Unraveling the rapid CO2 mineralization experiment using the Paraná flood basalts of South America.

CO2 capture and storage in geological reservoirs have the potential to significantly mitigate the effects of anthropogenic gas emissions on global climate. Here, we report the results of the first laboratory experiments of CO2 injection in continental flood basalts of South America. The results show that the analyzed basalts have a mineral assemblage, texture and composition that efficiently allows a fast carbonate precipitation that starts 72 h after injection. Based on the availability of calcium, chemical monitoring indicates an estimated CO2 storage of ~ 75%. The carbonate precipitation led to the precipitation of aragonite (75.9%), dolomite (19.6%), and calcite (4.6%).

MnPc Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures: Optical, Morphological and Structural Properties.

In this work, we report how manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) films obtained using the ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis technique at 40 °C deposited on glass substrate subjected to thermal annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C. The MnPc films were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The absorption spectra of the MnPc films were studied in a wavelength range from 200 to 850 nm, where the characteristic bands of a metallic phthalocyanine known as B and Q bands were observed in this range of the spectrum. The optical energy band (Eg) was calculated using the Tauc equation. It was found that, for these MnPc films, the Eg has the values of 4.41, 4.46, and 3.58 eV corresponded to when they were deposited, annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C, respectively. The Raman spectra of the films showed the characteristic vibrational modes of the MnPc films. In the X-Ray diffractograms of these films, the characteristic diffraction peaks of a metallic phthalocyanine are observed, presenting a monoclinic phase. The SEM images of these films were studied in a cross-section obtaining thicknesses of 2 µm for the deposited film and 1.2 µm and 0.3 µm for the annealed films at 100 °C and 120 °C. Additionally, in the SEM images of these films, average particle sizes ranging from 4 to 0.041 µm were obtained. The results agree with those reported in the literature for MnPc films deposited by performing other techniques.

Nanocomposites of Silicon Oxides and Carbon: Its Study as Luminescent Nanomaterials.

In this work, hybrid structures formed by nanostructured layers, which contain materials, such as porous silicon (PSi), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and silicon-rich oxide (SRO), were studied. The PSi layers were obtained by electrochemical etching over which CNTs and GO were deposited by spin coating. In addition, SRO layers, in which silicon nanocrystals are embedded, were obtained by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained from the hybrid structures with which a comparative analysis was completed among different PL ones. The SRO layers were used to confine the CNTs and GO. The main purpose of making these hybrid structures is to modulate their PL response and obtain different emission energy regions in the PL response. It was found that the PL spectra of the CNTs/SRO and GO/SRO structures exhibit a shift towards high energies compared to those obtained from the PSi layers; likewise, the PSi/CNTs/SRO and PSi/GO/SRO structures show a similar behavior. To identify the different emission mechanisms originated by PSi, GO, CNTs, and SRO, the PL spectra were deconvolved. It was found that the Psi/CNTs/SRO and Psi/GO/SRO structures exhibit a PL shift in respect to the PSi layers, for this reason, the modulation of the PL emission of the structures makes these hybrid structures promising candidates to be applied in the field of photonic and electroluminescent devices.

Time series forecasting for tuberculosis incidence employing neural network models.

Every effort aimed at stopping the expansion of Tuberculosis is important to national programs' struggle to combat this disease. Different computational tools have been proposed in order to design new strategies that allow managing potential patients and thus providing the correct treatment. In this work, artificial neural networks were used for time series forecasting, which were trained with information on reported cases obtained from the national vigilance institution in Colombia. Three neural models were proposed in order to determine the best one according to their forecasting performance. The first approach employed a nonlinear autoregressive model, the second proposal used a recurrent neural network, and the third proposal was based on radial basis functions. The results are presented in terms of the mean average percentage error, which indicates that the models based on traditional methods show better performance compared to connectionist ones. These models contribute to obtaining dynamic information about incidence, thus providing extra-help for health authorities to propose more strategies to control the disease's spread.

MIS-Like Structures with Silicon-Rich Oxide Films Obtained by HFCVD: Their Response as Photodetectors.

