ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: La reducción de la pérdida sanguínea y de las transfusiones en pacientes operados de artroplastía total de rodilla (ATR) primaria se asocia a un mejor resultado clínico y funcional. El uso de ácido tranexámico (ATX) es uno de los métodos utilizados para disminuir ese sangrado. Material y métodos: Se compararon los resultados en hemoglobina (Hb), hematocrito (Hto), tasa de sangrado y de transfusión, tiempo quirúrgico y dolor entre los grupos A (con ATX) y grupo B (sin ATX) posterior a la ATR. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la disminución del sangrado transquirúrgico y periquirúrgico global, en la disminución de la Hb a las 24 horas, en la tasa de transfusión, en el tiempo quirúrgico y en el dolor a la deambulación a favor del grupo A. Discusión: En México no hay literatura publicada sobre el uso de ATX en pacientes operados de ATR. A pesar del uso cada vez más común del ATX, la mejor dosis y vía de administración sigue siendo un tema controversial. Conclusión: El uso de ATX en el esquema propuesto es un método seguro y eficaz para disminuir la tasa de sangrado y de transfusiones en los pacientes operados de ATR.
Abstract: Background: Reducing blood loss and transfusions in patients operated on primary TKR is associated with a better clinical and functional outcome. The use of Tranexamic Acid (ATX) is one of the methods used to decrease that bleeding. Material and methods: Results in Hb, Hto, rate of bleeding and transfusion, surgical time and pain between groups A (with ATX) and group B (without tranexamic acid) after TKR are compared. Results: Statistically significant differences were found during surgery and perisurgical bleeding, in the decrease of Hb at 24 hours, transfusion rate, surgical time and pain to wandering in favor of group A. Discussion: There are no published studies in Mexico on the use of ATX in patients operated on TKR. We consider its use to be increasingly common, the optimal dose and route of administration remains a controversial topic. Conclusion: The use of ATX in the proposed scheme is safe and effective in reducing the rate of bleeding and transfusions in patients operated on ATR.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Antifibrinolytic Agents , Tranexamic Acid , Blood Loss, Surgical , Postoperative Hemorrhage , MexicoABSTRACT
This article analyzes the characteristics of the modernization process in Mexico and the polarization produced in living and health conditions for the general population as well as workers and their families. We studied socioeconomic and health indicators for this purpose. Infectious diseases occupy a high percentage of general morbidity, yet diseases such as diabetes, hepatic cirrhosis, myocardial infarction, malignant tumors, and accidents and violence are also serious public health problems as causes of morbidity and mortality. In some regions of the country with specific socioeconomic characteristics, polarization of health conditions is even more evident, as in the state of Chiapas as compared to Nuevo León. Deterioration of working conditions and available data on workers' health indicate that the latter should be considered a priority group for health measures. Such data also show the paradoxical trend of the more severe but less frequent work-related accidents and diseases that are subject to compensation as compared to the detection of chronic work-related diseases at an advanced stage, as well as significant differences in occupational morbidity among different branches of manufacturing.