Diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata mediante biopsia ampliada de 24 cilindros / Prostate cancer diagnosis using 24 cores extended biopsy

Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la biopsia prostática (BP) ampliada en el cáncer de próstata (CP) y las variables que influyen en su positividad. Material y métodos: Pacientes (n=147) sometidos a BP de 24 cilindros, en el Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, La Coruña, entre diciembre 2002-septiembre 2004. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes ≤70 años con una o más BP negativas o ≤75 años con dos o más BP negativas. Se realizó análisis univariado mediante testΧ2 en variables cualitativas y test t-Student y U de Mann-Whitney, en variables cuantitativas y análisis de regresión logística para determinar variables relacionadas con la positividad de BP ampliada. Resultados: 60 pacientes (40,82%) presentaron CP. Entre los pacientes con BP negativa y positiva, se observaron diferencias significativas en volumen prostático, relación PSA libre/total en la primera BP, relación PSA libre/total en la BP ampliada, PSA-densidad en la BP ampliada y existencia de prostatitis crónica en BP previas. En el análisis multivariado se comprobó que la densidad de PSA y la existencia de prostatitis crónica en BP previas, predecían de forma independiente la positividad de la BP ampliada. Conclusiones: La BP ampliada permite detectar CP en el 40,82% de los pacientes con BP previamente negativas. El incremento de la densidad de PSA se asocia una mayor probabilidad de CP, mientras que la existencia de prostatitis crónica en las BP previas reduce significativamente la probabilidad de CP, en la BP ampliada (AU)

Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of extended prostatic biopsy (PB) in prostate cancer (PC) and variables affecting positivity. Materials and Methods: Patients (n=147) underwent 24 cylinder PB at the Arquitecto Marcide Hospital, Ferrol, La Coruña, between December 2002-September 2004. Inclusion criteria were the following: patients aged ≤70 with one or more negative PB or aged ≤75 with two or more negative PB. An univariate analysis was carried out using the Χ2 test for the qualitative variables and the t-Student and U Mann-Whitney tests in the case of the quantitative variables, plus a logistical regression analysis in order to identify those variables related to the extended PB positivity. Results: 60 patients (40.82%) were identified as having PC. Significant differences were observed in prostatic volume, free/total PSA ratio in the initial PB, free/total PSA ratio in the extended PB, PSA-density in the extended PB as well as the existence of chronic prostatitis in previous PB. During the multivariate analysis it was found that the PSA-density and the presence of chronic prostatitis in previous PB independently predicted the positivity of the extended PB. Conclusions: Extended PB allows for the detection of PC in 40.82% of patients with previous negative PB. The increase in PSA density is associated with a greater probability of PC, whilst the existence of chronic prostatitis in prior PB significantly reduces the probability of PC in the extended PB (AU)

[Prostate cancer diagnosis using 24 cores extended biopsy]. / Diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata mediante biopsia ampliada de 24 cilindros.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic performance of extended prostatic biopsy (PB) in prostate cancer (PC) and variables affecting positivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients (n = 147) underwent 24 cylinder PB at the Arquitecto Marcide Hospital, Ferrol, La Coruña, between December 2002-September 2004. Inclusion criteria were the following: patients aged < or = 70 with one or more negative PB or aged < or = 75 with two or more negative PB. An univariate analysis was carried out using the chi-squared test for the qualitative variables and the t-Student and U Mann-Whitney tests in the case of the quantitative variables, plus a logistical regression analysis in order to identify those variables related to the extended PB positivity. RESULTS: 60 patients (40.82%) were identified as having PC. Significant differences were observed in prostatic volume, free/total PSA ratio in the initial PB, free/total PSA ratio in the extended PB, PSA-density in the extended PB as well as the existence of chronic prostatitis in previous PB. During the multivariate analysis it was found that the PSA-density and the presence of chronic prostatitis in previous PB independently predicted the positivity of the extended PB. CONCLUSIONS: Extended PB allows for the detection of PC in 40.82% of patients with previous negative PB. The increase in PSA density is associated with a greater probability of PC, whilst the existence of chronic prostatitis in prior PB significantly reduces the probability of PC in the extended PB.

[Iatrogenic rupture of the ureter following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. / Rotura yatrógena de uréter secundaria a litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the treatment of choice in most cases of urinary calculi, with the estimation that open surgery is only necessary in 5% of all cases. In most cases, the complications derived from this technique are slight, transitory and of little clinical importance, with isolated cases of serious urological or extraurological injury. These complications are either caused by the action of the stone itself or its fragments, or by the action of shock waves. We present a case of ureteral rupture following treatment of a ureteral calculus using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy which led to a periureteral retroperitoneal abscess that was treated by nephroureterectomy.

