[Morphological changes in the rat uterine tissues exposed to pregna-D'-pentaran derivatives of progestins and anti-progestins]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia tkanei matki krysy pod vliianiem progestinov i antiprogestinov riada pregna-D'-pentarana.

Changes in the uterus morphology of mature female rats were studied on the model of pseudopregnancy after treatment with the progestin 16 alpha,17 alpha-cyclohexanoprogesterone (PR) and the antirpogestins 5 alpha(H)-16 alpha,17 alpha-cyclohexano-4,5-dihydroprogesterone (APR1) and 5 beta(H)-16 alpha,17 alpha-cyclohexano-4,5-dihydroprogesterone (APR2). The rats were preliminarily estrogenized with 17 beta-estradiol at a dose of 1 microgram/(animal day) for 4 days and then treated with PR at a dose of 0.2 mg/(animal day) for 14 days. The first group was then left without any treatment, whereas APR1 and APR2 were injected at the dose of 0.2 mg/(animal day) for 4 days to the animals of the second and the third groups, respectively. Light and electron microscopy of the uterus preparations demonstrated that the PR action provoked a complete pseudopregnancy picture characterized by the endometrium functionalization and the myometrium hypertrophy. Subsequent treatment with APR1 and APR2 caused the hypertrophy to cease, which had a more pronounced effect in the case of APR1. At the same time, some indications of the endometrium functionalization remained observable after treatment with APR1 and APR2. The specific binding sites for 3H-labeled APR1 and APR2 were absent from the uterus cytosol for the rats gestagenized with PR.

[Ultrastructural changes in the aortic arch intima in rats with various resistance to emotional stress]. / Izmeneniia ul'trastruktury intimy dugi aorty u krys s razlichnoi ustoichivost'iu k émotsional'nomu stressu.

Experiments were performed on 24 male Wistar rats weighing 210 +/- 14 g. Depending on the activity in the open field test, all rats were divided into behaviorally active and passive subgroups. Water-immersion stress (2 hrs) followed by 2-hrs rest period was used as the model of acute emotional stress. Tissue samples from aortic ascending arch were taken from control and stressed rats immediately after decapitation and used for further electron microscopy. The number of micropinocytosis vesicles along the free and basal layers of the cytoplasm and the area of mitochondria were determined. Emotional stress was shown to intensify metabolic processes involving micropinocytosis vesicles between the aortic lumen and its wall. Passive rats display the most severe alterations induced by stress (damages of aortic endotheliocytes, partial regeneration of the plasmalemma by membranes of micropinocytosis vesicles, and decrease in the average area of mitochondria). Morphological equivalents of the initial stages of emotional stress-induced formation of fibrous changes in the aortic arch intima are believed to be found. Such changes can lead to the appearance of atherosclerotic patches.

[Morphological equivalents of lymphocytic-epithelial interactions in kidney and liver regeneration]. / Morfologicheskie ékvivalenty limfotsitarno-épitelial'nogo vzaimodeistviia pri vosstanovitel'nykh protsessakh v pochke i pecheni.

The histo- and ultrastructure of the murine kidney and liver is studied 17 and 48 h, respectively, after unilateral nephrectomy or partial hepatectomy. The number of lymphocytes are found to be increased in these organs after the operation. They come in close contact with hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells forming in some cases gap junctions. It occurs more often 48 h after operation. The number of leukocytes is found to be increased also especially in the regenerating liver in which many hepatocytes with cytoplasm partial necrosis are found. Only single epithelial cells are involved in the destruction in the kidney. Possibility of lymphocyte participation in the morphogenetic function realization is discussed.

[Effect of perinatal pathology on the morphofunctional status of the pituitary and adrenal glands in newborn infants]. / Vliianie perinatal'noi patologii na morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie gipofiza i nadpochechnikov u novorozhdennykh.

