Performance of family health teams for tackling chronic diseases in a state of the Amazon.

The most common cause of death worldwide is noncommunicable diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the work process among family health teams and compare differences in regional adequacy in the state of Tocantins, in the Amazonian Region, Brazil. Categorical principal components analysis was used, and scores of each principal component extracted in the analysis were compared among health regions in Tocantins. A post hoc analysis was performed to compare the heath region pairs. The adequacy of family health teams' work process was evaluated with respect to the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs. The results showed that the family health teams performed actions according to the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs. However, overall, the adequacy percentages of these actions according to the axes of the Plan are very uneven in Tocantins, with large variations among health regions. The family health teams in the Bico do Papagaio (Region 1), Médio Norte Araguaia (Region 2), Cantão (Region 4) and Capim Dourado (Region 5) regions have adequacy percentages ≥ 50% with the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs, whereas all other regions have percentages <50%. Health teams perform surveillance actions, health promotion, and comprehensive care for NCDs in accordance with the guidelines of the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs. The challenge of NCDs in primary care requires a care model that is tailored to users' needs and has the power to reduce premature mortality and its determinants.

Evaluation of the primary care for chronic diseases in the high coverage context of the Family Health Strategy.

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study evaluated the adequacy of the Family Health Strategy for the primary care model for chronic noncommunicable diseases and the changes that occurred between the two cycles of external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care, which took place in 2012 and 2014, in the higher coverage context of the Family Health Strategy of Brazil, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: The data source contained information on the infrastructure of the 233 Primary Health Units and on the work process of 266 health teams. The Principal Component Analysis for Categorical Data technique and the McNemar chi-squared statistical test for comparing paired samples were used, and a significance level of 5% with a 95% Confidence Interval was used. RESULTS: The analysis identified a low proportion of dispensing of medications for the treatment of chronic disease in both cycles. There was a significant increase in seasonal influenza vaccination, in the number of sterilization, procedure, dressings and inhalation rooms. There was a small but significant reduction in the materials for cervical cancer screening, although they are available in almost 90.0% of the PHUs. More than 70.0% of the health teams carried out additional health education activities, encouraged physical activity, registered schoolchildren with health needs for monitoring, evaluated user satisfaction and user referral. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlighted the improvement of the structure of the Primary Health Units, but identified a low provision of medicines to treat chronic diseases. The health promotion was performed as the main work process tool of family health teams, but it was little focused on intersectoral actions and on actions with the population in the area or on the empowerment of users through self-management support for chronic diseases. Furthermore, it is critical that the Family Health Strategy in Tocantins be organized and focused on the care of chronic diseases to improve and adapt itself to a primary chronic care model.

Tendências da mortalidade infantil no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, 1979 a 2004 / Childhood mortality trends in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil,1979-2004

A taxa de mortalidade infantil é utilizada como indicador da qualidade de vida das nações, da organização dos serviços de saúde e da assistência e, no Brasil, é observada uma tendência à queda deste indicador. Objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as tendências da mortalidade infantil da série histórica dos coeficientes de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes no Estado do Espírito Santo no período de 1979 a 2004. Trata-se de um estudo de série histórica cuja fonte de dados é composta pelos bancos de dados do SIM, IBGE e SINASC. As análises das tendências constituem-se de cálculos das retas de regressão linear para o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes pelo programa SPSS, versão 12.0 e o programa MicrosoftOffice Excel, versão 2003. As tendências do coeficiente de mortalidade infantil e seus componentes no Estado do Espírito Santo são decrescentes e estatisticamente significantes(p<0,0001). O componente pós-neonatal apresenta-se como maior índice de queda e o neonatal como o que mais contribui para a mortalidade infantil, devido ao elevado número de mortes neonatais precoces. De todos os componentes da mortalidade infantil, o que apresenta menor redução é o neonatal tardio. É necessária a intensificação de esforços na tentativa de ampliar o acesso à assistência materno-infantil com qualidade a fim de reduzir as altas taxas de mortalidade neonatal, especialmente a neonatal precoce.

Childhood mortality rate, used as an indicator of the qualityof life of nations and of the organization of health careservices, has been falling in Brazil. This study attempted toidentify childhood mortality trends through the historicalseries of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, during the period1979-2004. The data were obtained from the BrazilianMortality Information System (SIM), Geography and StatisticsInstitute (IBGE) and Live Birth Information System(SINASC) databanks. Trend analyses were made throughlinear regression calculations for the childhood mortalityrate and its components, with the SPSS version 12.0 andMicrosoft Office Excel, version 2003 programs. Therewas a statistically significant (p<0.0001) decreasing trendfor the childhood mortality rate and its components in thestate of Espírito Santo. While the post-neonatal componentexperienced the largest decrease, the neonatal componentwas the greatest contributor to childhood mortality, dueto the large number of early neonatal deaths. Of all thecomponents of childhood death, the smallest reduction wasseen in the late neonatal period. Improved access to qualitymother-child care is necessary to reduce the high neonatalmortality rates, especially early neonatal ones.

Políticas de saúde materna no Brasil: os nexos com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil / Maternal health policies in Brazil: relations to maternal and child health indicators

Desde o início do processo de medicalização diversos esforços ocorreram para a perpetuação da força de trabalho. Uma das medidas para o exercício do controle estatal foi a institucionalização do parto. Com isso, o entendimento sobre os processos fisiológicos e patológicos referentes à gestante, ao parto e ao recém-nascido avançou nos campos científico e tecnológico, permitindo a intervenção médica para melhoria das condições de saúde materno-infantil. O presente estudo se propõe a identificar as principais legislações que fundamentaram a formulação e a execução de políticas públicas para a saúde materno-infantil no Brasil, a partir da década de 1980, além de estabelecer as relações dessas políticas com indicadores de mortalidade materna e neonatal, no período de 1996 a 2005. Uma pesquisa documental foi realizada para identificar as principais legislações aprovadas e políticas implementadas pelo Ministério da Saúde relacionadas à saúde materno-infantil; enquanto os dados referentes aos indicadores de saúde foram coletados nas bases de dados do SINASC e SIM e disponibilizados on-line. Concluiu-se que as políticas públicas geradas no seio da sociedade pelos movimentos sociais na década de 1980, apesar de seus limites, culminaram na consolidação de diversas leis e programas de saúde voltados à atenção materno-infantil e estas tiveram papel importante na organização dos sistemas e serviços de saúde, de modo a refletir na melhoria dos indicadores de mortalidade neonatal nos anos 1990 e 2000. Entretanto, a persistência dos elevados índices de mortalidade materna leva ao questionamento inevitável de que as políticas de gênero não têm conseguido êxito tão significativo.