Metodología para el desarrollo del sistema Web para la gestión de los programas de maestría del Instituto Pedro Kourí / Development Methodology of the Web System for the Management of Master's Programs at "Pedro Kourí" institute

Para llevar a cabo proyectos de desarrollo de software y como resultado final obtener un producto de alta calidad, con un bajo costo, un mínimo de esfuerzo y su entrega en tiempo, resultan fundamentales las actividades ejecutadas durante cada fase del proceso de construcción del software, en el que la identificación y elección de la metodología apropiada juegan un papel significativo para el éxito del proyecto. El objetivo del trabajo es proponer una metodología de desarrollo de software en ambiente web, para la gestión de los programas de maestrías del Instituto Pedro Kourí. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se realizó una revisión sobre las metodologías de desarrollo de software existentes, los principios y fundamentos de las mejores prácticas para las metodologías ágiles y las tradicionales más relevantes en la actualidad, se estableció una comparación entre las metodologías seleccionadas y se propuso la metodología RUP (Rational Unified Process por sus siglas en inglés) para el desarrollo de los procesos de ingeniería de software del sistema web para la gestión de los programas de maestrías del Instituto Pedro Kourí(AU)

To carry out software development projects and as a final result obtain a high-quality product, with a low cost, a minimum of effort and its delivery on time, the activities carried out during each phase of the software construction process are fundamental, in which the identification and choice of the appropriate methodology play a significant role for the success of the project. The objective of the work is to propose a methodology for software development in a web environment, for the management of the master's programs of the Pedro Kourí Institute. To carry out this task, a review is carried out on the existing software development methodologies, the principles and foundations of best practices for agile methodologies and the most relevant traditional ones today, a comparison is established between the selected methodologies and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology is proposed for the development of the software engineering processes of the web system for the management of the master's programs of the Pedro Kourí Institute(AU)

Sistema Web para la gestión de los programas de maestrías del Instituto Pedro Kourí / Web System for the Management of Master's Degree Programs at Pedro Kouri Institute

Introducción: La automatización de la información en las instituciones cubanas es una necesidad tecnológica en constante evolución que requiere de un sistema integral de automatización. Objetivo: Implementar un sistema web para la gestión de la información relacionada con los programas de maestrías del Instituto Pedro Kourí. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación aplicada de desarrollo tecnológico y diseño no experimental, descriptivo y de corte transversal; el universo de estudio estuvo formado por 4 especialistas del departamento docente y para la recolección de la información se utilizó la entrevista no estructurada. La metodología de desarrollo de software seleccionada fue Proceso Unificado de Desarrollo y para el modelado del sistema Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado. Las herramientas de desarrollo empleadas fueron: Visual Paradigm for UML 6.4 Enterprise Edition, WampServer 2.0f, MySQL 5.1.30, Zend Studio 5.5.1 y Apache 2.2.11. Resultados y Discusión: Se especificó el modelado de las clases conceptuales y se concibieron los procesos a informatizar. Se realizaron los diagramas de casos de uso del sistema, de secuencia y de clases de diseño. Se automatizó la gestión de información de manera integrada, lo que permitirá obtener y analizar reportes estadísticos y facilitará llevar a cabo un conjunto de acciones encaminadas a mejorar la calidad de los programas de maestrías del instituto. Conclusiones: El Sistema garantizará la automatización de los procesos académicos, beneficiando tanto a alumnos, como a profesores y especialistas del departamento docente de la entidad(AU)

Introduction: The automation of information in Cuban institutions is a constantly evolving technological need that requires a comprehensive automation system. Objective: To implement a web system for the management of information related to the master's programs of the Pedro Kourí"Institute. Material and Methods: An applied research of technological development and non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional design was carried out; the study universe was made up of four specialists from the teaching department and the unstructured interview was used to collect the information. The selected software development methodology was Unified Development Process and the Unified Modeling Language for modeling the system. As development tools: Visual Paradigm for UML 6.4 Enterprise Edition, WampServer 2.0f, MySQL 5.1.30, Zend Studio 5.5.1 and Apache 2.2.11. Results and Discussion: The modeling of the conceptual classes and the processes to be computerized were conceived and specified, as well as the diagrams of use cases of the system, sequence and design classes were made. Information management was automated in an integrated manner, which will allow obtaining and analyzing statistical reports and will facilitate carrying out a set of actions aimed at improving the quality of the institute's master's programs. Conclusions: The System will guarantee the automation of the academic processes, benefiting students, teachers and specialists of the entity's teaching department(AU)

Interferon gamma, TGF-ß1 and RANTES expression in upper airway samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Upper respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Releasing of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the early inflammatory response in upper airway by measuring of IFN-γ, TGF-ß1 and RANTES at mRNA level. Forty five SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, whose were divided in two groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Twenty healthy persons, SARS-CoV-2 negative were included as controls. Higher IFN-γ expression was detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison with controls (p = 0.0393). IFN-γ expression was increased in symptomatic patients (p = 0.0405). TGF-ß1 and RANTES expressions were lower in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than controls (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0011, respectively). A significant correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-ß1 was observed in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic patients (r = +0.61, p = 0.0014). The findings suggest that imbalance between IFN-γ and TGF-ß1 expression could be an impact in clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance in Cuba, 2009-2014.