A comprehensive study of the content of hormones (ACTH, STH and hydrocortisone) directly in the cells of endocrine organs (pituitary) and in the blood of the dead newborn was conducted for the first time, using immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassays. Based on the findings obtained, the degree of maturity of adnenocorticotropic function of the pituitary was established as were adaptation reserve potentiatialities of endocrine functions in the newborn, bearing in mind the gestation age, the influence of the mother's infectious disease (chronic pyelonephritis, rheumatic fever, bronchopulmonary pathology), and the time of the child's life.

[Adrenocorticotropic function of the hypophysis and its regulation in the human fetus]. / Adrenokortikotropnaia funktsiia gipofiza i ee reguliatsiia u ploda cheloveka.

The morphofunctional development and regulation of hypothalamo-hypophysial system were studied by radioimmunological and immunocytochemical methods, as well as tissue culture, in the prenatal development of the man. In the pituitary of human foetus corticotropic cells appeared beginning from the 6-7th week of development which were capable to produce immunoreactive ACTH and, upon in vitro cultivation, release it in the medium. Within 10 weeks of prenatal development, the human pituitary became sensitive to hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). On the 12th week CRH was detected in that the system ACTH-CRH becomes active in the end of the first third of prenatal development in the man.

[Maturation of the human hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system in prenatal ontogeny. A light-optical and electron microscopic study]. / Sozrevanie gipotalamo-gipofizarnoi nerosekretornoi sistemy cheloveka. Svetoopticheskoe i élektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie.

The hypothalamic-hypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) was studied in the human foetuses from the age of 8 weeks till birth. The hypothalamus of 8 weeks old foetuses is weakly differentiated, no individual cell groups, so-called nuclei, are identified. The supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei are identified from the age of 12 weeks on. The size of cell nuclei increases with the age. The Homori-positive granules were first found in some SON and PVN cell and in neurohypophysis in the 18 weeks old foetuses. It was shown under the electron microscope that the neurohypophysis of 8 weeks old foetuses consisted mainly of pituicytes with axons among the cytoplasmic processes of the latter. After the age of 10 weeks, the area of parenchyma of the neurohypophysis occupied by axons increased and typical elementary neurosecretory granules appeared in them. The data obtained are discussed with respect to the participation of HHNS in the regulation of water metabolism in the human foetuses.

[Differentiation of immunopositive ACTH cells in the human fetal pituitary gland]. / Differentsirovka immunopolozhitel'nykh AKTG-kletok v gipofize plodov cheloveka.

Differentiation and localization of corticotrophic cells in the human fetus hypophysis (5-30 weeks of development) have been studied. The immune cytochemical reaction is performed in sagittal and horizontal sections 5 mcm thick. Rabbit anti adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-, anti ACTH- and anti ACTH-sera are used. In the hypophysis anlage of a 6-week-old fetus single immune positive ACTH-cells are revealed situating at the border where the intermediate part gets into the anterior part. With age, the number of the corticotrophic cells increases and till the first third of the intrauterine development they are mainly localized along the periphery of the epithelial cords and the adenoid- or other parts of the adenohypophysis. During the second part of the intrauterine development the corticotrophic cells localize in the same places as in a mature person. The hormone-producing ability of the hypophysis coincides with the beginning of its organogenesis.

[Characteristics of the functional maturity of the insular apparatus of the human pancreas during intrauterine development]. / K kharakteristike funktsional'noi zrelosti ostrovkovogo apparata podzheludochnoi zhelezy cheloveka vo vnutriutrobnom razvitii.

The reactivity of human foetal pancreas was determined by the increase of insulin secretion in vitro in response to the effect of glucose, arginine, theophylline, cyclic AMP and somatotrophic hormone (STH). The results of the experiments have shown that the beta-cells of the islet system in the pancreas of 7-9 weeks old embryos are as yet not able to respond to the main physiological stimulus, glucose, but respond already to cAMP, STH, arginine with glucose. The glands of 10-14 weeks old foetuses are already able to react to glucose and respond to all other stimuli, except arginine. Taken for comparison, the glands of 19-22 weeks old foetuses respond to glucose by the increase of insulin secretion.