Medium-pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy for livedoid vasculopathy.

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a cutaneous manifestation of several diseases that lead to noninflammatory thrombosis of dermal vessels. We report the case of a 26-year-old female with a 4 years and 8 months-old history of diagnosis of LV and a non-healing ulcer of more than a year of evolution. Because of refractory response to standard care, low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen (LPHBOT) was added to the therapeutic scheme (azathiopine 2.5 mg/kg, folic acid and acetylsalicylic acid). After 12 sessions of LHBOT (60 min, 1.45 ATA ≈ 100% O2), ulcers achieved complete healing with significant pain relief and no recurrence was present over 6 months. More studies are necessary to determine the effectiveness of HBOT for LV treatment.

La vasculopatía livedoide (VL) es una manifestación cutánea de varias enfermedades que conducen a una trombosis no inflamatoria de los vasos dérmicos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 26 años con antecedente de diagnóstico de vasculopatía livedoide de 4 años y 8 meses, además de una úlcera no cicatrizante de más de un año de evolución. Debido a la respuesta refractaria a la atención estándar, se añadió oxígeno hiperbárico a baja presión (LPHBOT) al esquema terapéutico (azatriopina 2.5 mg/kg, ácido fólico y ácido acetilsalicílico). Después de 12 sesiones de LHBOT (60 min, 1,45 ATA ≈ 100% O2), las úlceras tuvieron una curación completa con un alivio significativo del dolor y no hubo recurrencia durante 16 meses. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar la eficacia de TOHB para el tratamiento del VL.

Cutaneous leishmaniosis due to Leishmania mexicana in a cat treated with cryotherapy.

We report the novel use of cryosurgery to treat cutaneous feline leishmaniosis (FeL) in a domestic cat from mid-western Venezuela. Amastigotes, evident by microscopy in aspirates from the nodular, erythematous nose lesions, were identified as Leishmania mexicana by cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. Lesions resolved completely without relapse after 14 months.

Nous décrivons une nouvelle utilisation de la cryochirurgie pour traiter la leishmaniose féline cutanée (FeL) chez un chat domestique du centre-ouest du Venezuela. Les amastigotes, observés par microscopie dans les cytoponctions des lésions nodulaires et érythémateuses du nez, ont été identifiés comme Leishmania mexicana par analyse de la séquence du gène du cytochrome b. Les lésions ont complètement disparu sans rechute après 14 mois.

Describimos el uso novedoso de la criocirugía para tratar la leishmaniosis cutánea felina (FeL) en un gato doméstico del medio oeste de Venezuela. Los amastigotes, evidentes por microscopía en los aspirados de las lesiones nasales nodulares eritematosas, se identificaron como Leishmania mexicana mediante el análisis de la secuencia del gen del citocromo b. Las lesiones se resolvieron completamente sin recidiva tras 14 meses.

Neste estudo, relatamos a utilização inédita de criocirurgia para tratar leishmaniose felina cutânea (FeL) em um gato doméstico no centro-oeste da Venezuela. Amastigotas, evidentes à microscopia de aspirados da lesão nodular e eritematosa na região nasal, foram identificadas como Leishmania Mexicana por sequenciamento do gene do citocromo b. As lesões se resolveram completamente sem recidiva após 14 meses.

Medium-pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy for livedoid vasculopathy / Terapia de oxigenación hiperbárica de media presión en vasculopatía livedoide

Abstract Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a cutaneous manifestation of several diseases that lead to non-inflammatory thrombosis of dermal vessels. We report the case of a 26-year-old female with a 4 years and 8 months-old history of diagnosis of LV and a non-healing ulcer of more than a year of evolution. Because of refractory response to standard care, low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen (LPHBOT) was added to the therapeutic scheme (azathiopine 2.5 mg/kg, folic acid and acetylsalicylic acid). After 12 sessions of LHBOT (60 min, 1.45 ATA ≈100% O2), ulcers achieved complete healing with significant pain relief and no recurrence was present over 6 months. More studies are necessary to determine the effectiveness of HBOT for LV treatment.

