Do the pens used by nursing students in clinics cause bacterial contamination?

BACKGROUND: Health professionals and their medical equipment have long been known to act as vectors of infectious diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of pens used by nursing students working in clinics in relation to transmission of bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in Sakarya University School of Health Sciences in March 2012, with the voluntary participation of 40 third-grade nursing students during their clinical practice. In total, 40 writing items were surveyed. RESULTS: Twenty-two (55%) of the students were doing their clinical practice at pediatrics department and 18 (45%) were at obstetrics and gynecology department. All the samples consisted of pens and bacterial contamination was observed in 5 (12.5%) of them. The microorganisms identified were: 1 (2.5%) sample was Staphylococcus hominis, 2 (5%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 (2.5%) was Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 1 (2.5%) was Staphylococcus warneri. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the risks of nosocomial infections, especially in pediatric units, if not enough attention is paid to the cleanliness of the pens used in the clinics.

Turkish parents' management of childhood fever: a cross-sectional survey using the PFMS-TR.

BACKGROUND: To explore Turkish parents' practices in childhood fever management. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 205 randomly selected Turkish parents of febrile children 6-months to 5-years from the paediatric hospital and two family health centres in Sakarya, Turkey in 2009. Data explored general fever management practices on the 8-item Parents' Fever Management Scale - Turkish version (5-point Liket scale; 1=never to 5=always) and socio-demographics. RESULTS: Parents wanted to know their child's temperature (61.5%), took temperatures (60%), slept in the same room (58.5%) and sought medical advice (53.7%). Non-evidence-based-practices included over-the-counter medications (42.4%); waking children during the night for fever reducing medication (33.2%). Evidence-based-practice ensured febrile children had plenty to drink (30.2%) and febrile children were checked during the night (59%). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' reports indicate high levels of concern about fever, overuse of over-the-counter medications and health services. Practices increase parents' burden of care, are disruptive of family life and lead to parental fatigue. The study confirms the appropriateness and applicability of the fever management instrument, a simple tool to incorporate into assessment of febrile children, in identifying Turkish parents' fever management practice.

Hygiene behaviour in university students in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: To identify university students' hygiene behaviour using a hygiene behaviour inventory in a Turkish sample. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 353 randomly selected university students aged 17-24 years in Kocaeli, Turkey. Data were collected in December 2009 using a socio-demographic form and the Turkish version of the Hygiene Behaviour Inventory-23. SPSS 15 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean score was 3.08 +/- 0.94; ranging from 1.91 +/- 0.85 to 3.77 +/- 0.52. Of the students, 290 (82.2%) always washed their hands when soap was available; 266 (75.4%) had cleaned their toilets three times or more in the preceding month; 260 (73.7%) always washed their hands after touching a pet or some animal; 260 (73.7%) always washed their hand before preparing food; 256 (72.5%) always washed fruits and vegetables before eating them; 227 (64.3%) always covered the seat with paper while using a public toilet; 244 (69.1%) had always cleaned their bathroom at home three times or more in the preceding month; and 183 (51.8%) of the students always washed their hands before eating food with their hands. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based awareness and education plans must initiated to improve regular hygiene practices at the level of university students in Turkey.

Management of hypothermia: impact of lecture-based interactive workshops on training of pediatric nurses.

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of interactive workshop on the management of hypothermia and its impact on pediatric nurses' training. This is a pretest-to-posttest quasi-experimental descriptive study. Thirty pediatric nurses attended an interactive lecture-based interactive workshop on the management of hypothermia. Participants had to accept an invitation to the presentation before the training event. They completed the lecture, and a multiple-choice question test before and after the lecture was given. There was a significant improvement in mean test scores after the lecture when compared with those before the lecture (mean [SD], 15.5 [1.3] vs 5.0 [1.7], P < 0.001). The information gained in this study will be valuable as a baseline for further research and help guide improvements in the management of hypothermia with the ultimate goal of enhancing safe and quality patient care.

The contributing factors to poor sleep experiences in according to the university students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems among university students are common; however, the contributing factors to poor sleep experiences are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the contributing factors to poor sleep experiences in university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was cross-sectional, and the students completed self-report, anonymous questionnaires provided during an in-class survey. This is a single center study. A descriptive survey was conducted randomly on 256 university students in Turkey. The instruments for data collection consisted of the demographic data, and the contributing factors to poor sleep. RESULTS: The most frequent self-reported cause to poor sleep experiences in according to the university students were exposure psychological problems (67.2%), stress (64.8%), exposure to tobacco smoke in the sleeping room (63,7%), pain (62,9%), having family problems (62,5%), being patient (55,1%), air quality of the room (55,1%), strenuous physical activity (53,9%), fatigue (53,5%), sadness (53,1%), noise that caused by other people in the room (52.0%), room scents (sweat, perfume, humidity, naphthalene, etc.) (53.1%), depression (51, 6 %), anxiety, and tension (51, 1%). CONCLUSION: Students should be encouraged to solve psychological problems, to suitable stress-relieving measures, to follow sleep hygiene practice and adequate time management for academic and social activities.