INTRODUCTION By the end of 2017, there were more than 28,000 individuals living with HIV in Cuba, over 80% receiving antiretroviral therapy, which dramatically reduces viral replication, improves immune status and decreases risk of transmission. These results could be jeopardized by emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance. In 2009, a test for HIV-1 genotypic resistance was introduced in routine clinical practice in Cuba. OBJECTIVE Investigate antiretroviral resistance and its relation to subtype distribution in HIV-1 treatment-naïve and previously treated patients in Cuba. METHODS Resistance and HIV-1 subtype distribution were determined in 342 antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients and 584 previously treated for HIV-1 whose blood specimens were sent to the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute during 2009-2014. Transmitted drug resistance was determined using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool v.6. Drug resistance analysis was conducted using the algorithm Rega v9.1.0. RESULTS Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 11.4%, and 41% of mutated viruses exhibited dual-class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Overall, 84.9% of patients had ≥1 resistance mutation, 80% had ≥1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutation, 71.4% had ≥1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutation and 31.7% had ≥1 protease inhibitor mutation. K65R and K101E mutations were significantly more frequent in subtype C, L210W in CRF19_cpx, and M47V/I in CRF BGs (20, 23, 24). Full class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors and multidrug resistance were detected in 21.2%, 32.4%, 8% and 4.1% of patients, respectively. Average percentage resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor, full class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor and multidrug resistance increased in patients failing two or more regimens. Nevertheless, after 2011, a declining trend was observed in the frequency of multidrug resistance and full class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Detected levels of transmitted drug resistance highlight the need for a national surveillance study in treatment-naïve patients. Resistance prevalence is high in previously treated patients but appears to be decreasing over time. The frequency of resistance mutations in recombinant forms of HIV in Cuba needs further study. KEYWORDS Antiretroviral therapy, highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV, anti-HIV agents, drug resistance, multiple drug resistance, Cuba.

Conocimientos sobre toxoplasmosis de las mujeres en edad fértil de un consultorio médico en Trinidad / Knowledge about toxoplasmosis by women of childbearing age from a family doctor's office located in Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus

Introducción: la toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad de etiología parasitaria causada por el protozoo Toxoplasma gondii, esta entidad resulta de interés para la salud pública debido al riesgo de transmisión del parásito de la madre al feto durante el embarazo. Objetivo: explorar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la toxoplasmosis que poseen las mujeres en edad fértil del Consultorio Médico de la Familia N 0 21 del Policlínico II en Trinidad. Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario sobre el tema a las 119 mujeres en edad fértil del Consultorio antes mencionado, de ellas 15 eran gestantes (12,61 por ciento) y 104 no gestantes (87,39 por ciento).Resultados: se determinó un alto porcentaje de mujeres evaluadas de no satisfactorio. Una cifra considerable de encuestadas relacionó a los gatos con la enfermedad. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de las mujeres encuestadas sobre la toxoplasmosis es insuficiente, lo cual dicta la necesidad de una intervención educativa sobre el tema con vista a prevenir los efectos negativos de la misma(AU)

Introduction: toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is of interest to public health due to the risk of parasite transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Objective: to explore the level of knowledge about toxoplasmosis of women at childbearing age in the family doctor's office no. 21 under polyclinic II in Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus. Methods: across-sectional descriptive study based on questionnaire applied to 119 women of childbearing age of whom 15 were pregnant (12.61 percent ) and 104 non-pregnant women was conducted (87.39 percent). Results: ahigh percentage of tested women showed unsatisfactory results. A sizeable number of respondents related cats to this disease. Conclusions: knowledge of surveyed women on toxoplasmosis was poor, which points to the need for educational intervention about this topic with a view to preventing negative effects(AU)

Conocimientos sobre toxoplasmosis de las mujeres en edad fértil de un consultorio médico en Trinidad / Knowledge about toxoplasmosis by women of childbearing age from a family doctor's office located in Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus

Introducción: la toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad de etiología parasitaria causada por el protozoo Toxoplasma gondii, esta entidad resulta de interés para la salud pública debido al riesgo de transmisión del parásito de la madre al feto durante el embarazo. Objetivo: explorar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la toxoplasmosis que poseen las mujeres en edad fértil del Consultorio Médico de la Familia N 0 21 del Policlínico II en Trinidad. Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario sobre el tema a las 119 mujeres en edad fértil del Consultorio antes mencionado, de ellas 15 eran gestantes (12,61 %) y 104 no gestantes (87,39 %). Resultados: se determinó un alto porcentaje de mujeres evaluadas de no satisfactorio. Una cifra considerable de encuestadas relacionó a los gatos con la enfermedad. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de las mujeres encuestadas sobre la toxoplasmosis es insuficiente, lo cual dicta la necesidad de una intervención educativa sobre el tema con vista a prevenir los efectos negativos de la misma.

Introduction: toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is of interest to public health due to the risk of parasite transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Objective: to explore the level of knowledge about toxoplasmosis of women at childbearing age in the family doctor's office no. 21 under polyclinic II in Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus. Methods: across-sectional descriptive study based on questionnaire applied to 119 women of childbearing age of whom 15 were pregnant (12.61% ) and 104 non-pregnant women was conducted (87.39 % ). Results: ahigh percentage of tested women showed unsatisfactory results. A sizeable number of respondents related cats to this disease. Conclusions: knowledge of surveyed women on toxoplasmosis was poor, which points to the need for educational intervention about this topic with a view to preventing negative effects.