Resumen La vasculopatía livedoide (VL) es una manifestación cutánea de varias enfermedades que conducen a una trom bosis no inflamatoria de los vasos dérmicos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 26 años con antecedente de diagnóstico de vasculopatía livedoide de 4 años y 8 meses, además de una úlcera no cicatrizante de más de un año de evolución. Debido a la respuesta refractaria a la atención estándar, se añadió oxígeno hiperbárico a baja presión (LPHBOT) al esquema terapéutico (azatriopina 2.5 mg/kg, ácido fólico y ácido acetilsalicílico). Después de 12 sesiones de LHBOT (60 min, 1,45 ATA ≈100% O2), las úlceras tuvieron una curación completa con un alivio significativo del dolor y no hubo recurrencia durante 16 meses. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar la eficacia de TOHB para el tratamiento del VL.

Comparative study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different cell types: Biophysical-computational approach to the role of potential receptors.

Cellular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory tract has been associated with the ability of the virus to interact with potential receptors on the host membrane. We have modeled viral dynamics by simulating various cellular systems and artificial conditions, including macromolecular crowding, based on experimental and transcriptomic data to infer parameters associated with viral growth and predict cell susceptibility. We have accomplished this based on the type, number and level of expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine 2 (TMPRSS2), basigin2 (CD147), FURIN protease, neuropilin 1 (NRP1) or other less studied candidate receptors such as heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5) and angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AGTR2). In parallel, we studied the effect of simulated artificial environments on the accessibility to said proposed receptors. In addition, viral kinetic behavior dependent on the degree of cellular susceptibility was predicted. The latter was observed to be more influenced by the type of proteins and expression level, than by the number of potential proteins associated with the SARS CoV-2 infection. We predict a greater theoretical propensity to susceptibility in cell lines such as NTERA-2, SCLC-21H, HepG2 and Vero6, and a lower theoretical propensity in lines such as CaLu3, RT4, HEK293, A549 and U-251MG. An important relationship was observed between expression levels, protein diffusivity, and thermodynamically favorable interactions between host proteins and the viral spike, suggesting potential sites of early infection other than the lungs. This research is expected to stimulate future quantitative experiments and promote systematic investigation of the effect of crowding presented here.

Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño y el Rol del Ortodoncista. Revisión bibliográfica / Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Orthodontist. Bibliographical review

RESUMEN: Introducción: La apnea obstructiva del sueño es un trastorno crónico, altamente prevalente, asociada a secuelas cardiovasculares y neurocognitivas, que afectan gravemente la calidad de vida de los individuos que la padecen. En aquel contexto, tanto el odontólogo general, como especialista, tienen un rol importante en el screening y potencial tratamiento interdisciplinario de esta patología. Revisión de la literatura actual: Se describen las causas y las secuelas asociadas a este trastorno, junto con los métodos de screening inicial que sirven para una derivación oportuna. Además, se plantean las alternativas de tratamiento y la evidencia actual disponible sobre sus efectos terapéuticos. Discusión y conclusión: Por ser la apnea obstructiva del sueño una patología compleja y de origen multifactorial, se aborda con un equipo interdisciplinario para determinar la mejor estrategia de tratamiento de acuerdo a las características de cada paciente, y entendiendo las repercusiones que cada terapia conlleva. En Ortodoncia, existen controversias respecto del efecto de los tratamientos con extracciones de premolares sobre las dimensiones de la vía aérea superior, donde es relevante analizar críticamente la evidencia científica disponible al respecto, y con ello, asegurar estrategias óptimas de tratamiento en la práctica clínica.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is a chronic, highly prevalent disorder associated with cardiovascular and neurocognitive repercussions, which seriously affect the quality of life of the individuals who suffer from it. In that context, both the general dentist and the specialist have an important role in the screening and potential interdisciplinary treatment of this disorder. Review of current literature: The causes and sequelae associated with this disorder are described, together with the initial screening methods that serve for a timely referral. In addition, treatment alternatives and current available evidence on their therapeutic effects are addressed. Discussion and conclusion: Since obstructive sleep apnea is a complex and multifactorial disorder, it is approached from an interdisciplinary perspective to determine the best treatment strategy according to the characteristics of the patient, with a clear understanding of the repercussions that each therapy involves. In Orthodontics, controversy exist about the effect of treatment with premolar extractions on the dimensions of the upper airway. It is relevant to critically analyze the available evidence about this controversy in order to ensure optimal treatment strategies in clinical practice.

