Charge carrier transport in perylene-based and pyrene-based columnar liquid crystals.

Electron and hole transport characteristics were evaluated for perylene-based and pyrene-based compounds using electron-only and hole-only devices. The perylene presented a columnar hexagonal liquid crystal phase at room temperature with strong molecular π-stacking inside the columns. The pyrene crystallizes bellow 166 °C, preserving the close-packed columnar rectangular structure of the mesophase. Photophysical analysis and numerical calculations assisted the interpretation of positive and negative charge carrier mobilities obtained from fitting the space charge limited regime of current vs voltage curves. The pyrene-based material demonstrated an electron mobility two orders of magnitude higher than the perylene one, indicating the potential of this class of materials as electron transporting layer.

The Incidence of the XRCC1 rs25487 and PON1 rs662 Polymorphisms in a Population from Central Brazil: Patterns in an Area with a High Level of Agricultural Activity.

In Brazil, high levels of agricultural activity are reflected in the consumption of enormous amounts of pesticides. The production of grain in Brazil has been estimated at 289.8 million tons in the 2022 harvest, an expansion of 14.7% compared with 2021. These advances are likely associated with a progressive increase in the occupational exposure of a population to pesticides. The Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) is involved in liver detoxification; the rs662 variant of this gene modifies the activity of the enzyme. The repair of pesticide-induced genetic damage depends on the protein produced by the X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 gene (XRCC). Its function is impaired due to an rs25487 variant. The present study describes the frequencies of the rs662 and rs25487 and their haplotypes in a sample population from Goiás, Brazil. It compares the frequencies with other populations worldwide to verify the variation in the distribution of these SNPs, with 494 unrelated individuals in the state of Goiás. The A allele of the rs25487 variant had a frequency of 26% in the Goiás population, and the modified rs662 G allele had a frequency of 42.8%. Four haplotypes were recorded for the rs25487 (G > A) and rs662 (A > G) markers, with a frequency of 11.9% being recorded for the A-G haplotype (both modified alleles), 30.8% for the G-G haplotype, 14.3% for the A-A haplotype, and 42.8% for the G-A haplotype (both wild-type alleles). We demonstrated the distribution of important SNPs associated with pesticide exposure in an area with a high agricultural activity level, Central Brazil.

Flipped classroom and the use of role-play in the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and learning

Aim In Brazil, COVID-19 remains one of the epicenters of the pandemic, thus, presential educational activities are suspended. The study aimed to describe the approach of flipped classroom performed to provide social distancing and to maintain teaching activities during COVID-19-pandemic. Methods Flipped Classroom was chosen to be associated with the role-play technique as a central methodology. To bring students closer to activities performed in the non-pandemic period, some actions and assessments were also role-played by Professor simulating patients in virtual meetings. Results Although the changes in the format of the lessons, our approaches stimulated the students maintained the high frequency of students in the activities (almost 100%) providing continuity activities. Conclusions This report can reinforce that meaningful learning can be taught by using a virtual/remote approach. However, the potential positive results observed cannot be used as an excuse to maintain remote teaching activities with the objective of cost-cutting by the institutions.

Current jakinibs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: One-third of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not achieve remission or low disease activity, or they have side effects from cDMARD and bDMARD. They will need a new treatment option such as the small molecule JAK inhibitors. In this systematic review, we evaluate the efficacy and safety data of the current jakinibs: tofacitinib, peficitinib, decernotinib, upadacitinib, baricitinib and filgotinib in patients in whom treatment with conventional or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD and/or bDMARD) failed. METHODS: We searched for randomized controlled trials comparing efficacy and safety of jakinibs for RA treatment using the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov databases with the terms: "rheumatoid arthritis" OR "arthritis rheumatoid" OR "RA" AND "inhibitor" OR "jak inhibitor" AND "clinical trial" OR "treatment" OR "therapy". RESULTS: All jakinibs achieved good results in ACR 20, 50, 70 and with CRP-DAS28 for LDA and remission, upadacitinib showed better results compared to the others. In ESR-DAS28 for remission, tofacitinib achieved the best result. Regarding the safety of all jakinibs, peficitinib, baricitinib and filgotinib did not register deaths in their studies unlike tofacitinib that presented 11 deaths. Despite all benefits of jakinibs, the use in patients with severe liver and kidney disease should be avoided. CONCLUSIONS: Jakinibs in monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate can be considered a viable alternative in the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA. Even after failures with combination of cDMARDS and bDMARDS, jakinibs demonstrated efficacy.