MIS-type structures composed of silicon-rich oxide (SRO), thin films deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), show interesting I-V and I-t properties under white light illumination and a response as photodetectors. From electrical measurements, it was found that at a reverse bias of -4 V, the illumination current increased by up to three orders of magnitude relative to the dark current, which was about 82 nA, while the photogenerated current reached a value of 25 µA. The reported MIS structure with SRO as the dielectric layer exhibited a hopping conduction mechanism, and an ohmic conduction mechanism was found with low voltage. I-t measurements confirmed the increased photogenerated current. Furthermore, the MIS structure, characterized by current-wavelength (I-λ) measurements, exhibited a maximum responsivity value at 254 mA/W, specific detectivity (D*) at 2.21 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W-1, and a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 49 pW at a wavelength of 535 nm. The structure exhibited good switching behavior, with rise and fall times between 120 and 150 ms, respectively. These rise and decay times explain the generation and recombination of charge carriers and the trapping and release of traps, respectively. These results make MIS-type structures useful as photodetectors in the 420 to 590 nm range.

Sleep physiological network analysis in children.

Objective: Physiological networks have recently been employed as an alternative to analyze the interaction of the human body. Within this option, different systems are analyzed as nodes inside a communication network as well how information fows. Several studies have been proposed to study sleep subjects with the help of the Granger causality computation over electroencephalographic and heart rate variability signals. However, following this methodology, novel approximations for children subjects are presented here, where comparison between adult and children sleep is followed through the obtained connectivities. Methods: Data from ten adults and children were retrospectively extracted from polysomnography records. Database was extracted from people suspected of having sleep disorders who participated in a previous study. Connectivity was computed based on Granger causality, according to preprocessing of similar studies in this feld. A comparison for adults and children groups with a chi-square test was followed, employing the results of the Granger causality measures. Results: Results show that differences were mainly established for nodes inside the brain network connectivity. Additionally, for interactions between brain and heart networks, it was brought to light that children physiology sends more information from heart to brain nodes compared to the adults group. Discussion: This study represents a frst sight to children sleep analysis, employing the Granger causality computation. It contributes to understand sleep in children employing measurements from physiological signals. Preliminary fndings suggest more interactions inside the brain network for children group compared to adults group.

Spectroscopic Properties of Si-nc in SiOx Films Using HFCVD.

In the present work, non-stoichiometric silicon oxide films (SiOx) deposited using a hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique at short time and simple parameters of depositions are reported. This is motivated by the numerous potential applications of SiOx films in areas such as optoelectronics. SiOx films were characterized with different spectroscopic techniques. The deposited films have interesting characteristics such as the presence of silicon nanoclusters without applying thermal annealing, in addition to a strong photoluminescence after applying thermal annealing in the vicinity of 1.5 eV, which may be attributed to the presence of small, oxidized silicon grains (less than 2 nm) or silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc). An interesting correlation was found between oxygen content, the presence of hydrogen, and the formation of defects in the material, with parameters such as the band gap and the Urbach energies. This correlation is interesting in the development of band gap engineering for this material for applications in photonic devices.

Análisis de artefactos identitarios de la comunidad Indígena Emberá Katío (Resguardo Jaidukama - Ituango, Antioquia -) / Identity artifact analysis of Emberá Katío indigenous community (Jaidukama indigenous reservation in Ituango, Antioquia)

Resumen Los resultados del análisis descriptivo y técnico de artefactos identitarios de la comunidad Indígena Emberá Katío del resguardo Jaidukama ubicada en el Municipio de Ituango, Departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), nos muestra que, para comprender las relaciones culturales mediadas por artefactos, es necesario establecer un análisis relacional entre el individuo y el colectivo de personas que lo usan, el contexto cultural y la acción simbólica y material que trasmite el artefacto; este, es el caso del Chindau y el Jawaho, dos objetos con capacidades físicas y mecánicas que cumplen funciones que hacen posibles actividades prácticas cotidianas en la comunidad.

Abstract The results of the descriptive and technical analysis of identity artifacts of the Emberá Katío indigenous community of the Jaidukama indigenous protected area, located in the Municipality of Ituango, State of Antioquia (Colombia), shows us that, in order to understand the cultural relationships mediated by artifacts, it is necessary to establish a relational analysis between the individual and the group of people who use them, the cultural context, and the material and symbolic action that the artifact conveys. This is the case of the Chindau and the Jawaho, which are two objects with mechanical and physical capabilities that meet functions, which make possible daily practical activities in the community.