Maduración de la Sutura Palatina Media En Adolescentes y Adultos Jóvenes Chilenos: Estudio Transversal / Midpalatal Sutural Maturation in Chilean Adolescents and Young Adults: Cross-sectional Study

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Evaluar la maduración de la sutura palatina media en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes chilenos, mediante valoración morfológica de imágenes de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico del maxilar. Material y método: Se analizó la sutura palatina media de 150 sujetos entre 15 y 30 años, seleccionados desde la base de datos radiológicos de un centro universitario de salud. La maduración sutural fue evaluada en el corte axial, utilizando el método de Angelieri y cols., clasificándola en cinco etapas (A, B, C, D y E). Se utilizaron las pruebas de correlación de Pearson para medir la concordancia intra e interexaminador, y T-Student para las diferencias entre sexos. Resultados: El estado de maduración más frecuente fue C (43,3%), seguido por E (33,3%) y D (22%). En hombres, la etapa C fue más frecuente (49%), mientras que en mujeres fue la etapa E (39%). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos. Conclusiones: Aunque la mayoría de la muestra presentó una etapa tardía de maduración sutural, el 45% presentó estados de maduración sutural donde sería posible la expansión de naturaleza no quirúrgica. Debido a la variabilidad observada en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, se recomienda la evaluación individual con imagenología 3D.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate midpalatal suture maturation in Chilean adolescents and young adults through morphological assessment of cone-beam computed tomography images of the maxilla. Materials and methods: Analysis of the midpalatal suture of 150 subjects aged between 15 and 30 was performed, selected from a university clinical center radiological database. Sutural maturation was evaluated in the axial cross-section, using the method described by Angelieri et al., classifying it in five stages (A, B, C, D and E). Pearson's correlation tests were used to assess intra- and inter-examiner agreement, and T-Student for assessing differences between genders. Results: The most frequent maturation stage was C (43.3%), followed by E (33.3%) and D (22%). In men, stage C was more frequent (49%), while in women it was stage E (39%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between genders. Conclusions: Although the majority of the sample presented a late stage of sutural maturation, 45% presented states of sutural maturation where the expansion of a non-surgical nature would be possible. Due to the variability observed in adolescents and young adults, individual evaluation with 3D imaging is recommended.

Pandemia de COVID-19 y enfermedad renal: ¿Qué sabemos actualmente? / COVID-19pandemic and kidney disease: ¿What do we currently know?

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad renal aguda es una patología relativamente frecuente en pacientes con infección por COVID-19, en especial en el grupo de pacientes que se encuentran críticamente enfermos; los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica se consideran un grupo de riesgo durante la pandemia debido a la inmunosupresión asociada por lo cual es importante la detección de infección por SARS CoV-2 en estos pacientes además de quienes están en diálisis y pacientes con trasplante renal. Es de suma importancia la identificación de enfermedad renal al ingreso de pacientes con COVID-19 pues se ha demostrado que representa un indicador para valorar supervivencia y pronóstico; varios estudios han establecido que la falla renal aguda se relaciona directamente con peor pronóstico y mortalidad. Debido al impacto positivo en la supervivencia que significa el manejo oportuno de la falla renal en pacientes positivos para COVID-19. Objetivo: Presentar la información científica actual sobre la fisiopatología de falla renal en contexto de COVID-19, diagnóstico, tratamiento, estrategias de seguimiento de la función renal durante la hospitalización, manejo de unidades de diálisis, indicación de líquidos intravenosos y manejo de shock en pacientes con enfermedad renal. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y Embase; los criterios de selección incluían artículos que registraran el abordaje general y específico de complicaciones en el contexto de enfermedad renal, no se usaron filtros en la búsqueda. Conclusión: La falla renal en el contexto de la infección por COVID-19 representa un aspecto importante a estudiar dentro del desarrollo de la enfermedad y requiere consideraciones especiales para su manejo.

