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4.
Nefrología (Madrid) ; 39(1): 35-43, ene.-feb. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-181907

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Conocer la incidencia de casos de acidosis láctica por metformina durante el periodo enero de 2014 y marzo de 2017 en el Área Sanitaria III de Aragón. Analizar los factores clínicos y analíticos asociados y la mortalidad. Resultados: Treinta y un casos (61,3% varones). Incidencia: 79,76 casos/100000 pacientes-año; edad media 75,39 ± 9,34 años; 23 de ellos con niveles séricos de metformina (21,91 ± 15,52 mcg / mL); miligramos/día de metformina ingeridos: 1790,32 ± 499; 96,8% de casos en el contexto de fracaso renal agudo; 11 casos con antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica (35,5%); 12 requirieron UCI (38,7%); 13 requirieron tratamiento depurador (41,9%; 3 hemodiafiltración, 10 hemodiálisis) Existió correlación significativa entre: miligramos diarios ingeridos de metformina y niveles del fármaco; niveles de metformina y: creatinina pico, pH y lactato. La mortalidad fue del 25,8%. Solo hubo diferencias significativas entre los fallecidos y los supervivientes respecto a la duración de la estancia y la creatinina final. La regresión logística multivariante no detectó ninguna variable del estudio asociada con la mortalidad. Conclusiones: La incidencia en nuestra área sanitaria es más elevada que en otras series, con 25,8% de mortalidad. Prácticamente todos los casos en el contexto de fracaso renal agudo de origen prerrenal. En un 29% de los casos hubo sobredosificación. Es necesario advertir a los pacientes de las situaciones más frecuentes potencialmente inductoras de acidosis láctica, especialmente la deshidratación, si siguen tomando el fármaco durante las mismas


Objectives: To determine the incidence of metformin-induced lactic acidosis during the period January 2014 to March 2017 in Aragon Healthcare Area III. To analyse the associated clinical and analytical factors and mortality. Results: A total of 31 cases (61.3% males). Incidence: 79.76 cases/100,000 patients-year; mean age 75.39±9.34 years; 23 of them with levels of serum metformin (21.91 ± 15.52 mcg/ ml); milligrams/day of metformin ingested: 1790.32 ± 499; 96.8% of cases in the context of acute kidney failure; 11 cases with a history of chronic kidney disease (35.5%); 12 required intensive care (38.7%); 13 required purification treatment (41.9%; 3 haemodiafiltration, 10 haemodialysis). There was a significant correlation between daily milligrams of metformin ingested and drug levels; levels of metformin; and peak creatinine, pH and lactate. Mortality was 25.8%. There were only significant differences between the deceased and survivors regarding the duration of stay and final creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression did not detect any study variables associated with mortality. Conclusions: The incidence in our healthcare area is higher than in other series, with a 25.8% mortality rate. Virtually all cases were in the context of prerenal acute kidney failure. In 29% of cases, there was an overdose. Patients must be warned about the most common lactic acidosis-inducing situations, especially dehydration, if they continue taking the drug at such times


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced , Acidosis, Lactic/mortality , Metformin/adverse effects , Tertiary Healthcare , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Incidence
5.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(1): 35-43, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30060893

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of metformin-induced lactic acidosis during the period January 2014 to March 2017 in Aragon Healthcare Area III. To analyse the associated clinical and analytical factors and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 31 cases (61.3% males). Incidence: 79.76 cases/100,000 patients-year; mean age 75.39±9.34 years; 23 of them with levels of serum metformin (21.91±15.52 mcg/ ml); milligrams/day of metformin ingested: 1790.32±499; 96.8% of cases in the context of acute kidney failure; 11 cases with a history of chronic kidney disease (35.5%); 12 required intensive care (38.7%); 13 required purification treatment (41.9%; 3 haemodiafiltration, 10 haemodialysis). There was a significant correlation between daily milligrams of metformin ingested and drug levels; levels of metformin; and peak creatinine, pH and lactate. Mortality was 25.8%. There were only significant differences between the deceased and survivors regarding the duration of stay and final creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression did not detect any study variables associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence in our healthcare area is higher than in other series, with a 25.8% mortality rate. Virtually all cases were in the context of prerenal acute kidney failure. In 29% of cases, there was an overdose. Patients must be warned about the most common lactic acidosis-inducing situations, especially dehydration, if they continue taking the drug at such times.