Knowledge and management of pressure ulcers: impact of lecture-based interactive workshops on training of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if a structured workshop on knowledge and management of pressure ulcers (PrUs) for nurses led to an improvement of knowledge in the participants. METHODS: Nurses attended an interactive lecture-based workshop on knowledge and management of PrUs. After the participants were invited into the study, they were asked to take a test consisting of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about the subjects covered in the presentation. The MCQ test was repeated after the teaching session to determine the participants' knowledge and practical skills. RESULTS: Twenty-eight nurses participated in the workshop. The MCQ test consisted of 21 questions. When the scores of the control test were compared with the scores after teaching, a substantial and statistically significant development was observed (mean, 11.1 [SD, 2.1], and mean, 14.6 [SD, 0.9] on 21 items, before and after teaching, respectively, P < .001). CONCLUSION: A lecture-based workshop on knowledge and management of PrUs helps improve nurses' knowledge and allows them to overcome training deficiencies.

Undertaking the role of patient advocate: a longitudinal study of nursing students.

Patient advocacy has been claimed as a new role for professional nurses and many codes of ethics for nurses state that they act as patient advocates. Nursing education is faced with the challenge of preparing nurses for this role. In this article we describe the results of a study that considered the tendencies of a cohort of nursing students at the Kocaeli University School of Nursing to act as advocates and to respect patients' rights, and how their capacities to do so changed (or not) as a result of their nursing education. This longitudinal study used a questionnaire consisting of 10 statements relating to patient care. It was performed both at the start (1998) and at the end (2002) of the nursing training. At the beginning of their course 77 students participated; in the study. After four years, only 55 students participated, the reason for this drop in number being unknown. The questions asked nurses if patients should have: the right to receive health care; the right to participate in the decision-making process about their treatment; the right always to be told the truth; and the right to have access to their own medical records. They were also asked: if quality of life should be a criterion for discontinuing treatment; if patients have the right to die and the right to refuse treatment; if patients should be assisted to die or helped to undergo active euthanasia; and if severely disabled newborn babies should be allowed to die. The student nurses demonstrated considerable insight into contemporary nursing issues and were ready to act as patient advocates. Professional responsibility demands that good nurses advocate strongly for patients' choices.

The perceived problem solving ability and values of student nurses and midwives.

Problem solving is defined as a response given in an important and difficult situation, where critical thinking is required for a solution. Problem solving skills determine a person's ability to relate productively. This research was to determine the perceived problem solving ability and values of student nurses and midwives. It was planned as a descriptive research project in the University of Kocaeli's, Higher School of Health (Nursing and Midwifery School) in order to find out how students perceive their own problem solving skills, and to examine the relationship between problem solving skills and personal values. The data were collected from 218 students by using a questionnaire to determine the characteristics of the students and the "Problem Solving Inventory" (developed by Heppner and Petersen [Journal of Counseling Psychology 29 (1) (1982) 66]) whose reliability and validity for our country had been tested by Sahin et al. (1993) The scores of the subjects were evaluated and analyzed. Students who describe themselves in accordance with the values of truth (14.2%) and human dignity (19.3%) were also found to evaluate themselves successful in problem solving. Students who expressed that they act systematically (44.5%) and decisively (74.3%) in problem solving were also found to evaluate themselves as successful (47.8%) in problem solving. The results of our study have shown that education in professional ethics should provide the development of professional values (especially of truth and human dignity). Concerning value-laden issues education should help students to reach the desired levels of problem solving skills by allowing them to acquire abilities such as self awareness and being inquisitive.

Burnout and nurses' personal and professional values.

The research described in this article was a descriptive study for determining the relationship between the degree of burnout experienced by nurses working in Kocaeli (Turkey), and their personal and professional values. A questionnaire was developed by using information gained from the literature on this subject and from the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaire was delivered to nurses working in two different hospitals (State Hospital of Izmit and the Gölçük Sea Hospital) in Kocaeli. The sample group was formed from all nurses working in the two hospitals, of whom 160 participated in the study during December 1999 and January 2000. The results showed that nurses' personal and professional values play an important role in the degree of burnout they experience. Equality, altruism and aesthetics were ranked first by those experiencing high levels of emotional exhaustion, and freedom was a priority value for those with a low degree of emotional exhaustion. Freedom, altruism and truth were ranked first by those with prominent feelings of personal accomplishment, and equality and aesthetics were priority values for those with less feeling of personal accomplishment. All nurses, therefore, need to identify and clarify their own personal values, beliefs and assumptions about basic truths.