Abstract Introduction: Acute kidney disease is relatively frequent in COVID-19 patients, especially in critically ill patients; chronic kidney disease patients are consider as a risk group during COVID-19 pandemic because of immunosuppression associated with their condition, that's why it is important to detect SARS CoV-2 in this group of patients as in dialysis patients and kidney transplant patients. It is important to identify kidney disease at admission of COVID-19 patients because it has been shown that AKI or kidney disease represent an indicator to value survival and prognosis; literature have established that acute kidney injury is related with worst prognosis and mortality. Because of positive impact in survival that means timely and early treatment and follow up of kidney disease in COVID-19 patients. Objective: To presents actual scientific information about acute kidney injury physiopathology in COVID-19 patients, diagnosis, treatment, follow up strategies during hospitalization, management of dialysis units, intravenous liquids indications and shock management in patients with kidney disease. Methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases; the selection criteria include articles that record the general and specific approach to complications in the context of kidney disease, no filters are used in the search. Conclusion: Renal failure in the context of COVID-19 infection represents an important aspect to study during development of COVID-19 infection and requires special considerations for its correct management.

Trends of maxillofacial trauma: An update from the prospective register of a multicenter study in emergency services of Chile

Background: Determine the behavior of the maxillofacial trauma of adults treated in 3 tertiary care centers in the central zone of Chile. Material and Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, based on the prospective records of maxillofacial trauma cases attended between May 2016 and April 2017 by dental and maxillofacial clinical teams of Adult Emergency Units of hospitals Dr. Sótero del Río (metropolitan region), Carlos Van Buren and Dr. Gustavo Fricke (region V). Age, sex, date of occurrence, type of trauma according to ICD-10, etiology, legal medical prognosis and associated injuries were recorded, stratifying by sex and age. Chi square and unpaired Wilcoxon tests were used to compare by groups. Results: 2.485 cases and 3.285 injuries were investigated. The male: female ratio was 1.7: 1 with age under 30 predominant, followed by older adults. Variability was observed in the yearly, weekly and daily presentation The highest frequencies were in January and September, weekends and at night. The main etiologies were violence (42.3%), falls (13.1%) and road traffic crashes (12.9%) with differences by age and sex (p <0.05). 31,9% of the injuries occurred in hard tissue, being fractures in nasal bones predominant (S02.2). Conclusions: the profile of the maxillofacial trauma in Chile seems to be mixed by age, affecting young people and the elderly. The male sex predominates; the main cause, which varies by age group, is violence. Their surveillance is possible from hospital emergency records

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Spermatozoa from mice deficient in Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2) protein have defective cholesterol content and reduced in vitro fertilising ability.

The cholesterol content of the sperm membrane is regulated during both maturation in the epididymis and capacitation in the female tract, two processes required for the spermatozoa to acquire their fertilising ability. Because Niemann-Pick disease, type C2 (NPC2) protein is one of the most abundant components of the epididymal fluid and contains a functional cholesterol-binding site that can transfer cholesterol between membranes, it has been suggested for years that NPC2 could be involved in the regulation of cholesterol levels in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. In the present study, western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated significant levels of NPC2 in the mouse epididymal epithelium. Epididymal spermatozoa obtained from NPC2(-/-) mice were morphologically normal and had normal motility parameters, but had a reduced cholesterol content compared with that of wild-type (WT) spermatozoa, as determined by both biochemical and by flow cytometry analyses. These results suggest that NPC2 could be involved in regulating cholesterol levels in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. To understand the relevance of epididymal NPC2 for sperm function, the ability of spermatozoa to undergo events influenced by epididymal maturation, such as capacitation and fertilisation, were compared between WT and NPC2(-/-) mice. Capacitated NPC2(-/-) spermatozoa exhibited defective tyrosine phosphorylation patterns and a reduced ability to fertilise cumulus-oocyte complexes compared with WT spermatozoa, supporting the relevance of mouse epididymal NPC2 for male fertility.