Neuroangiostrongyliasis: Updated Provisional Guidelines for Diagnosis and Case Definitions.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the main causative agent for eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Larvae are rarely found in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Consequently, serology and DNA detection represent important diagnostic tools. However, interpretation of the results obtained from these tools requires that more extensive accuracy studies be conducted. The aim of the present study is to update guidelines for diagnosis and case definitions of neuroangiostrongyliasis (NA) as provided by a working group of a recently established International Network on Angiostrongyliasis. A literature review, a discussion regarding criteria and diagnostic categories, recommendations issued by health authorities in China and an expert panel in Hawaii (USA), and the experience of Thailand were considered. Classification of NA cases and corresponding criteria are proposed as follows: minor (exposure history, positive serology, and blood eosinophilia); major (headache or other neurological signs or symptoms, CSF eosinophilia); and confirmatory (parasite detection in tissues, ocular chambers, or CSF, or DNA detection by PCR and sequencing). In addition, diagnostic categories or suspected, probable, and confirmatory are proposed. Updated guidelines should improve clinical study design, epidemiological surveillance, and the proper characterization of biological samples. Moreover, the latter will further facilitate accuracy studies of diagnostic tools for NA to provide better detection and treatment.

Actividad semejante a catepsina L en la hemolinfa de hembras repletas de Boophilus microplus / Cathepsin L-like activity in hemolymph of females crammed with Boophilus microplus

The cysteine-proteinase activity present in the hemolymph of females crammed with Boophilus microplus at the second oviposition was proved. The enzyme assay was performed using the synthetic N-carbobenzoxi-phenilalanyl-arginil-4-metoxibetan++ +-naphthylamide substrate, and hydrolysis in both raw ovarim extract and hemolymph were observed. The activity was 100 inhibited by trans-epoxisuscinyl-L-leucidamide (4-guadinine) butane, an specific inhibitor for cysteine-proteinase. Polyacrylamide and gelatin-gel electrophoresis showed the existence of only one active band in both samples tested with the same electrophoretic sliding (approximately 38 kDa).