[Syndrome overlap: autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune cholangitis]. / Síndrome de superposición: hepatitis autoinmune y colangitis autoinmune.

Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune cholangitis are chronic autoimmune liver disease, usually present separate, the cases where characteristics of two of the above is observed liver disease is commonly referred to as Overlap Syndromes (OS). Although there is no consensus on specific criteria for the diagnosis of OS identification of this association is important for initiating appropriate treatment and prevent its progression to cirrhosis or at least the complications of cirrhosis and death. We report the case of awoman aged 22 cirrhotic which debuted are edematous ascites, severe asthenia and jaundice compliant diagnostics SS criteria and initially present any response to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and oral corticosteroids, but ultimately finished performing a transplant orthotopic liver.

Síndrome de superposición: hepatitis autoinmune y colangitis autoinmune / Syndrome overlap: autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune cholangitis

La hepatitis autoinmune, cirrosis biliar primaria, colangitis esclerosante primaria y colangitis autoinmune son hepatopatías crónicas de origen autoinmune, habitualmente se presentan por separado, los cuadros donde se observa características de dos de las mencionadas hepatopatías se designan comúnmente como síndromes de superposición (SS). Aunque no existe consenso sobre criterios específicos para el diagnóstico de SS la identificación de esta asociación es importante para iniciar un tratamiento adecuado y así evitar su evolución hacia la cirrosis o en todo caso las complicaciones de la cirrosis y muerte. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 22 años cirrótica que debuto son síndrome ascítico edematosa, intensa astenia e ictérica que cumple los criterios diagnósticos del SS y que inicialmente presentó alguna respuesta al tratamiento con ácido ursodexosicólico y corticoides orales, pero que finalmente terminó realizándose un trasplante hepático ortotópico...

Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune cholangitis are chronic autoimmune liver disease, usually present separate, the cases where characteristics of two of the above is observed liver disease is commonly referred to as Overlap Syndromes (OS). Although there is no consensus on specific criteria for the diagnosis of OS identification of this association is important for initiating appropriate treatment and prevent its progression to cirrhosis or at least the complications of cirrhosis and death. We report the case of a woman aged 22 cirrhotic which debuted are edematous ascites, severe asthenia and jaundice compliant diagnostics SS criteria and initially present any response to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid and oral corticosteroids, but ultimately finished performing a transplant orthotopic liver...

Enfermedad de Wilson: forma hepática / Wilson disease: liver form

La enfermedad de Wilson (EW) es un trastorno del metabolismo del cobre que se hereda de forma autosómica recesiva, lo cual produce acumulación tóxica del cobre principalmente en el hígado y el cerebro, en general tiene dos formas de presentación, la hepática en edades tempranas y la neurológica en edades más tardías. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 21 años diagnosticada de EW en su forma hepática en estadio cirrosis que debutó con un síndrome ascítico edematoso sin ninguna manifestación neurológica a pesar de su edad. En sus estudios de laboratorio presentó descenso de la ceruloplasmina sérica y cupruria elevada en 24 horas, datos característicos de esta enfermedad. Aunque la EW no es una enfermedad común debe ser sospechada en toda hepatopatía crónica de etiología no determinada con marcadores virales y de autoinmunidad negativos con o sin manifestaciones neurológicas ya que su reconocimiento temprano e inicio del tratamiento con quelantes del cobre principalmente conlleva a una mejora sustancial del pronóstico de vida de estos pacientes...

Wilson disease (WD) is a disorder of copper metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive, which produces toxic copper accumulation mainly in the liver and brain, in general has two ways presentation, liver at early ages and neurological in later ages. We present the case of a female patient of 21 years diagnosed of WD in liver cirrhosis that started with an edematous ascites without any neurological symptoms despite the age. Their laboratory studies showed decrease in serum ceruloplasmin and high cupruria within 24 hours of the disease , characteristic data of WD. Although WD is not a common disease should be suspected in all chronic liver disease of unknown etiology with negative viral markers and autoimmunity with or without neurological manifestations as soon as posible and starting treatment with copper chelating mainly leads to a substantial improvement the prognosis of these patients...

[Wilson disease: liver form]. / Enfermedad de Wilson: forma hepática.

