ABSTRACT
Background: The interaction between lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass index (FMI) with grip strength (GS) has not been explored in the same analysis model in adolescents. This study thus aims to analyze the association between FMI and LBM with GS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2016 follow-up of the 1997/98 Birth Cohort of São Luís. Grip strength was assessed by the Jamar Plus + dynamometer. The LBM and FMI indexes were assessed [ratio of the mass (lean or fat-kg) to height (m2)]. The confounding variables identified for the relationship between FMI and LBM with GS in the same analysis model, by directed acyclic graph (DAG), were sex, age, race, work, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and consumption of ultra-processed foods and culinary preparations, used in the adjusted analysis. Results: A total of 2339 adolescents (52.5% girls) were analyzed. The boys have a higher GS than the girls. In the adjusted analysis, with each increase of 1 kg/m2 in the FMI, GS was reduced by 0.72 kgf for boys and 0.35 kgf for girls. At each increase of 1 kg/m2 in the LBM, GS increased by 2.18 kgf for boys and 1.26 kgf for girls. Conclusions: FMI was associated with lower GS regardless of the LBM. LBM was associated with higher GS regardless of the FMI.
Subject(s)
Body Composition , Body Height , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise , Female , Hand Strength , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of the consumption of foods of the ultra-processed group (UPF) with inflammatory markers in the adolescent population in Northeastern Brazil. DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. Food consumption was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recalls using the NOVA classification for food processing levels. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the association between the percentage of UPF energy contribution and inflammatory markers. SETTING: São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 391 male and female adolescents, aged from 17 to 18 years. RESULTS: The average daily energy consumption by adolescents was 8032·9 kJ/d, of which 26·1 % originated from UPF. The upper tertile (T3) of UPF consumption presented higher intake of simple carbohydrates, lipids, saturated fat, and Na and lower protein intake. Individuals in T3 presented higher serum leptin and CRP levels (P < 0·05). Adolescents with UPF energy consumption ≥30·0 % (tertile 3 of UPF) had a 79 % (exp (0·58) = 1·79) increase in IL-8 levels when compared with adolescents in tertile 1 of UPF (P = 0·013). CONCLUSIONS: The association between the consumption of UPF, poor quality diet and pro-inflammatory markers have important harmful effects that can be observed as early as in adolescence.
Subject(s)
Energy Intake , Interleukin-8 , Adolescent , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Fast Foods , Female , Food Handling , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: body fat reflects important clinical impacts among hemodialysis patients; thus, simple and safe methods are required for a careful evaluation of this body compartment. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the concordance of estimates of total body fat percentage (%BF), calculated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and sum of four skinfolds (SSKD) measures, with those obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 317 patients undergoing hemodialysis. The %BF was evaluated using BIA, SSKD measurement, and DEXA, and stratified by sex and tertiles. The Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used to compare the %BF obtained using the different methods, and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC-L) to evaluate concordance. RESULTS: the average %BF estimated using DEXA was 29.3 ± 9.3 %, with significant differences among the three methods (p < 0.05). SSKD measurement presented a higher CCC-L concordance with DEXA, regardless of sex. After stratification of the sample in tertiles, BIA presented a higher CCC-L concordance with DEXA among the patients with CKD with a %BF above 34.4 % (third tertile). Conversely, SSKD measurement presented better concordance with DEXA for those with a %BF equal to or less than 34.4 %. CONCLUSIONS: in terms of the estimates of the %BF, SSKD measurement displayed a better concordance with DEXA
INTRODUCCIÓN: la grasa corporal refleja importantes impactos clínicos entre los pacientes en hemodiálisis; por lo tanto, se requieren métodos simples y seguros para una evaluación cuidadosa de este compartimiento del cuerpo. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la concordancia de las estimaciones del porcentaje de grasa corporal total (%GC), calculadas mediante el análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) y la suma de las medidas de cuatro pliegues cutáneos (CPC), con las obtenidas mediante absorciometría dual energética de rayos X (DEXA) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que reciben hemodiálisis. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio transversal en 317 pacientes en hemodiálisis. La %GC se evaluó mediante BIA, medición de CPC y DEXA, y se estratificó por sexos y terciles. Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas para comparar los %GC obtenidos con los diferentes métodos, y el coeficiente de correlación de concordancia de Lin (CCC-L) para evaluar la concordancia. RESULTADOS: el %GC promedio estimado usando DEXA fue del 29,3 ± 9,3 %, con diferencias significativas entre los tres métodos (p < 0,05). La medición de los CPC presentó una mayor concordancia de CCC-L con DEXA, independientemente del sexo. Tras la estratificación de la muestra en terciles, la BIA presentó una mayor concordancia de CCC-L con DEXA entre los pacientes con ERC con un %GC superior al 34,4 % (tercer tercil). Por el contrario, la medición de los CPC presentó una mejor concordancia con la DEXA para aquellos con un %GC igual o inferior al 34,4 %. CONCLUSIÓN: en términos de las estimaciones del %GC, la medición de los CPC mostró una mejor concordancia con la DEXA
