ABSTRACT
Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to approximately 3% of the annual new marine biological production, approximately 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to approximately 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although approximately 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.
Subject(s)
Atmosphere , Human Activities , Nitrogen , Reactive Nitrogen Species , Seawater , Carbon , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Ecosystem , Humans , Nitrogen/metabolism , Nitrogen Fixation , Oceans and Seas , Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolismSubject(s)
Hospitalization , Intestine, Small/transplantation , Liver Transplantation , Patient Readmission , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Dehydration/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Graft Rejection/epidemiology , Humans , Length of Stay , Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Sepsis/epidemiologySubject(s)
Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Intestine, Small/transplantation , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Child , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrointestinal Motility , Graft Rejection , Humans , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Patient Care Team , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Intestinal transplantation has become a viable treatment modality for the patient with short gut syndrome. The potential for the development of serious postoperative complications contributes to the complexity of caring for these patients. Through astute observation, thorough assessment, and intelligent intervention, the nurse can directly affect the ultimate success of intestinal transplantation. A dedicated team approach, along with a sincere patient/family commitment, will help to provide for optimal patient management and a successful outcome.