Wilson disease (WD) is a disorder of copper metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive, which produces toxic copper accumulation mainly in the liver and brain, in general has two ways presentation, liver at early ages and neurological in later ages. We present the case of a female patient of 21 years diagnosed of WD in liver cirrhosis that started with an edematous ascites without any neurological symptoms despite the age. Their laboratory studies showed decrease in serum ceruloplasmin and high cupruria within 24 hours of the disease , characteristic data of WD. Although WD is not a common disease should be suspected in all chronic liver disease of unknown etiology with negative viral markers and autoimmunity with or without neurological manifestations as soon as posible and starting treatment with copper chelating mainly leads to a substantial improvement the prognosis of these patients.

What is the shape of developmental change?

Developmental trajectories provide the empirical foundation for theories about change processes during development. However, the ability to distinguish among alternative trajectories depends on how frequently observations are sampled. This study used real behavioral data, with real patterns of variability, to examine the effects of sampling at different intervals on characterization of the underlying trajectory. Data were derived from a set of 32 infant motor skills indexed daily during the first 18 months. Larger sampling intervals (2-31 days) were simulated by systematically removing observations from the daily data and interpolating over the gaps. Infrequent sampling caused decreasing sensitivity to fluctuations in the daily data: Variable trajectories erroneously appeared as step functions, and estimates of onset ages were increasingly off target. Sensitivity to variation decreased as an inverse power function of sampling interval, resulting in severe degradation of the trajectory with intervals longer than 7 days. These findings suggest that sampling rates typically used by developmental researchers may be inadequate to accurately depict patterns of variability and the shape of developmental change. Inadequate sampling regimes therefore may seriously compromise theories of development.

Double acylation for identification of amino-terminal peptides of proteins isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

We report here a method for the identification of free or blocked N-terminal peptide of in-gel digested isolated proteins. The primary amino groups of the gel-entrapped protein are blocked with normal acetic or succinic anhydride, and the protein is digested with a high-specificity protease. The generated peptides are treated with an equimolar mixture of normal and deuterated acetic anhydride. Upon mass spectrometric analysis internal peptides display a complex isotopic ion distribution while the N-terminal peptide shows a normal isotopic ion distribution. The procedure was applied to the identification of the N-terminus of individual and protein mixtures isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

A new approach for in vitro regeneration of tomato plants devoid of exogenous plant growth hormones.

Many available methodologies for in vitro regeneration of commercial tomato varieties promote not only the production of normal shoots but also individual leaves, shoots without apical meristems and vitrified structures. All these abnormal formations influence and diminish the regeneration efficiency. At the basis of this phenomenon lies callus development. We optimized an alternative procedure by which the regeneration occurs without abnormal shoot formation. The portion including the proximal part of hypocotyls and the radicle was cultured on medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog salts, 4 mg/L thiamine, 100 mg/L mio-inositol and 3% sucrose. After two-three weeks, 60% explants showed adventitious shoot formation. No changes in the morphological characteristics of regenerated plants and fruits were observed as compared with parents. Karyotypic analysis of regenerated plants showed no variations in chromosome number. The optimized procedure offers the advantage of tomato plant regeneration avoiding callus formation, which enables normal plant recovery with an efficiency ranging from 1.45 +/- 0.05 to 2.57 +/- 0.06 shoots per explant in Campbell-28, Amalia, Lignon, and Floradel cultivars.

Selective isolation of multiple positively charged peptides for 2-DE-free quantitative proteomics.

A method for quantitative proteomic analysis based on the selective isolation of multiply charged peptides (RH peptides) containing arginine and histidine residues is described. Two pools of proteins are digested in tandem with lysyl-endopeptidase and trypsin and the primary amino groups of proteolytic peptides are separately labeled with d3- and d0-acetic anhydride. This reaction has a dual purpose: (i) to allow the relative protein quantification in two different conditions and (ii) to restrict the positive charges of peptides to the presence of arginine and histidine. The N-acylated peptides are separated by cation-exchange chromatography into two groups, neutral and singly charged peptides (R+H1) are retained into the column and can be eluted in batch or further fractionated using a saline gradient before LC-MS/MS analysis. In silico analysis revealed that the selective isolation of RH peptides considerably simplifies the complex mixture of peptides (three RH peptides/protein) and at the same time they represent 84% of the whole proteomes. The selectivity, and recovery of the method were evaluated with model proteins and with a complex mixture of proteins extracted from Vibrio cholerae.

Selective isolation of lysine-free tryptic peptides delimited by arginine residues: A new tool for proteome analysis.