Tuberculosis diagnosis support analysis for precarious health information systems.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a world emergency for the World Health Organization. Techniques and new diagnosis tools are important to battle this bacterial infection. There have been many advances in all those fields, but in developing countries such as Colombia, where the resources and infrastructure are limited, new fast and less expensive strategies are increasingly needed. Artificial neural networks are computational intelligence techniques that can be used in this kind of problems and offer additional support in the tuberculosis diagnosis process, providing a tool to medical staff to make decisions about management of subjects under suspicious of tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database extracted from 105 subjects with precarious information of people under suspect of pulmonary tuberculosis was used in this study. Data extracted from sex, age, diabetes, homeless, AIDS status and a variable with clinical knowledge from the medical personnel were used. Models based on artificial neural networks were used, exploring supervised learning to detect the disease. Unsupervised learning was used to create three risk groups based on available information. RESULTS: Obtained results are comparable with traditional techniques for detection of tuberculosis, showing advantages such as fast and low implementation costs. Sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 71% where achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Used techniques allowed to obtain valuable information that can be useful for physicians who treat the disease in decision making processes, especially under limited infrastructure and data.

Seguridad de la dieta parenteral a través de catéter femoral de dos luces / Safety of Parenteral Diet through Dual-lumen Femoral Catheter

OBJETIVOS: Conocer la evidencia de la seguridad del uso de la vía femoral y catéter de dos luces para la administración de dieta parenteral, así como la evidencia en cuanto a complicaciones relacionadas con las distintas vías de acceso venoso central. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión sistemática con aaceso a las principales bases de datos a través del Metabuscador GERIÓN, utilizando como estrategias de búsqueda la limitación temporal (2000-2013) y la combinación de términos del tesaurus y libres para cada uno de los parámetros del formato PICO. Se establecieron criterios de la inclusión y exclusión para la selección de artículos y de calidad para su evaluación (CASPe). RESULTADOS: La vía femoral no sería la primera opción en caso de nutrición parenteral por vía de dos luces, sin embargo, sería la primera elección en caso de hemodiálisis y en aquellos pacientes en los que el acceso por vena cava superior esté contraindicado. La vía subclavia es el acceso que mayor número de complicaciones produce. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados de esta revisión no son suficientemente robustos como para realizar recomendaciones específicas para la toma de decisiones (nivel de evidencia es 2++ y grado de recomendación: C, según la Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)

OBJECTIVES: To find evidence for the safety in the use of femoral pathway and two-lumen catheter for administration of parenteral nutrition, as well as evidence regarding complications associated with the different central venous Access pathways. METHODOLOGY: Systematic review with access to the main databases through the GERIÓN metasearch engine. The search strategies used were: Time limitation (2000-2013) and the combination of Thesaurus and free terms for each one of the parameters in the PICO format. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for their evaluarion (CASPe). RESULTS: The femoral pathway would not be the first option in case of parenteral nutrition through two-lumen pathway; however, it would be first choice in case of hemodialysis and in those patients for whom the superior vena cava access would be contraindicated. Subclavian vein access is the pathway which causes a higher number of complications. CONCLUSIONS: the results of this review are not sufficiently robust for determining specific recommendations for decision making (the level of evidence is 2++ and Level C recommendation, according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN))

Patologías de la comunicación. Proyecto docente para enfermería infantil. Dislalias / Communication pathology. Teaching project for child nursing. Dyslalias

La dislalia, mal conocida como trastorno del lenguaje, es sin duda una de las patologías de la comunicación, concretamente del habla, más común en la infancia. A pesar de que en los distintos servicios de salud en los que presta sus cuidados la profesión de enfermería se encuentran niños con estas dificultades, la formación profesional tanto pre como postgrado es muy deficiente en lo que a patología de la comunicación respecta. Mediante una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica actualizada en la Biblioteca Virtual del Sistema Público de Salud de Andalucía, se pretende dar a conocer los aspectos más relevantes de las dislalias con un objetivo púramente docente, lo que resultará en una mejora en los registros de enfermería, en el uso correcto de la terminología logopédica y en un avance en la coordinación interprofesional, consiguiendo con ello dar calidad e identidad a los cuidados de enfermería (AU)

Dyslalia, bad known as a language disorder, is undoubtedly one of the most common childhood speech communication pathologies. Although nursing provide health care to children with these difficulties along different services, pregraduate and postgraduate training regarding communication pathology is very poor. Through an extensive updated searched literature in the Virtual Library System of Andalusia Public Health, is intended to present the most relevant aspects about dyslalia with pure teaching objective with the aim of improving nursing records, getting correct use in speech therapy terminology and achieving quality and identity in providing nursing care (AU)

Selective ploidy ablation, a high-throughput plasmid transfer protocol, identifies new genes affecting topoisomerase I-induced DNA damage.

