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1.
Eur J Pharm Sci ; 188: 106521, 2023 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37423578

ABSTRACT

Intravenous iron-carbohydrate nanomedicines are widely used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia across a wide breadth of patient populations. These colloidal solutions of nanoparticles are complex drugs which inherently makes physicochemical characterization more challenging than small molecule drugs. There have been advancements in physicochemical characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurement, that have provided a better understanding of the physical structure of these drug products in vitro. However, establishment and validation of complementary and orthogonal approaches are necessary to better understand the 3-dimensional physical structure of the iron-carbohydrate complexes, particularly with regard to their physical state in the context of the nanoparticle interaction with biological components such as whole blood (i.e. the nano-bio interface).


Subject(s)
Iron , Nanoparticles , Humans , Particle Size , Nanomedicine/methods , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Administration, Intravenous
2.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm ; 188: 6-14, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37142131

ABSTRACT

Intravenous iron-carbohydrate complexes are nanomedicines that are commonly used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia of various etiologies. Many challenges remain regarding these complex drugs in the context of fully understanding their pharmacokinetic parameters. Firstly, the measurement of the intact iron nanoparticles versus endogenous iron concentration fundamentally limits the availability of data for computational modeling. Secondly, the models need to include several parameters to describe the iron metabolism which is not completely defined and those identified (e.g. ferritin) exhibit considerable interpatient variability. Additionally, modeling is further complicated by the lack of traditional receptor/enzyme interactions. The known parameters of bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and excretion for iron-carbohydrate nanomedicines will be reviewed and future challenges that currently prevent the direct application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic or other computational modeling techniques will be discussed.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Nanoparticles , Humans , Iron , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Administration, Intravenous , Carbohydrates/therapeutic use
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