[Giant retroperitoneal cystic mass: appendiceal mucocele]. / Masa quística retroperitoneal gigante: mucocele apendicular.

Appendiceal mucocele is a term used to describe the dilatation of the vermiform appendix produced by an intraluminal accumulation of mucus. Four pathological processes have been described that may lead to an appendiceal mucocele: obturation of cecoappendiceal communication, mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma. The most frequent is mucinous cystadenoma, seen in 50% of appendiceal mucoceles. 6% of patients with appendiceal mucocele develop peritoneal pseudomixoma, possibly through dissemination of the epithelial cells into the abdominal cavity. Preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is particularly important in order to deal with it carefully during surgery. CT scan is the most precise radiological exploration, although there are no pathognomonic signs of mucocele. Typical CT finding of a mucocele is a well-defined cystic mass that compresses the cecum without any peripheral inflammatory reaction, and with low levels of attenuation that vary between water and soft tissue density. We present a case of an appendiceal mucocele caused by a mucinous cystadenoma clinically presented as a giant retroperitoneal mass. Diagnosis was postoperatively made, after pathological study of the surgical sample.

Masa quística retroperitoneal gigante: mucocele apendicular / Giant retroperitoneal cystic mass: Appendiceal mucocele

Mucocele apendicular es un término que define la dilatación del apéndice vermiforme producida por acumulación intraluminal de moco. Son cuatro los procesos patológicos descritos que pueden ocasionar un mucocele apendicular: obturación de la comunicación cecoapendicular, hiperplasia mucosa, cistoadenoma mucinoso y cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso. De todos ellos, el cistoadenoma mucinoso es el más frecuente, observándose en el 50% de los mucoceles apendiculares. El 6% de los pacientes con mucocele apendicular desarrollan pseudomixoma peritoneal, posiblemente por diseminación de células epiteliales al interior de la cavidad abdominal. Es de gran importancia el diagnóstico preoperatorio de la lesión, para manipularla cuidadosamente durante el acto quirúrgico. El TAC es la exploración radiológica más precisa, aunque no existen signos patognomónicos de mucocele. En el TAC el mucocele se presenta como una masa quística bien delimitada, que comprime el ciego, sin reacción inflamatoria periférica, y con bajos niveles de atenuación, que oscilan entre densidad agua y tejido blando. Presentamos un caso de mucocele apendicular ocasionado por un cistoadenoma mucinoso, que se presentó clínicamente como masa retroperitoneal gigante. El diagnóstico fue efectuado post-operatoriamente, tras el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica (AU)

Appendiceal mucocele is a term used to describe the dilatation of the vermiform appendix produced by an intraluminal accumulation of mucus. Four pathological processes have been described that may lead to an appendiceal mucocele: obturation of cecoappendiceal communication, mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma. The most frequent is mucinous cystadenoma, seen in 50% of appendiceal mucoceles. 6% of patients with appendiceal mucocele develop peritoneal pseudomixoma, possibly through disseminationof the epithelial cells into the abdominal cavity. Preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is particularly important in order to deal with it carefully during surgery. CT scan is the most precise radiological exploration, although there are no pathognomonic signs of mucocele. Typical CT finding of a mucocele is a well-defined cystic mass that compresses the cecum without any peripheral inflammatory reaction, and with low levels of attenuation that vary between water and soft tissue density. We present a case of an appendiceal mucocele caused by a mucinous cystadenoma clinically presented as a giant retroperitoneal mass. Diagnosis was postoperatively made, after pathological study of the surgical sample (AU)

Meningeal granulocytic sarcoma without evidence of leukemia. Light and ultrastructural study of one case.

An unusual case of meningeal granulocytic sarcoma without evidence of Leukemia is presented. The patient, a 40 year old female, presented with a chronic subdural haematoma. Three months later a large meningeal tumor was discovered adjacent to the previous haematoma and was found to be a granulocytic sarcoma by the use of electron microscopy. The tumor was treated by surgical excision followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient remains free of symptoms and without evidence of leukemia in the peripheral blood or bone marrow 9 months after the diagnosis was established. The ultrastructural findings in the tumor and diagnostic difficulties often encountered are emphasized.