Tumor microenvironment and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A crosstalk between the inflammatory state and tumor cell migration.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the inflammatory millieu in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors and the influence of macrophages related-cytokines on the tumor cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inflammatory protein profile and macrophage population (M2/M1 ratio) of human OSCC fragments were analyzed by proteomic analysis and flow cytometry assay respectively. To evaluate the effects of inflammation on OSCC behavior, we analyzed the role of polarized macrophages and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α) on OSCC cell lines (SCC25 and Cal27) responsiveness by western blotting (cell signaling) and time-lapse (cell migration). Also, it was addressed the crosstalk of IL-6-STAT3 axis with cell migration signaling using a STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic®) and a pull down assay for the RhoGTPase Rac1 activity. RESULTS: It was observed a ~2 fold predominance of M2 over M1 macrophages and a pro-inflammatory state in OSCC fragments. The M2 conditioned media increased migration speed and directionality of highly invasive OSCC cells (SCC25). OSCC cell lines were responsive to cytokine stimuli (IL6, IL-1ß and TNF-α), but only IL-6 increased migration properties of OSCC cells. This effect was dependent on STAT3-phosphorylation levels, which interfered with Rac1 activation levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the inflammatory milieu might favor invasion and metastasis of OSCC by the direct effect of macrophage-related cytokines on tumor migration.

Processos de encaminhamento a serviços especializados em cardiologia e endocrinologia pela Atenção Primária à Saúde / Referral processes to services specialized in cardiology and endocrinology for Primary Health Care

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou analisar encaminhamentos de pessoas a serviços de cardiologia e endocrinologia pelos médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudo transversal com questionários a 25 médicos da APS, 2 cardiologistas, 2 endocrinologistas e 1 médico regulador. A análise estatística foi realizada no SPSS, sendo as variáveis contínuas apresentadas como média ou mediana; e as variáveis categóricas, como frequência absoluta e relativa. Entre os médicos da APS, 96% conhecem, 84% utilizam protocolos de encaminhamento e 92% encaminham os pacientes principalmente para manejo de doenças complicadas que necessitam de avaliação do especialista. Entre os especialistas, 50% conhecem os protocolos, e todos apontam que o principal motivo de encaminhamentos para eles ocorre devido a condições crônicas prevalentes mal controladas na APS, sendo considerados pelos endocrinologistas como mal indicados. O médico regulador avalia que a maioria dos documentos de encaminhamento é incompleta e não permite verificar a gravidade do problema. Conclui-se que os protocolos de encaminhamento não estão sendo utilizados de forma a otimizar os fluxos dos usuários na rede de atenção à saúde, indicando a necessidade de revisão de processos de trabalho, capacitação dos profissionais e articulação entre APS, regulação e Atenção Especializada.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze referrals of people to cardiology and endocrinology services by doctors in Primary Health Care (PHC) in a city in Rio Grande do Sul. Cross-sectional study with questionnaires applied to 25 PHC doctors, 2 cardiologists, 2 endocrinologists and 1 regulatory doctor. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS, with continuous variables being presented as mean or median; and categorical variables, such as absolute and relative frequencies. Among PHC doctors, 96% know, 84% use referral protocols, and 92% refer patients mainly to manage complicated diseases that require specialist evaluation. Among the specialists, 50% know the protocols, and all point out that the main reason for referrals to them occurs due to prevalent chronic conditions poorly controlled in PHC, being considered by endocrinologists as poorly indicated. The regulatory doctor assesses that most referral documents is incomplete and does not allow to verify the seriousness of the problem. It is concluded that the referral protocols are not being used in order to optimize the flow of users in the health care network, indicating the need for review of work processes, training of professionals and articulation between PHC, regulation and Specialized Care.

