ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Proteinuria, in addition to haematuria, is the most important laboratory parameter in patients with nephro-urological diseases. Low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP) is of particular importance because some diseases genetic and tubulointerstitial are diagnosed based on its presence. AIM: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features, the course and outcome of pediatric patients with a renal disease associated with LMWP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 250 pediatric patients with various kidney diseases in which the type of proteinuria was defined by 4-20% gradient gel sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAG) electrophoresis. RESULTS: Isolated LMWP was detected in 12% of patients, while mixed glomerulotubular proteinuria was detected in 18% of patients. It was detected in all patients with the Dent-1/2 disease, Lowe's syndrome and secondary Fanconi syndrome. Transient LMWP was also detected in a series of 12 patients with distal renal tubular acidosis. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, it was associated with corticoresistence and unfavourable clinical course. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the understanding of the clinical spectrum of various kidney diseases associated with LMWP, their natural course, and the effect of therapy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice that occurs in ABO or Rhesus issoimunisation has been recognized as one of the major risk factors for development of severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin neurotoxicity. AIM: Aim of our study was to investigate clinical and laboratory parameters associated with hemolytic jaundice due to Rh and ABO incompatibility and compare results with the group of unspecific jaundice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred sixty seven (167) neonatal hyperbilirubinemia cases were included in the study, 24.6% of which presented with ABO/Rhesus type hemolytic jaundice, and the rest with unspecific jaundice. Evaluation included: blood count, reticulocites, serum bilirubin, aminotransferases, blood grouping, and Coombs test, also the day of bilirubin peak, duration of the hyperbilirubinemia, and additional bilirubin measurements. RESULTS: We showed significantly lower mean values of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit and significantly higher values of reticulocytes in the group of ABO/Rh incompatibility compared to the group of jaundice of unspecific etiology; also an earlier presentation and a higher-grade jaundice in this group. CONCLUSIONS: The laboratory profile in ABO/Rh isoimmunisation cases depicts hemolytic mechanism of jaundice. These cases carry a significant risk for early and severe hyperbilirubinemia and are eligible for neurodevelopmental follow-up. Hematological parameters and blood grouping are simple diagnostic methods that assist the etiological diagnosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: It has been shown that some adipocytokines and their mutual relationship can be indicators of fetal and neonatal growth. Physiological role of leptin and adiponectin in fetal and neonatal growth is not well established. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the anthropometrics parameters and serum concentration of leptin and adiponectin levels in healthy newborns. METHODS: A cohort of 110 neonates, born after uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term, were classified as AGA (n = 60), SGA (n = 30) and LGA (n = 20) according to the Lubchenco curves. Anthropometric parameters of the neonates: birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), body weight/body length ratio (BW/ BL), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (II) were recorded after birth. RESULTS: Mean serum leptin and adiponectin levels in both sexes were not significantly different (male: 1.8 +/- 0.75; 29.5 +/- 22.89 and female: 2.0 +/- 0.99; 31.6 +/- 23.51 ng/mL). There was a significant difference between leptin levels in AGA and LGA newborns 11.9 +/- 0.84 vs. 3.1 +/- 1.50 ng/mL) (p < 0.05), and in adiponectin levels between AGA and LGA compared to SGA newborns (32. +/- 23.29 and 43.4 +/- 31.24 vs. 12.6 +/- 2.43 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.05; p < 0.05). Leptin and adiponectin levels were positively correlated with BW (r = 0.63 and r = 0.41), BL (r = 0.63, r = 0.42), BW/BL (r = 0.61, r = 0.41), BMI (r = 0.54, r = 0.35), and PI (r = 0.47, r = 0.29, (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Significantly higher adiponectin levels were found in AGA neonates compared to SGA neonates. Leptin and adiponectine levels were positively correlated with birth weight. These findings suggest that these adipocytokines may be involved in fetal growth regulation.