Subject(s)
Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Metformin/adverse effects , Acidosis, Lactic/epidemiology , Acidosis, Lactic/mortality , Acidosis, Lactic/therapy , Aged , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Incidence , Logistic Models , Male , Metformin/administration & dosage , Sex Distribution , Spain/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers
6.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 36(4): 418-426, jul.-ago. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155401

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El mieloma múltiple (MM) es una tumoración hematológica que se caracteriza por la proliferación incontrolada de células plasmáticas y la existencia de una importante cantidad de cadenas libres en sangre (CLLs) que puede ocasionar un fallo renal agudo por la precipitación intratubular de ellas, causando nefropatía por cilindros. La insuficiencia renal aguda es una complicación que puede presentarse en más de un 20% de los pacientes con MM, y la mitad de estos precisarán diálisis. Métodos: Presentamos nuestra experiencia de 13 pacientes tratados con diálisis mediante filtros de high cut off(HCO), durante el período comprendido entre julio de 2011 y febrero de 2015. Se realizan 6 sesiones consecutivas de 6 h de duración, utilizando un filtro de HCO (Theralite® de Gambro®) de 2,1 m2 de superficie. Posteriormente se continúa con sesiones a días alternos de igual duración. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 151 sesiones; una media de 11,6 sesiones/paciente (rango 6-27). El tratamiento se mostró efectivo para eliminar tanto CLLs kappa como lambda. El porcentaje de disminución de CLLs desde el inicio hasta el final del tratamiento fue del 93,7%. La reducción media por sesión de diálisis fue del 57,7%. En 10 de los 13 casos se recuperó la función renal y los pacientes pudieron permanecer sin diálisis. No hubo grandes cambios en los niveles de albúmina utilizando un protocolo de infusión de 2 viales de 50mL de albúmina al 20% al final de la sesión de diálisis. Conclusiones: El tratamiento combinado con quimioterapia más diálisis largas con filtros de HCO resultó eficaz para reducir el nivel de CLLs y recuperar un nivel de función renal suficiente en el 77% de los casos. Con filtros de HCO se consigue un ahorro significativo, en contraposición a lo descrito previamente en la literatura (AU)


Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological tumour that is characterised by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells and a significant volume of serum free light chains (sFLCs), which can cause acute renal failure due to intratubular precipitation, resulting in cast nephropathy. Acute renal failure is a complication that can arise in more than 20% of patients with multiple myeloma, half of which will require dialysis. Methods: We report our experience with 13 patients who were treated with dialysis using high cut off filters (HCO) between July 2011 and February 2015. A total of 6 consecutive 6-hour sessions were performed using a 2.1 m2 HCO filter (Theralite® by Gambro®). Afterwards, further 6-hour sessions were continued on alternate days. Results: A total of 151 sessions were conducted, with an average of 11.6 sessions per patient (range 6-27). The treatment proved to be effective in removing both kappa and lambda sFLCs, resulting in a 93.7% fall in sFLCs by the end of treatment. The average reduction was 57.7% per dialysis session. 10 out of the 13 cases recovered sufficient renal function to become independent of dialysis. There were no major changes in albumin levels using an infusion protocol of 2 50-mL vials of 20% albumin at the end of the dialysis session. Conclusions: Combination treatment with chemotherapy and long dialysis with HCO filters was effective in reducing the sFLC levels and recovering sufficient renal function in 77% of cases. With HCO filters, significant cost savings are achieved, contrary to what was previously believed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Hemodiafiltration/methods , Hemofiltration/methods , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis/methods
7.
Nefrologia ; 36(4): 418-26, 2016.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27255910

