ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an inherited condition associated with excessive iron storage. Its strong presence is underestimated because patients are asymptomatic. In the city of Caxias do Sul (RS), due to the higher frequency of the disease, it is necessary to perform a study that relates the HH genotypes to laboratory analyses. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the C282Y, H63D and S65C polymorphisms and laboratory markers in the study cases. Methods: The study was carried out based on the analysis of medical records from 283 patients assisted from January 2010 to January 2013, older than 18 years of age, who performed the genotyping protocol for HH and laboratory exams. The analysis of markers between genotype and laboratory exams was performed by the SPSS20.0 software. Results: The most frequent genetic alterations were in H63D/WT 84 (31%) and C282Y/WT 17 (6.2%). The most compatible genotype for HH was C282Y/C282Y, even though it did not show significant results. The elevated serum ferritin level was slightly higher (p < 0.05) in the study groups, and all of them were above the reference value. We observed in C282Y/C282Y and H63D/C282Y genotypes an insignificant increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Conclusion: According to the study, it was possible to observe a significant elevated serum ferritin level in all HH genotypes.
RESUMO Introdução: A hemocromatose hereditária (HH) é uma doença hereditária associada ao armazenamento em excesso de ferro. Sua forte presença é subestimada por ser assintomática nos pacientes. Na cidade de Caxias do Sul (RS), por conta da maior frequência da doença, é necessário realizar um estudo que relaciona os genótipos HH com as análises laboratoriais. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação dos polimorfismos C282Y, H63D e S65C e dos indicadores laboratoriais dos casos estudados. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com base na análise de registros médicos de 283 pacientes atendidos no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2013, maiores de 18 anos, os quais realizaram o protocolo de genotipados para exames HH e laboratoriais. A análise de indicadores entre o genótipo e os exames laboratoriais foi realizada pelo software SPSS 20.0. Resultados: As alterações genéticas mais frequentes foram H63D/WT 84 (31%) e C282Y/WT 17 (6,2%). O genótipo que apresentou alteração mais compatível com a HH foi o C282Y/C282Y, mesmo ele não tendo demonstrado resultados significativos. O aumento da ferritina foi ligeiramente maior (p < 0,05) nos grupos estudados, estando todos acima do valor de referência. Observou-se nos genótipos C282Y/C282Y e H63D/C282Y aumento insignificante no volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e na hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM). Conclusão: De acordo com o estudo, foi possível observar um aumento significativo da ferritina em todos os genótipos HH.
ABSTRACT
Inflammation is a pivotal component of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and tumour progression. Various naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are considered to be potential drug candidates against inflammation-related pathological processes. Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum (Willd.) Eshbaugh (Solanaceae) is the most consumed species in Brazil, and its compounds, such as capsaicinoids, have been found to inhibit the inflammatory process. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of C. baccatum have not been characterized. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of C. baccatum juice in animal models of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and immune inflammation induced by methylated bovine serum albumin. Pretreatment (30 min) of rats with pepper juice (0.25-2.0 g kg(-1)) significantly decreased leucocyte and neutrophil migration, exudate volume and protein and LDH concentration in pleural exudates of a pleurisy model. This juice also inhibited neutrophil migration and reduced the vascular permeability on carrageenan-induced peritonitis in mice. C. baccatum juice also reduced neutrophil recruitment and exudate levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in mouse inflammatory immune peritonitis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the main constituent of C. baccatum juice, as extracted with chloroform, is capsaicin. In agreement with this, capsaicin was able to inhibit the neutrophil migration towards the inflammatory focus. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the anti-inflammatory effect of C. baccatum juice and our data suggest that this effect may be induced by capsaicin. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect induced by red pepper may be by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production at the inflammatory site.