Tryptic digestion of biotinylated Lys-C peptides followed by affinity chromatography allows the selective isolation of lysine-free tryptic peptides delimited by arginine residues (RRnK peptides). In silico analysis revealed that RRnK peptides represent 87% of the whole proteomes and their specific isolation simplifies the complex peptide mixture (5 peptides per protein). The good recoveries and high selectivity obtained in the isolation of RRnK peptides anticipate the applicability of this method in 2DE-free quantitative proteome analyses.

[Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. What is the prevalence of diabetes in a family medical unit?]. / Complicaciones crónicas en la diabetes mellitus. Prevalencia en una unidad de medicina familiar.

INTRODUCTION: The role of the family doctor in fundamental in the prevention of diabetic complications, because these complications will be minor if there is good glycemic control during life. OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency of late complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) among IMSS-insured population in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 252 diabetic patients selected by a systematized and stratified randomized sampling including all patient files available in the Family Medicine Unit 1 in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. The information was taken from the clinical charts got by family physicians and specialists. We used descriptive statistics and correlation of Pearson looking for the association between glicemia's level and enough time to produce complications. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension was found in 168 cases (67%), hypertriglyceridemia in 148 (59.4%), neuropathy in 106 (42.6%), hypercholesterolemia in 89 (35.7%), retinopathy in 69 (27.5%), nephropathy in 51 (20.5%), diabetic foot in 27 (10.8%), ischemic cardiopathy in 25 (10%), cerebral thrombosis in 11 (4.4%). The period between DM diagnosis and the appearance of complications was 3.2 to 13.1 years. The correlations were high and significant in every complication. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of DM complications in this study was very high, with an increasing tendency of developing complications throughout the time.

SCAPE: a new tool for the Selective CApture of PEptides in protein identification.

A method for the selective capture and analysis of peptides containing neither histidine nor arginine is evaluated. It is based on the reversible modification of alpha- and epsilon-amino groups of peptides and the relatively easy separation of charged and noncharged peptides by cation exchange chromatography. The simplicity of the method and the results obtained in silico and with standard proteins, anticipate the utility of the SCAPE approach for proteome analyses.

Ultrastructural evidences of HCV infection in hepatocytes of chronically HCV-infected patients.

In this study, 13 samples of liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C were studied by transmission electron microscopy (EM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). The 13 biopsies showed ultrastructural cell damage typical of acute viral hepatitis. In four of the 13 liver biopsies enveloped virus-like particles (VLPs) inside cytoplasmic vesicles and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes were observed. We also detected the presence of unenveloped VLPs mainly in the cytoplasm and in the endoplasmic reticulum. IEM using anti-core, E1 and E2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) confirmed the specific localization of these proteins, in vivo, inside cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, this work provided evidence for hepatocellular injury related to HCV infection. It also suggested the presence of HCV-related replicating structures in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and raised the possibility of hepatitis C virion morphogenesis in intracellular vesicles.

Utilidad de la citología por punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) de las lesiones hepáticas focales / Utility of the citology for fine needle aspiration puncture (PAAF) of the focal hepatical lesions

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto lograr información acerca de la naturaleza histológica de las lesiones hepáticas focales (benignas o malignas), mediante la toma de muestra por punción percutánea dirigida bajo control ultrasonográfico. Se estudiaron 67 pacientes con lesiones ocupantes de espacio diagnosticadas por ecografía, equipo tiempo real y transductor sectorial de 3.5 MHz sin aditamento especial para biopsia. Previa asepsia y antisepsia se introduce aguja fina de punción lumbar guiada por el transductor hasta localizar la lesión y mediante presión negativa se toma la muestra que es fijada con alcohol de 96§, para estudio citológico según técnica de Diff-Quick. Se obtuvo material suficiente en todos los casos, excepto en uno. Hubo 5 falsos negativos y ninguno falso positivo. No hubo ningún tipo de complicaciones. La sensibilidad del método fue de 90,8% con una especificidad del 100% y una precisión diagnóstica del 91%. En conclusión creemos que la PAAF bajo control ecográfico es un método de alta rentabilidad diagnóstica y que puede evitar, caso de ser positiva, la realización de otras pruebas más agresivas. Agiliza el diagnóstico y acorta la estancia media hospitalaria. Además, es un método sencillo, económico, con escasas o nulas complicaciones, no agresivo y bien tolerado por el enfermo