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological tumour that is characterised by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells and a significant volume of serum free light chains (sFLCs), which can cause acute renal failure due to intratubular precipitation, resulting in cast nephropathy. Acute renal failure is a complication that can arise in more than 20% of patients with multiple myeloma, half of which will require dialysis. METHODS: We report our experience with 13 patients who were treated with dialysis using high cut off filters (HCO) between July 2011 and February 2015. A total of 6 consecutive 6-hour sessions were performed using a 2.1 m(2) HCO filter (Theralite® by Gambro®). Afterwards, further 6-hour sessions were continued on alternate days. RESULTS: A total of 151 sessions were conducted, with an average of 11.6 sessions per patient (range 6-27). The treatment proved to be effective in removing both kappa and lambda sFLCs, resulting in a 93.7% fall in sFLCs by the end of treatment. The average reduction was 57.7% per dialysis session. 10 out of the 13 cases recovered sufficient renal function to become independent of dialysis. There were no major changes in albumin levels using an infusion protocol of 2 50-mL vials of 20% albumin at the end of the dialysis session. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment with chemotherapy and long dialysis with HCO filters was effective in reducing the sFLC levels and recovering sufficient renal function in 77% of cases. With HCO filters, significant cost savings are achieved, contrary to what was previously believed.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Renal Dialysis/instrumentation , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Adult , Aged , Albuminuria/etiology , Albuminuria/therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Female , Filtration/instrumentation , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Immunoglobulin Light Chains/analysis , Male , Membranes, Artificial , Middle Aged , Molecular Weight , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Multiple Myeloma/metabolism , Myeloma Proteins/analysis , Renal Dialysis/economics
10.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 35(5): 457-464, sept.-oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-144800

ABSTRACT

Los pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y enfermedad renal que terminan en tratamiento sustitutivo renal constituyen un grupo especial con interés creciente para la nefrología. Con el objetivo de conocer datos epidemiológicos de los pacientes VHI+ en España, recogimos información individualizada durante los años 2004 a 2011 (periodo de uso de tratamiento antiviral de alta eficacia) en las comunidades autónomas (CCAA) de Andalucía, Aragón, Asturias, Cataluña, Comunidad Valenciana, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y León, Galicia, Madrid, La Rioja y País Vasco, que comprendían un 85% de la población española. Se analizó a un total de 271 pacientes incidentes y 209 prevalentes. Se compararon con el resto de pacientes en tratamiento sustitutivo durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. La incidencia anual fue de 0,8 pacientes por millón de habitantes, con un aumento significativo a lo largo del periodo de seguimiento. La proporción de pacientes prevalentes VIH+ fue de 5,1/1.000 pacientes en tratamiento sustitutivo, intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 4,4-5,8. Las causas glomerulares constituyeron la mayoría (42%), aunque hubo un 14% de nefropatía diabética. En el total de España, esos porcentajes son 13 y 25%, respectivamente. Comparando frente al total de pacientes en tratamiento, el riesgo de muerte fue significativamente mayor en el grupo VIH+: hazard ratio (HR) ajustado por edad, sexo y presencia de diabetes: 2,26 (IC 95%: 1,74-2,91). La coinfección por hepatitis C aumentó el riesgo de muerte dentro del grupo VIH+: HR 1,77 (IC 95%: 1,10-2,85). La probabilidad de recibir trasplante renal en los VIH+ solo alcanzó el 17% a los 7 años, comparando con el total de pacientes en diálisis HR: 0,15 (IC 95%: 0,10-0,24). A pesar del uso de las nuevas combinaciones de antivirales, la incidencia de pacientes VIH+ en diálisis se ha incrementado, su mortalidad supera todavía al resto de pacientes, y tienen una tasa de trasplante muy baja. Se hace necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de esta enfermedad para mejorar los resultados (AU)


Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a special group with growing interest. In order to study the epidemiological data of HIV+ patients on RRT in Spain, we collected individual information from 2004-2011 (period of use of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] in the Autonomous Communities of Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Catalonia, Valencia, Castilla la Mancha, Castilla León, Galicia, Madrid, La Rioja and the Basque Country, comprising 85% of the Spanish population. A total of 271 incident and 209 prevalent patients were analysed. They were compared with the remaining patients on RRT during the same period. The annual incidence was 0.8 patients per one million inhabitants, with a significant increase during the follow-up period. The proportion of prevalent HIV+ patientswas 5.1 per 1,000 patients on RRT (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4-5.8. Although glomerular diseases constituted the majority of cases (42%), diabetic nephropathy was the cause in 14% of patients. The nation-wide totals for these percentages were 13 and 25%, respectively. Compared to the total of patients in treatment, the risk of death was significantly higher in the HIV+ group: hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for age, sex and diabetes was 2.26 (95% CI 1.74 - 2.91). Hepatitis C coinfection increased the risk of death in the HIV+ group (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.10 - 2.85). The probability of kidney transplantation in HIV+ was only 17% after 7 years, comparing with total RTT patients (HR 0.15; 95% CI: 0.10-0.24). Despite the use of HAART, the incidence of HIV+ patients on dialysis has increased; their mortality still exceeds non-HIV patients, and they have a very low rate of transplantation. It is necessary to further our knowledge of this disease in order to improve results (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , HIV Infections/complications , Renal Replacement Therapy , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Survival Analysis , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Coinfection/complications , Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data
11.
Nefrologia ; 35(5): 457-64, 2015.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26409500

