ABSTRACT
To contribute as an auxiliary tool for orthodontic and orthognathic planning and treatment, short-term changes on the lower face soft and hard tissues were investigated. All subjects presented adequate maxillary relation with the cranial base. The treatment was done by mandibular advancement in patients with skeletal class II or setback in skeletal class III, by the same oral surgeon, using the same technique, and rigid internal fixation. Lateral cephalograms were traced at the following intervals: T0--immediately before the surgical procedure, T1--6 months after surgery, and T2--1 year after surgery. The postoperative data of the lower face revealed highly significant changes for the soft tissue pogonion and lower lip, in the mandible advancement cases, whereas the underlying bone and dental structures remained constant. For the mandible setback cases, just the hard tissue pogonion variable displayed a statistically significant change.
Subject(s)
Face/anatomy & histology , Mandible/surgery , Mandibular Advancement , Prognathism/surgery , Retrognathia/surgery , Adult , Cephalometry , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Humans , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/surgery , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/surgery , Postoperative Period , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Clinical application of virtual craniomaxillofacial surgery (VCMS) planning is demonstrated with four typical cases. An integral component to success is transferring the surgical plan to the operating environment within a reasonable time frame through the design and fabrication of surgical guides and implants.
Subject(s)
Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , User-Computer Interface , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
The relationship between cranial base flexion and facial prognathism has been of interest to orthodontists, orthognathic maxillofacial surgeons, and plastic surgeons. This study aimed to identify the cranial base flexion of adults with anteroposterior skeletal disharmony. Because the sample was representing a mixed racial population, the authors performed an investigation to confirm an association with other researches performed in different parts of the world. The results revealed an increase in the cranial base flexion in cases diagnosed as class II skeletal pattern and reduction in the group with class III skeletal pattern. These findings suggested that the characteristics of the Brazilian cases did not differ from some other studies despite various influences of different ethnicities in that population.
Subject(s)
Cephalometry/methods , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/pathology , Skull Base/pathology , Adult , Brazil , Ear Canal/pathology , Humans , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/ethnology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/ethnology , Mandible/pathology , Mandibular Condyle/pathology , Maxilla/pathology , Nasal Bone/pathology , Orbit/pathology , Orthodontics, Corrective , Sella Turcica/pathology , Temporal Bone/pathologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to report a protocol for treating an orthodontic patient with a high risk of developing caries. The salivary level of Streptococcus mutans was evaluated during various stages of orthodontic treatment. It was significantly high before professional application of 1% chlorhexidine collagen gel, daily mouth rinsing with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution, and bonding of the bands and brackets. Although there were no other changes in hygiene habits, microbiologic tests showed that the microbiota was in balance during the follow-up periods. At the end of orthodontic treatment, periodontal health was observed, and enamel surfaces showed signs of remineralization.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects , Adolescent , Cariostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Clinical Protocols , Collagen , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Plaque/drug therapy , Gels , Humans , Malocclusion/therapy , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Orthodontic Brackets , Risk , Saliva/microbiology , Sodium Fluoride/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Three-dimensional volumetric imaging allows better visualization of the morphologic deformity, planning the surgical approach, and evaluating the response not visualized previously with two-dimensional dentofacial records. This in time will replace conventional two-dimensional cephalometric planning and plaster cast model surgery. Three-dimensional craniofacial imaging requires application of various techniques from applied mathematics, computer sciences, and bioengineering. Although it is today in its infancy, it has the potential to accurately simulate the operative experience for surgical planning, with improved morphologic outcomes, patient-specific biomechanical modeling to allow functional assessment of the various outcomes, and accurate simulation for surgical resident training.