Cultivated areas and rural workers' behavior are responsible for the increase in agricultural intoxications in Brazil? Are these factors associated?

In Brazil, the increased use of pesticides has caused several consequences such as mortality of non-target species, contamination of aquatic environments, and changes in biodiversity. Regarding humans, such products could increase the cases of poisoning, the number of different types of cancer, and also neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, especially in workers who occupationally handle pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the number of agricultural poisonings from 2007 to 2017 and if there is a correlation between harvested areas, and to analyze the possible factors that contribute to poisonings. Our results demonstrated an increase in poisonings by 8% and a correlation with the growth of the harvested area. We emphasize that other factors are also determinant for the increase of poisonings such as the absence or inappropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), the toxicity of mixtures, the mishandling, and the lack of information on how to use and spray such products. Among the circumstances about poisoning, we presented suicide attempts and accidental causes. We found that the area planted and harvested is also associated with the amount of poisoning; however, several other behavioral factors are also determinant for the growth of agricultural poisoning in Brazil.

The importance of understanding the distribution of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and haplotypes in a region with intense agriculture activity.

Brazil is one of the largest pesticide consumers in the world, mainly due to its intense agricultural activity. The State of Goias, situated in Central Brazil, is a region recognized as an essential producer of soy, corn, beans, sorghum, sugar cane, and cotton. In this study, we evaluated 602 unrelated individuals, distributed in central and southern regions in Goias, presenting combined frequencies (haplotypes) of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. In all municipalities, the frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype was 38.2% and of the GSTM1 null genotype was 50.3%. Goiania, the capital of Goias, presented the highest frequencies of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes, probably due to a founder effect of non-representative colonizing ancestors. So, the ancestral population adapted to the environment, with the frequencies observed in Goiania. However, nowadays, as there is excessive use of pesticides, the community becomes susceptible to the harmful effects of xenobiotics exposure, mainly due to the high frequency of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes. As in Goias, the consumption of pesticides has shown considerable growth, haplotypes with null alleles are of high risk for the population. Our results indicated that it is essential to understand the frequencies of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes for the monitoring of risk groups, like farmers, who have contact with pesticides, directly or indirectly, as well as assisting in the development of preventive medicine practices.

Increased DNA damage is not associated to polymorphisms in OGGI DNA repair gene, CYP2E1 detoxification gene, and biochemical and hematological findings in soybeans farmers from Central Brazil.

Our study evaluated 163 individuals, being 74 soybean farmers, occupationally exposed to pesticides, and 89 individuals from Goias municipalities, Central Brazil, with similar conditions to the exposed group, comprising the control group. Of the 74 soybean farmers, 43 exposed directly to pesticides and 31 exposed indirectly. The exposed group consisted of individuals aged 19 to 63 years, 21 women and 53 men, and the control group had ages ranging from 18 to 64 years, being 36 women and 53 men. 18.9% of the exposed group were poisoned by pesticides, and the most common symptoms were headache and gastrointestinal problems. The genotype frequencies of the rs2031920 (T>C) polymorphism in the CYP2E1 gene present significant differences between the exposed and control groups (p = 0.02), showing that 24.3% of the exposed group were heterozygotes against 6.7% in the control group. For the OGG1 gene, two SNPs, rs1052133 (G>C) and rs293795 (T>C), were evaluated and the genotype frequencies were not statistically different between the exposed and control groups. The DNA damage was distinct (p < 0.05) in the three analyzed comet parameters (tail length, Olive tail moment, %DNA) between groups. However, there was no influence of age and alcohol consumption between the groups associated with the polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 and OGG1 genes and DNA damage. We also did not find altered hematological and biochemical parameters in the exposed group. Thus, this pioneering study at Goias State carried out an overview of the health of soybean farmers. We evaluated classic laboratory exams, associated with exposure markers (comet assay) and susceptibility markers (genetic polymorphisms), emphasizing the need to expand the Brazilian health assessment protocol. We found, in soybean farmers, increased DNA damage and a higher number of heterozygotes in CYP2E1 gene, compared with the control group, despite the lack of association with age, educational level, smoking, drinking habits, and genetic polymorphisms.

