACT
The use of modern cardiac imaging techniques suggests that congenital ventricular diverticulum (CVD) may be more common than generally believed and may present asymptomatically in adult life. We present a case of congenital left ventricular diverticulum diagnosed in a patient presenting with myocardial infarction (MI). The case highlights the importance of the differential diagnosis of CVD from post infarct left ventricular aneurysms (PILVA) and suggests that adult studies using modern imaging techniques are needed to define the prognosis for asymptomatic CVD in order to guide management.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of oral granisetron (a long-acting 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) in stopping vomiting subsequent to discharge from emergency department (ED), in 6-month-old to 8-year-old patients with gastroenteritis-related vomiting and dehydration, who had failed an initial trial of oral rehydration (ORT). METHODS: Eligible patients were offered ORT on a slowly advancing schedule. Patients who tolerated the initial ORT were discharged home. Patients who vomited were randomized to receive either 40 µg/kg of granisetron or placebo, and ORT was resumed. Patients who tolerated the postrandomization ORT were discharged home with another dose of the study drug. Parents were contacted by telephone every 24 hours until complete resolution of symptoms. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with vomiting at 24 hours. RESULTS: Of the 900 eligible patients, 537 (60%) tolerated the initial ORT and were discharged home. Of the patients who vomited during the initial ORT, 165 were included in the final study sample (placebo, n = 82; granisetron, n = 83). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with vomiting at 24 hours (granisetron, n = 38; placebo, n = 45; odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-1.19; P = .16). A similar trend in the proportion of patients with vomiting was noted for the entire follow-up period (granisetron, n = 43; placebo, n = 47; odds ratio, 0.73; P = .33; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-1.36). CONCLUSION: Granisetron was not effective in controlling gastroenteritis-related vomiting subsequent to discharge from ED. It did not change the expected course of the illness.