ABSTRACT

Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a special group with growing interest. In order to study the epidemiological data of HIV+ patients on RRT in Spain, we collected individual information from 2004-2011 (period of use of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] in the Autonomous Communities of Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Catalonia, Valencia, Castilla la Mancha, Castilla León, Galicia, Madrid, La Rioja and the Basque Country, comprising 85% of the Spanish population. A total of 271 incident and 209 prevalent patients were analysed. They were compared with the remaining patients on RRT during the same period. The annual incidence was 0.8 patients per one million inhabitants, with a significant increase during the follow-up period. The proportion of prevalent HIV+ patients was 5.1 per 1,000 patients on RRT (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4-5.8. Although glomerular diseases constituted the majority of cases (42%), diabetic nephropathy was the cause in 14% of patients. The nation-wide totals for these percentages were 13 and 25%, respectively. Compared to the total of patients in treatment, the risk of death was significantly higher in the HIV+ group: hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for age, sex and diabetes was 2.26 (95% CI 1.74 - 2.91). Hepatitis C coinfection increased the risk of death in the HIV+ group (HR 1.77; 95% CI 1.10 - 2.85). The probability of kidney transplantation in HIV+ was only 17% after 7 years, comparing with total RTT patients (HR 0.15; 95% CI: 0.10-0.24). Despite the use of HAART, the incidence of HIV+ patients on dialysis has increased; their mortality still exceeds non-HIV patients, and they have a very low rate of transplantation. It is necessary to further our knowledge of this disease in order to improve results.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Replacement Therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Comorbidity , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Proportional Hazards Models , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Spain , Young Adult
14.
Nefrologia ; 33(6): 797-807, 2013 Nov 13.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24241367

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of phosphate additives in meat and fish processing leads to a phosphorus overload that we cannot quantify through labelling or food composition tables. We analysed this increase by measuring phosphorus content in these products by spectrophotometry. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We determined the phosphorus/protein ratio in fresh meat and fish products with varying degrees of processing by spectrophotometry (phosphorus) and the Kjeldahl method (proteins). We contrasted these results with those reflected in the food composition tables. RESULTS: The phosphorus/protein ratio was higher in processed meat products (15.83 mg/g) than in battered (11.04 mg/g) and frozen meat products (10.5mg/g), and was lower in fresh (8.41 mg/g) and refrigerated meat products (8.78 mg/g). Fresh white fish had a phosphorus/protein ratio of 8.58mg/g, while it increased by 22% (10.3mg/g) in frozen white fish and by 46% (12.54 mg/g) in battered fish. The information in the tables was poor and confusing, and no reference is made to the brands tested. CONCLUSIONS: Processing meat and fish products poses a serious obstacle to the reduction of phosphorus intake. The current regulatory framework does not assist us in the objective of reducing phosphorus additives, since it considers them safe for public consumption. Overcoming these barriers requires a coordinated effort to demonstrate that a high intake of these additives may be harmful to the general population and it should be more closely examined by regulators.


Subject(s)
Food Additives/pharmacology , Food Handling , Meat/analysis , Phosphorus, Dietary/administration & dosage , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Seafood/analysis , Animals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cryopreservation , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Fish Products/adverse effects , Fish Products/analysis , Flour/analysis , Food Additives/adverse effects , Food Additives/analysis , Food Labeling/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Preservation , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/prevention & control , Meat/adverse effects , Meat Products/adverse effects , Meat Products/analysis , Phosphorus, Dietary/adverse effects , Phosphorus, Dietary/analysis , Refrigeration , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diet therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Seafood/adverse effects , Spain
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