High CD3+ lymphocytes, low CD66b+ neutrophils, and scarce tumor budding in the invasive front of lip squamous cell carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate tumor budding (TB) and quantify the neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration in the invasive front of lip squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, the associations between these features and the histopathological grading in the invasive front were analyzed. DESIGN: A total of 43 lip squamous cell carcinoma surgical specimens were included and classified in accordance with a histological invasive front grading system. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD66b and CD3 for the evaluation of neutrophils and T lymphocytes, respectively, in the invasive front of the tumors. Tumor budding was evidenced by AE1/AE3 staining. RESULTS: Thirty-six (83.7%) of the tumors were well-differentiated tumors. Eleven (25.6%) of the cases exhibited high-intensity tumor budding. There were low neutrophil and high T lymphocyte infiltrations in the invasive front, leading to a low neutrophil/T lymphocyte ratio in the same region. Moreover, we found an association between tumor budding and the pattern of invasion, and between the CD3+ cell count and the inflammatory infiltrate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The low neutrophil and high T lymphocyte infiltration in the invasive front, and the few high-intensity tumor budding cases are in accordance with the histopathological features of well-differentiated lip tumors. If these characteristics remain in lip squamous cell carcinomas with more aggressive histopathological features, it deserves to be investigated.

NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS alters cell migration by modulating adhesions dynamics.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Cell migration requires the coordinated activation of structural and signalling molecules, such as the RhoGTPase Rac1. It is known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex assembly, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cell membrane, also relies on Rac1 activation, indicating a possible effect of ROS during cell migration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS on the migration process. RESULTS: Using time-lapse videos of CHO.K1 cells plated on fibronectin (2 µg/ml) or collagen (5 µg/cm2 ), we observed that depletion of ROS by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, 10 mM), an unspecific antioxidant, or diphenyliodonium (DPI, 10 µM), a NADPH-oxidase inhibitor, induced a ∼50% decrease in migration speed and severely impacted migration directionality. Then, we analysed the effects of NADPH oxidase on three migratory events: protrusion rate, adhesion process and signalling pathways related to cell migration. DPI induced an increase of ∼3 protrusion/cell, which were 2× faster but had a ∼50% retraction when compared with control. By pull-down assay, we observed no changes on Rac1 activation, indicating that ROS-mediated effects were related to downstream molecules, such as adhesion-related molecules. A reduction of the adhesion marker FAK-Y397 levels in cells treated with NAC and DPI was observed. In order to analyse adhesion dynamics, CHO.K1 cells transfected with paxillin-GFP analysed with total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) indicated that DPI (5 µM) induced larger adhesions when compared with control. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the local generation of NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS can modulate cell migration due to changes on adhesion dynamics and signalling. SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the physiological requirement of ROS for cell migration and the potential use of these molecules as targets to modulate the cell migration process at different diseases.

Evaluating the OGG1 rs1052133 and rs293795 polymorphisms in a sample of rural workers from Central Brazil population: a comparative approach with the 1000 Genomes Project.

Brazilian population is one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world, especially the Central Brazil population. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of genotypes, alleles, haplotypes, and the linkage disequilibrium (DL) of the OGG1 gene in rural workers from Central Brazil, comparing with the populations of the 1000 genome. Three hundred thirty healthy individuals not related and randomly selected were included in this study. We obtained genomic DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes. The 748-bp OGG1 gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Of the 330 individuals, 215 (65%) were males and 115 (35%) were females. There were no differences in the distribution of the rs1052133 and rs293795 with age and sexes. Haplotypes containing only conserved T/C alleles were the most common in our population. The frequency of the mutant alleles of rs1052133 and rs293795, in our population, was 20% and 30%, respectively, and it is noteworthy, worldwide, that mutant alleles are commonly associated to an increased risk for the development of cancer, specially due to direct or indirect contact to pesticides, as occurs in rural workers of Central Brazil population.

Unraveling CYP2E1 haplotypes in alcoholics from Central Brazil: A comparative study with 1000 genomes population.

