Mucormicosis en pacientes con trauma grave / Mucormycosis in severe trauma patients

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[Secondary prevention of alcohol and/or drug abuse in trauma patients: results of a national survey in Spain]. / Prevención secundaria en traumatizados relacionados con alcohol y drogas. Resultados de una encuesta nacional.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of activity in the field of secondary prevention of alcohol and/or drug abuse in trauma patients in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We surveyed 76 hospitals located in all the autonomous regions of Spain. We collected information about the number of severe trauma patients admitted to the ICU per year, the detection of alcohol and drugs in these patients, and the activity for secondary prevention through motivational intervention among other approaches. RESULTS: Of the 76 hospitals surveyed, 66 responded and only one carried out any secondary prevention activity through motivational intervention. Most of the hospitals surveyed (64.5%, 40/62) did not know of the possibility of secondary prevention through motivational intervention and (29%, 18/62) did not have the resources to carry it out. Asked whether they screened trauma patients for drugs and/or alcohol, 15.6% of centers responded "always" 37.5% (24/64) "usually", and 40.6% only "sometimes". CONCLUSION: Most centers surveyed are unaware of the usefulness of secondary prevention in trauma patients. This lack of awareness may be responsible for the lack of activity in this field in Spain. A plan to increase awareness, including educational interventions, is necessary to promote secondary prevention of alcohol and drug abuse among trauma patients.

Prevención secundaria en traumatizados relacionados con alcohol y drogas. Resultados de una encuesta nacional / Secondary prevention of alcohol and/or drug abuse in trauma patients: Results of a national survey in Spain

Objetivo: Averiguar cuál es el grado de actividad en el campo de la prevención secundaria en traumatizados relacionados con alcohol y drogas en el territorio español. Material y métodoEncuesta a 76 hospitales de todas las comunidades autónomas del país, solicitando información sobre número de pacientes traumatizados graves que requerían ingreso en UCI por año, la detección de alcohol y drogas en estos pacientes y la actividad en prevención secundaria mediante intervención motivacional, entre otras. Resultados: De los 76 hospitales encuestados, 66 respondieron y tan sólo uno realizaba alguna actividad de prevención secundaria mediante intervención motivacional. La mayoría de los encuestados (64,5% [40/62]) desconocían esta posibilidad y el 29% no la realizaba por falta de medios (18/62). El 15,6% de los centros realiza siempre análisis de alcohol y drogas en traumatizados. El 37,5% (24/64) admite realizar estas pruebas en la «mayoría» de los pacientes, y un 40,6% sólo lo realiza «a veces». Conclusión: La mayoría de los encuestados desconoce la utilidad de la prevención secundaria en traumatizados. Este desconocimiento puede ser causante de la nula actividad que se detecta en España en este campo. Es necesario un plan de difusión con acciones educacionales para promocionar este tipo de actividades (AU)

ObjectiveTo determine the degree of activity in the field of secondary prevention of alcohol and/or drug abuse in trauma patients in Spain. Material and methods: We surveyed 76 hospitals located in all the autonomous regions of Spain. We collected information about the number of severe trauma patients admitted to the ICU per year, the detection of alcohol and drugs in these patients, and the activity for secondary prevention through motivational intervention among other approaches. Results: Of the 76 hospitals surveyed, 66 responded and only one carried out any secondary prevention activity through motivational intervention. Most of the hospitals surveyed (64.5%, 40/62) did not know of the possibility of secondary prevention through motivational intervention and (29%, 18/62) did not have the resources to carry it out. Asked whether they screened trauma patients for drugs and/or alcohol, 15.6% of centers responded «always» 37.5% (24/64) «usually», and 40.6% only «sometimes». Conclusion: Most centers surveyed are unaware of the usefulness of secondary prevention in trauma patients. This lack of awareness may be responsible for the lack of activity in this field in Spain. A plan to increase awareness, including educational interventions, is necessary to promote secondary prevention of alcohol and drug abuse among trauma patients (AU)

Efectos del antagonista de las benzodiacepinas Flumazenil, en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico grave / Effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenyl in patients with severe cranioencephalic traumatism

