ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Orthopedic functional devices, are used to improve mandibular length in skeletal class II patients. However, the orthopedic functional device with the best effect to increasing the mandibular length, has not been identified before. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT), to determine the best functional appliance improving mandibular length in subjects with retrognathism. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, including studies published and indexed in databases between 1966 and 2016. RCTs evaluating functional appliances' effects on mandibular length (Condilion-Gnation (Co-Gn) and Condilion-Pogonion (Co-Po)), were included. Reports' structure was evaluated according to 2010 CONSORT guide. The outcome measure was distance between Co-Gn and/or Co-Po after treatment. Data were analyzed with Cochran Q Test and random effects model. RESULTS: Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall difference in mandibular length was 1.53 mm (Confidence Interval (CI) 95% 1.15-1.92) in comparison to non-treated group. The Sander Bite Jumping reported the greatest increase in mandibular length (3.40 mm; CI 95% 1.69-5.11), followed by Twin Block, Bionator, Harvold Activator and Frankel devices. CONCLUSIONS: All removable functional appliances, aiming to increase mandibular length, are useful. Sander Bite Jumping was observed to be the most effective device to improve the mandibular length.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion, Angle Class II/rehabilitation , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Retrognathia/therapy , HumansABSTRACT
La maloclusión clase II se presenta por una variedad de configuraciones dentales, funcionales y esquelétales, basadas en: la posición anteroposterior del maxilar y de la mandíbula, posición de los dientes maxilares y mandibulares, y el patrón vertical de los pacientes clase II; siendo el retrognatismo la característica más prevalente en estos pacientes. La etiología es multifactorial incluyendo asi la genetica, el componente familiar y factores medioambientales. La experiencia de varios expertos ha demostrado que es necesario combinar diferentes medios terapéuticos para poder conseguir unos resultados plenamente satisfactorios. Los aparatos intra y extraorales usados para la corrección de la maloclusión esquelética clase II han sido: placas de hawley, planos de mordida, tracción extraoral, aparatología funcional (activadores, bionator, twin-block, Fränkel), las pantallas vestibulares, combinación de aparatología funcional con aparatos extraorales, minitornillos; y más específicamente en el caso de pacientes rotadores posteriores mandibulares se ha usado la tracción extraoral combinada con aparatología funcional con bloques posteriores de mordida. El éxito del tratamiento depende del control y de la evaluación constante al crecimiento y desarrollo de los pacientes clase II en crecimiento. Este artículo describe el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de clase II esquelético con patrón de crecimiento vertical.
Class II malocclusion present a variety of dental, skeletal and functional configurations, based on the anteroposterior position of the maxilla and mandible, position of maxillary and mandibular teeth and the vertical pattern of class II patients, being the retrognatism the most prevalent characteristic in these patients. The etiology is multifactorial including genetic, familial components and environmental factors. The experience of several experts has demonstrated the need to combine different therapeutic means to achieve its full effect. Intra and extraoral appliances used for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusion include Hawley plates , bite planes, headgear, functional appliances (activators, bionator, twin -block, Frankel) , buccal screens, combination of functional with extraoral appliance, mini-screws, and more specifically in the case of mandibular posterior rotator patients the use of high-pull headgear combined with functional appliances with posterior bite blocks and the most recent treatment, orthodontic miniscrews. Treatment success depends on constant monitoring and evaluation of growth and development of growing Class II patients. This article describes the case of a patient diagnosed with skeletal class II with a vertical growth pattern.
ABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivo: El índice PAR evalúa los resultados del tratamiento de ortodoncia en términos de mejora y la calidad técnica de la atención. Se puede utilizar para evaluar las normas de tratamiento de ortodoncia. Una buena oclusión tiene un récord nominal de menos de 5 puntos PAR. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la confiabilidad del índice PAR medido en los modelos dentales digitales y físicos para el diagnóstico de problemas oclusales. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se realizó en 21 modelos de estudio correspondientes a individuos distribuidos equitativamente tanto del sexo femenino como masculino, con diferentes rangos de edades entre 6 y 17 años y en tres tipos de maloclusión (clase I, clase II y oclusiones ideales) escogidos al azar entre 480 modelos disponibles en el grupo de investigación del GIB. Para la medición digital a los modelos de estudio se les tomo un registro de mordida con cera para modelar; las mediciones manuales se realizaron con un calibrador digital y la regla correspondiente al índice PAR; se calibraron 2 investigadores en forma ciega en dos momentos diferentes para la realización de las mediciones. Resultados: Se encontró una excelente confiabilidad de las medidas del índice PAR entre los modelos físicos y los digitales con un coeficiente de correlación intra clase (CCI=0,99) y un intervalo de confianza de 95%. (0,98; 0,99) Conclusión: La medición del índice PAR es igualmente confiable cundo se mide en modelos de yeso que en modelos digitales.
Introduction and objective: The PAR index evaluates the results of orthodontic treatment in terms of improving the technical quality of care. It can be used to assess orthodontic treatment standards. A good occlusion has a nominal record of less than 5 PAR points. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the PAR index measured in physical and digital dental models for diagnosing occlusal problems. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in 21 study models of both female and male patients, with different age ranges between 6 and 17 years and three types of malocclusion (Class I, Class II and ideal occlusions) randomly selected from 480 models available in the IPF Research Group. In order to make digital measurements of study models bite registration with modeling wax were taken; manual measurements were made with a digital caliper and ruler for the PAR index; two researchers were blindly standardized at two different times in order to perform the measurements. Results: An excellent reliability of PAR index measurements was observed between physical and digital models with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0,99) and a confidence interval of 95%. (0,98; 0,99). Conclusions: PAR Index measurements are equally reliable when measured on plaster or digital models.