We evaluated genetic variability of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) situated in the CYP2E1 gene promoter in alcoholics. We also compared 1000 Genomes Project of CYP2E1 polymorphisms with frequencies of genotypes and haplotypes. Eight variation points were exclusively found in Brazilians. The allelic distributions of the rs3813867, rs2031920 and rs2031921 polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 showed that the wild alleles (G, C, T, respectively) had higher frequencies in both groups, alcoholic (96%, 96%, 96%) and a control group (95.8%, 94.9%, 94.9%), when compared to the mutated allele (C, T, C, respectively). The variation points, rs3813867, rs2031920 and rs2031921 showed strong linkage disequilibrium (LOD ≥ 2, D ' = 1). South Asian populations presented larger LD blocks compared to the other populations. Our results showed that the allelic frequencies were markedly different among ethnicities and have contributed to the knowledge regarding the distribution among ethnic groups, being associated to alcohol consumption worldwide.

Margens cirúrgicas no dermatofibrossarcoma protuberans: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Surgical margins of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: case report and literature review

Introdução: O dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante (DFSP) é um tumor fibrohistiocítico de origem dérmica raro, que acomete a pele, representando 1% dos sarcomas de partes moles e menos de 0,1% de todas malignidades. A principal característica deste tipo de tumor é a sua elevada taxa de recidiva local após excisão cirúrgica. Decidir a margem cirúrgica adequada para a ressecção completa é um desafio. Relato de caso: 24 anos, apresenta lesão tumoral vegetante avermelhada no ombro esquerdo, assintomática. Possui história familiar positiva de DFSP em membro inferior. O laudo histopatológico definitivo confirmou Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberans. Discussão: A característica histológica do tumor é a presença de projeções tipo tentáculos de células neoplásicas na periferia que se estendem através do tecido subcutâneo até a fáscia muscular. Certamente, o fator de maior importância para o controle local é a obtenção de margens cirúrgicas livres. A excisão através da cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs é uma ótima opção em regiões onde a excisão ampla não é desejável, como na face. A margem padrão estabelicida em grande parte da literatura é de 3 cm com ressecção até a fáscia muscular, podendo ser diminuida para 2 cm em locais em que a excisão ampla prejudique a conformação do local, como na face. (AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare dermal fibrohistiocytic tumor that affects the skin, accounting for 1% of soft tissue sarcomas and representing less than0.1% of all malignancies. The main characteristic of this type of tumor is a high rate of local recurrence after surgical excision. Deciding the proper surgical margin for complete resection is a challenge. Case report: 24 year-old, shows a reddish vegetative asymptomatic tumor on the left shoulder. She has a positive family history of DFSP in the lower limb. The definitive histopathological report confirmed Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberans. Discussion: The histological feature of the tumor is the presence of tentacle type projections of neoplastic cells in the periphery extending through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscular fascia. Of course, the most important factor for local control is the achievement of free surgical margins. Excision through Mohs micrographic surgery is a great option in regions where wide excision is not desirable, as in the face. The standard margin in most pf the literature is 3 cm resected to the muscular fascia, and it can be reduced to 2 cm in places where the extensive excision impairs the conformation of the site, as in the face. (AU)

Macrophages and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents a tumor microenvironment rich in inflammatory cells. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages can polarize in M1 or M2 profile, where M1 acts as proinflammatory and antitumor, and M2 is anti-inflammatory and shows protumor activity. Several studies have shown that macrophages are important to the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the role of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. A search in the Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge database was performed, and it was included only studies that evaluated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. From initial 286 articles, 14 fully attended the inclusion criteria. In the majority of the articles, it was evaluated only CD68, a panmacrophage marker, or CD163, a M2 marker. Only one article evaluated the M1 marker, CD11c. Besides, 5 articles analyzed the presence of macrophages in different areas of the tumor. Higher concentrations of CD68 and CD163 were associated with worse survival. In conclusion, macrophages are important to OSCC patients' prognosis; however, it is necessary to address in which tumor region the presence of polarized macrophage is more important to the outcome.