Objetivos: Las benzodiacepinas son drogas sedantes utilizadas frecuentemente en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico. Su empleo altera la valoración neurológica del paciente, por lo que es útil disponer de un antagonista. La reversión de sus efectos puede alterar las respuestas hemodinámicas y neurológicas de estos pacientes. Nos proponemos analizar estas respuestas en un grupo de pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico grave en tratamiento con benzodiacepinas en perfusión continua a los que se revierte su acción con el antagonista flumazenil. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, intervencional, en pacientes con trauma craneal grave (tomografía computadorizada craneal en todos los pacientes), ingresados en una UCI de un hospital universitario, con monitorización de presión intracraneal (PIC) y sin datos de hipertensión intracraneal y estabilidad hemodinámica. Tras 48 horas de perfusión de benzodiacepinas, reversión con 0.5-1 mg de flumazenil. Valoración antes y después (5 minutos) de nivel de conciencia (GCS), PIC, tensión arterial media (TAM), frecuencia cardíaca, presión de perfusión cerebral (PPC).Resultados: Se incluyeron 25 pacientes con trauma cerrado. Edad media: 31,5 +/-12,94 años. Varones 80 por ciento. Lesiones focales 72 por ciento. Lesiones asociadas 48 por ciento. GCS previo 5,0+/-2,6 PIC basal: 15,16+/-5,5, PPC: 75,22 +/-15,1. (TAM): 90,84+/-13,4 y frecuencia cardíaca: 87,1 +/-21,1. Tras flumazenil GCS: 6,64 +/-3,34 (p< 0,05) PIC: 20,76 +/-12,3 (p<0,05). TAM: 98,2 +/-23,1 (NS). PPC: 77,58 +/-17,6 (NS).Conclusiones: Aunque nuestra serie tiene el sesgo de ser un grupo de pacientes sin hiperPIC, el GCS se elevó tras flumazenil, pero se acompañó de aumento de la PIC, contraindicando su empleo en pacientes incluso con PIC normal si se sospecha trauma craneal (AU)

Influence of continuous hemofiltration on the hemodynamics of trauma patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on the hemodynamics and respiratory function of critically ill trauma patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. METHODS: Thirty consecutive critically ill, mechanically ventilated, trauma patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (without kidney failure) who had invasive hemodynamic monitoring for management of hypotension or hypoxemia were randomized to treatment with or without continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Hemodynamics profile was recorded immediately before and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the hemofiltration was started (mean of three set data each time). No changes in ventilatory parameters were performed during the study. RESULTS: Thirty patients were analyzed (15 with and 15 without hemofiltration). Both groups were similar in age (36 +/- 18 versus 36 +/- 14 years) and severity scores (Injury Severity Score, 32 +/- 16 versus 30 +/- 11; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 22 +/- 7 versus 21 +/- 6; Goris score, 5.2 +/- 1.7 versus 5.2 +/- 1.8) and received similar inotropic support. We found a significant improvement in mean arterial pressure (80 +/- 9 to 94 +/- 8 (mm Hg), p = 0.01) and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/inspiratory oxygen supply index (124 +/- 40 to 204 +/- 44, p = 0.03) in the intervention group during the study period. We did not find any other significant change in variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration is associated with a significant improvement in hemodynamic and respiratory variables in critically ill trauma patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This improvement can help in the management of these patients. Further work is necessary to define whether this technique can reduce the high mortality of this disease.

Case report: wandering intravascular bullet with aortic pseudoaneurysm.

A 26-year-old man received a gunshot wound to the left flank. No exit wound was seen. A plain abdominal film, computed tomography (CT) and angiography were performed. Abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm with extravasation of contrast into the retroperitoneum and embolization of the bullet to the left iliac artery were shown. The diagnostic value of the CT was considerable, but angiography was still required for definitive localization of the bullet.

Acute epidural hematoma: an analysis of factors influencing the outcome of patients undergoing surgery in coma.

Mortality due to epidural hematoma is virtually restricted to patients who undergo surgery for that condition while in coma. The authors have analyzed the factors influencing the outcome of 64 patients who underwent epidural hematoma evacuation while in coma. These patients represented 41% of the 156 patients operated on for epidural hematoma at their centers after the introduction of computerized tomography (CT). Eighteen patients (28.1%) died, two (3.1%) became severely disabled, and 44 (68.8%) made a functional recovery. The mortality rate for the entire series was 12%, significantly lower than the 30% rate observed when only angiographic studies were available. A significant correlation was found between the final result and the mechanism of injury, the interval between trauma and surgery, the motor score at operation, the hematoma CT density (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous), and the hematoma volume. The patient's age, the course of consciousness before operation (whether there was a lucid interval), and the clot location did not correlate with the final outcome. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients operated on within 6 hours or between 6 and 12 hours after injury than in those undergoing surgery 12 to 48 hours after injury. Compared with the patients operated on later, the patients undergoing surgery in the early period were, on the average, older and had more rapidly developing symptoms, more pupillary changes, lower motor scores at surgery, larger hematomas, a higher incidence of mixed CT density clots, more severe associated intracranial lesions, and higher postoperative intracranial pressure (ICP). The mechanism of trauma seems to influence the course of consciousness before and after surgery. Passengers injured in traffic accidents had a lower incidence of a lucid interval and longer postoperative coma than patients with low-speed trauma, suggesting more frequent association of diffuse white matter-shearing injury. The duration of postoperative coma correlated with the morbidity rate in survivors. Forty-eight patients (75%) had one or more associated intracranial lesions, and 70% of these required treatment for elevation of ICP after hematoma evacuation. An ICP of over 35 mm Hg strongly correlated with poor outcome; administration of high-dose barbiturates was the only effective means for lowering ICP in nine of 15 patients who developed severe intracranial hypertension after surgery. This study attempts to identify patients at greater risk for presenting postoperative complications and to define a strategy for control CT scanning and ICP monitoring.