We have streamlined the process of transferring plasmids into any yeast strain library by developing a novel mating-based, high-throughput method called selective ploidy ablation (SPA). SPA uses a universal plasmid donor strain that contains conditional centromeres on every chromosome. The plasmid-bearing donor is mated to a recipient, followed by removal of all donor-strain chromosomes, producing a haploid strain containing the transferred plasmid. As proof of principle, we used SPA to transfer plasmids containing wild-type and mutant alleles of DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) into the haploid yeast gene-disruption library. Overexpression of Top1 identified only one sensitive mutation, rpa34, while overexpression of top1-T(722)A allele, a camptothecin mimetic, identified 190 sensitive gene-disruption strains along with rpa34. In addition to known camptothecin-sensitive strains, this set contained mutations in genes involved in the Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex, the kinetochore, and vesicle trafficking. We further show that mutations in several ESCRT vesicle trafficking components increase Top1 levels, which is dependent on SUMO modification. These findings demonstrate the utility of the SPA technique to introduce plasmids into the haploid gene-disruption library to discover new interacting pathways.

Genome-wide analysis of Rad52 foci reveals diverse mechanisms impacting recombination.

To investigate the DNA damage response, we undertook a genome-wide study in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified 86 gene deletions that lead to increased levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci in proliferating diploid cells. More than half of the genes are conserved across species ranging from yeast to humans. Along with genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and chromatin remodeling, we found 22 previously uncharacterized open reading frames. Analysis of recombination rates and synthetic genetic interactions with rad52Delta suggests that multiple mechanisms are responsible for elevated levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci, including increased production of recombinogenic lesions, sister chromatid recombination defects, and improper focus assembly/disassembly. Our cell biological approach demonstrates the diversity of processes that converge on homologous recombination, protect against spontaneous DNA damage, and facilitate efficient repair.

Systematic hybrid LOH: a new method to reduce false positives and negatives during screening of yeast gene deletion libraries.

We have developed a new method, systematic hybrid loss of heterozygosity, to facilitate genomic screens utilizing the yeast gene deletion library. Screening is performed using hybrid diploid strains produced through mating the library haploids with strains from a different genetic background, to minimize the contribution of unpredicted recessive genetic factors present in the individual library strains. We utilize a set of strains where each contains a conditional centromere construct on one of the 16 yeast chromosomes that allows the destabilization and selectable loss of that chromosome. After mating a library gene deletion haploid to such a conditional centromere strain, which corresponds to the chromosome carrying the gene deletion, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the gene deletion locus can be generated in these otherwise hybrid diploids. The use of hybrid diploid strains permits complementation of any spurious recessive mutations in the library strain, facilitating attribution of the observed phenotype to the documented gene deletion and dramatically reducing false positive results commonly obtained in library screens. The systematic hybrid LOH method can be applied to virtually any screen utilizing the yeast non-essential gene deletion library and is particularly useful for screens requiring the introduction of a genetic assay into the library strains.

Functional genomics of the yeast DNA-damage response.

High-throughput approaches are beginning to have an impact on many areas of yeast biology. Two recent studies, using different experimental platforms, provide insight into new pathways involved in the response of yeast to DNA damage.

[Clinical guidelines for the prevention of falls in elderly people]. / Guia de práctica clínica para la prevencion de caídas en el adulto mayor.

Demographic changes in our population are focusing on the health providers to prevent or minimize functional impairments resulting from the various chronic and multiple illnesses to which the elderly are prone. Because of that, we developed strategies that can help us to take decisions in order to identify the risk factors, and to prescribe preventive and rehabilitation programs. With this background, we organized an expert team to develop this guideline with evidence based on medicine methodology, and focus on the first level treatment prescribed by the general practitioner, with the participation of the health team and the support networks.