First description and evaluation of SNPs in the ADH and ALDH genes in a population of alcoholics in Central-West Brazil.

Worldwide, different studies have reported an association of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) with different types of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In Brazil, there is little information about the occurrence of these SNPs in the AUD population and an absence of studies characterizing the population in the Central-West Region of Brazil. Actually, in Brazil, there are more than 4 million people with AUD. Despite the major health hazards of AUD, information on alcohol consumption and its consequences are not well understood. Therefore, it is extremely important to characterize these SNPs for the better understanding of AUD as a genetic disease in the Brazilian population. The present study, unlike other studies in other countries, is done with a subject population that shows a significant amount of racial homogenization. We evaluated the presence of SNPs in the ADH (ADH1B, ADH1C, and ADH4) and ALDH (ALDH2) genes in alcohol users of Goiânia, State of Goiás - Brazil, and then we established a possible relationship with AUD by allelic and genotypic study. This study was conducted with a population of people with AUD (n = 99) from Goiás Alcohol Dependence Recovery Center (GO CEREA) and Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD), and with a population of people without AUD as controls (n = 100). DNA was extracted from whole-blood samples and the genotyping was performed using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. For characterization and evaluation of SNPs in the population, genotype frequency, allele frequency, haplotype frequency, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and linkage disequilibrium were analyzed. Statistical analyses were calculated by GENEPOP 4.5 and Haploview software. The allele 1 was considered as "wild" (or *1) and allele 2 as mutant (or *2). Significant differences were found for ADH1B*, ADH4*2, and ALDH2*2 SNPs when the genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed. In addition, four haplotypes were observed between ADH1B*2 and ADH1C*2 through linkage disequilibrium analysis. The genetic variants may be associated with protection against AUD in the population studied.

Retrospective analysis of jaw biopsies in young adults. A study of 1599 cases in Southern Brazil

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and the characteristics of jaw lesions diagnosed in young adults aged 20 to 30 years in a southern Brazil reference center, over a period of 25 years. And to analyze the concordance between clinical and histological diagnosis. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, the biopsies files from this center were retrieved and data regarding sex, age, bone localization, clinical and histological diagnosis were collected. The histological diagnosis were grouped into the categories Cystic lesions of odontogenic origin, Periapical inflammation, Odontogenic tumors, Bone diseases, Health tissue and Nonspecific diagnostic. Absolute and relative frequencies were estimated with descriptive analysis. The agreement between clinical and histological diagnosis was measured through Kappa statistic. Results: A total of 18,181 histopathological analysis were performed during the period of the study, registering 1,599 jaw lesions in young adults. The average age of individuals was 24,59 years (SD 3,1). Nine hundred ninety-one (62%) lesions were found in females and 608 (38%) in males. More than half of pathologies were cystic lesions of odontogenic origin (822/51.4%), followed by periapical inflammation (282/17.6%). Regarding the site of lesions, more than half occurred in posterior mandible (877/54.8%), followed by posterior maxilla (339/21.2%). The most frequent entities were periapical cyst, chronic periapical granuloma, dental follicle and paradental cyst, corresponding to a total of 1,202 (75.2%) evaluated cases. In relation to the analysis of concordance between clinical and histological diagnosis the general Kappa index was 0.5, which is considered moderate. Finally, the findings confirm data from literature about the most frequent jaw pathologies in young adults and serve as aid for preventive measures of some entities. Additionally, they can improve the formulation of differential diagnosis and the patient management (AU)

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Low Doses of Curcuma longa Modulates Cell Migration and Cell-Cell Adhesion.

