The risk of development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in a group of ethnically diverse pregnant women with diabetes attending three regional Diabetic Eye Screening Programs in the UK.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Currently, all pregnant women with diabetes are asked to attend screening at least twice during pregnancy, even if no retinopathy is detected in early pregnancy. We hypothesise that for women with no diabetic retinopathy in early pregnancy, the frequency of retinal screening may be safely reduced. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, data for 4718 pregnant women attending one of three UK Diabetic Eye Screening (DES) Programmes between July 2011 and October 2019 was extracted. The women's UK DES grades at 13 weeks gestation (early pregnancy) and 28 weeks gestation (late pregnancy) were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to report baseline data. Ordered logistic regression was used to control for covariates, such as age, ethnicity, diabetes duration, and diabetes type. RESULTS: Of the women with grades recorded for both early and late pregnancy, a total of 3085 (65.39%) women had no retinopathy in early pregnancy, and 2306 (74.7%) of these women did not develop any retinopathy by 28 weeks. The number of women without retinopathy in early pregnancy who developed referable retinopathy was 14 (0.45%), none of whom required treatment. Diabetic Retinopathy in early pregnancy remained a significant predictor of DES grade in late pregnancy when covariates of Age, Ethnicity, and Diabetes Type were controlled for (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study has demonstrated that the burden of managing diabetes for pregnant mothers may be safely reduced by limiting the number of diabetic eye screening appointments in women who have no retinal changes in early pregnancy. Screening of women with retinopathy in early pregnancy should continue in line with current UK guidance.

Acute serous macular detachment and cystoid macular edema after uncomplicated phacoemulsification using standard dose subconjunctival cefuroxime.

Acute toxic serous macular detachment after cataract surgery is very rare, and has been described previously with the use of high concentrations of intra-cameral cefuroxime. We report a case of serous macular detachment and cystoid macular edema 1 day after uncomplicated phacoemulsification using standard dose subconjunctival cefuroxime at the end of surgery. Our case demonstrates that subconjunctival cefuroxime may cause retinal toxicity in a similar fashion to intra-cameral cefuroxime, possibly due to entry of the drug into the anterior chamber through the section or trans-scleral absorption. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this complication with subconjunctival administration of cefuroxime.