Cell invasion and metastasis are involved in clinical failures in cancer treatment, and both events require the acquisition of a migratory behavior by tumor cells. Curcumin is a promising natural product with anti-proliferative activity, but its effects on cell migration are still unclear. We evaluated the effects of curcumin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell-cell adhesion of keratinocyte, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and fibroblast cell lines, as well as in a xenograft model of OSCC. Curcumin (2 µM) decreased cell proliferation in cell lines with mesenchymal characteristics, while cell death was detected only at 50 µM. We observed that highly migratory cells showed a decrease on migration speed and directionality when treated with 2 or 5 µM of curcumin (50% and 40%, respectively, p < 0.05). Using spheroids, we observed that curcumin dose dependently decreased cell-cell adhesion, especially on tumor-derived spheroids. Also, in a xenograft model with patient-derived OSCC cells, the administration of curcumin decreased tumor growth and aggressiveness when compared with untreated tumors, indicating the potential antitumor effect in oral cancer. These results suggest that lower doses of curcumin can influence several steps involved in tumorigenesis, including migration properties, suggesting a possible use in cancer therapy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from a Service-Based Population

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of the oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) cases registered in a center of oral diagnosis in southern Brazil. Eight hundred and six individuals with OSCC from 1959 to 2012 were included in this study. The variables recorded were: sex, age, occupation according to workplace, alcohol and tobacco consumption, skin color, tumor location, histological type, clinical appearance, size, evolution time, presence of pain and lymph node metastasis. Descriptive analysis was performed and the associations between variables were assessed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test, with a confidence level of 5%. OSSC was more common in males (76.6%) aged between 51 to 70 years (53.9%). The most frequent sites were lower lip vermilion (23.3%), tongue (20.2%) and gingiva/alveolar ridge (18.1%). There was a strong association between outdoor occupation and white skin color with lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). OSCC intraoral lesions were commonly more painful, larger than 2 cm and presented lymphatic metastasis. In conclusion, most of the results confirm the data from literature about sex, age, tumor location and occupation. Moreover, the positive correlations between LSCC and occupation, between LSCC and white skin color, and between bigger lesions and presence of pain/cervical metastasis also corroborate the literature data.

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o perfil clínico-demográfico dos casos de carcinoma de células escamosas oral (CCEO) oral registrados em um centro de diagnóstico bucal no Sul do Brasil. Oitocentos e seis indivíduos com CCEO de 1959 a 2012 foram incluídos no estudo. As variáveis coletadas foram: sexo, idade, ocupação de acordo com o ambiente de trabalho, consumo de álcool e tabaco, cor de pele, localização do tumor, tipo histológico, aparência clínica, tamanho, tempo de evolução, presença de dor e metástase linfonodal. Foi realizada análise descritiva e as associações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas usando qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher, com nível de confiança de 5%. CCE oral foi mais comum em homens (76,6%), entre 51 e 70 anos de idade (53,9%). Os sítios mais frequentes foram vermelhão de lábio inferior (23,3%), língua (20,2%) e gengiva/rebordo alveolar (18,1%). Houve uma forte associação entre ocupação em ambiente externo e cor de pele branca com CCEO em lábio. Lesões intraorais de CCEO foram comumente mais dolorosas, maiores que 2 cm e apresentaram metástase linfática. Em conclusão, a maioria dos resultados confirma os dados da literatura em relação a sexo, idade, localização do tumor e ocupação. Além disso, as correlações positivas entre CCE em lábio e ocupação, entre CCEO em lábio e cor de pele branca, e entre lesões maiores e presença de dor/metástase cervical também corroboram os dados da literatura.

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from a Service-Based Population.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of the oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) cases registered in a center of oral diagnosis in southern Brazil. Eight hundred and six individuals with OSCC from 1959 to 2012 were included in this study. The variables recorded were: sex, age, occupation according to workplace, alcohol and tobacco consumption, skin color, tumor location, histological type, clinical appearance, size, evolution time, presence of pain and lymph node metastasis. Descriptive analysis was performed and the associations between variables were assessed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test, with a confidence level of 5%. OSSC was more common in males (76.6%) aged between 51 to 70 years (53.9%). The most frequent sites were lower lip vermilion (23.3%), tongue (20.2%) and gingiva/alveolar ridge (18.1%). There was a strong association between outdoor occupation and white skin color with lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). OSCC intraoral lesions were commonly more painful, larger than 2 cm and presented lymphatic metastasis. In conclusion, most of the results confirm the data from literature about sex, age, tumor location and occupation. Moreover, the positive correlations between LSCC and occupation, between LSCC and white skin color, and between bigger lesions and presence of pain/cervical metastasis also corroborate the literature data.