Factors associated with common mental disorders among farmers in a medium-sized municipality in Northeastern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in Northeastern Brazil between 2019 and 2020. METHODS: Trained interviewers applied the standardized questionnaire in 450 participants. Sociodemographic, health, income and working characteristics were assessed. The screening of common mental disorders was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionaire, with the cutoff point ≥ 7 for women and ≥ 5 for men. Poisson regression with robust estimation was applied to verify the prevalence ratios in the bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of common mental disorders among farmers was 55.1% (95%CI: 50.4-59.6). The variables that remained significant and associated with common mental disorders were: men (PR = 1.7), > 60 years old (PR = 0.5), poor or very poor self-assessment of health (PR = 1.4), previous mental health treatment (PR = 1.2), alcohol abuse (PR = 1.2) and loss of production (PR = 1.3). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that common mental disorders are associated with individual factors and with the farmers' context of life and work, which shows the importance of social, economic and health services support to this group of workers.

Factors associated with common mental disorders among farmers in a medium-sized municipality in Northeastern Brazil / Fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns entre agricultores em um município de médio porte no nordeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in Northeastern Brazil between 2019 and 2020. METHODS Trained interviewers applied the standardized questionnaire in 450 participants. Sociodemographic, health, income and working characteristics were assessed. The screening of common mental disorders was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionaire, with the cutoff point ≥ 7 for women and ≥ 5 for men. Poisson regression with robust estimation was applied to verify the prevalence ratios in the bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of common mental disorders among farmers was 55.1% (95%CI: 50.4-59.6). The variables that remained significant and associated with common mental disorders were: men (PR = 1.7), > 60 years old (PR = 0.5), poor or very poor self-assessment of health (PR = 1.4), previous mental health treatment (PR = 1.2), alcohol abuse (PR = 1.2) and loss of production (PR = 1.3). CONCLUSION These results indicate that common mental disorders are associated with individual factors and with the farmers' context of life and work, which shows the importance of social, economic and health services support to this group of workers.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns entre agricultores residentes em um município de médio porte no nordeste do Brasil, entre 2019 e 2020. MÉTODOS Entrevistadoras treinadas aplicaram o questionário padronizado em 450 participantes. Investigou-se características sociodemográficas, de saúde, renda e trabalho. O rastreamento dos transtornos mentais comuns foi realizado mediante a utilização do questionário SRQ-20 ( Self-Reporting Questionaire ), com o ponto de corte ≥ 7 para mulheres e ≥ 5 para homens. Foi aplicada a regressão de Poisson com estimação robusta para verificar as razões de prevalência na análise bivariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS A prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns entre agricultores foi de 55,1% (IC95% 50,4-59,6). As variáveis que permaneceram significativas e associadas aos transtornos mentais comuns foram: ser do sexo masculino (RP = 1,7), ter mais de 60 anos (RP = 0,5), ter autoavaliação de saúde ruim ou muito ruim (RP = 1,4), ter realizado tratamento anterior para saúde mental (RP = 1,2), fazer uso abusivo do álcool (RP = 1,2) e ter tido perda de produção (RP = 1,3). CONCLUSÃO Esses resultados indicam que os transtornos mentais comuns estão associados a fatores individuais e do contexto de vida e trabalho dos agricultores, o que demonstra a importância do suporte social, econômico e dos serviços de saúde a esse grupo de trabalhadores.

Oferta de serviços e recursos humanos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no Brasil / Offer of services and human resources of the Psychosocial Care Network in Brazil / Oferta de servicios y recursos humanos de la Red de Atención Psicosocial en Brasil

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial da estrutura e dos recursos humanos que compõem a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, de acordo com as Regiões Imediatas de Articulação Urbana (RIAU) no Brasil. Métodos: o estudo analisou 27 variáveis de estrutura e nove variáveis de recursos humanos registradas no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foi realizada análise descritiva e análise espacial pelas técnicas de Moran Global (I) e Local. Resultados: foi caracterizada a inexistência dos serviços para mais de 75% das RIAU. Para as variáveis "ACS, UBS, NASF I e Médicos da Família", clusters de altas taxas estão localizados no Nordeste. Já para as variáveis "Psicólogos, Psiquiatras e Terapeuta Ocupacional", os aglomerados de elevadas taxas se concentram nas regiões Sudeste e parte do Sul. Conclusão: existem vazios assistenciais na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial na região Norte do Brasil, com maior concentração de serviços e de profissionais nas regiões Sul e Sudeste.

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the structure and human resources that make up the Psychosocial Care Network, according to the Immediate Regions of Urban Articulation (RIAU) in Brazil. Methods: The study analyzed 27 structure variables and nine human resources variables registered in the National Register of Health Facilities. Descriptive analysis and spatial analysis were performed using Moran Global (I) and Local techniques. Results: The lack of services was characterized for more than 75% of the RIAU. For the variables "ACS, UBS, NASF I and Family Physicians", high-rate clusters are located in the Northeast. Regarding the variables "Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Occupational Therapist", the high-rate clusters are concentrated in the Southeast and Southern parts. Conclusion: there are care gaps in the Psychosocial Care Network in Northern Brazil, with a higher concentration of services and professionals in the South and Southeast.

Objetivo: Analizar la distribución espacial de la estructura y los recursos humanos que conforman Red de Atención Psicosocial, según las Regiones Inmediatas de Articulación Urbana (RIAU) en Brasil. Métodos: El estudio analizó 27 variables de estructura y nueve variables de recursos humanos registradas en el Registro Nacional de Instalaciones de Salud. El análisis descriptivo y el análisis espacial se realizaron utilizando las técnicas Moran Global (I) y Local. Resultados: La falta de servicios se caracterizó en más del 75% de RIAU. Para las variables "ACS, UBS, NASF I y Médicos de Familia", los grupos de alta tasa se encuentran en el noreste. Para las variables "Psicólogos, Psiquiatras y Terapeuta Ocupacional", los grupos de alta tasa se concentran en el Sudeste y el Sur. Conclusión: existen brechas asistenciales en la Red de Atención Psicosocial en el Norte de Brasil, con una mayor concentración de servicios y profesionales en el Sur y Sudeste.

Abuse of alcohol among farmers: Prevalence and associated factors.

We sought to identify the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol abuse among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in northeastern Brazil during 2019 and 2020. Trained interviewers applied the standardized questionnaire to 450 participants. Sociodemographic, health, income and work characteristics were investigated. The tracking of alcohol misuse was done using the CAGE questionnaire (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty and Eye-opener), being the cut-off point ≥ 2. Poisson Regression was applied with robust estimation to verify the reasons of prevalence (RP) in bivariate and multivariate analysis. The prevalence of alcohol abuse among farmers was 32% (95% CI 27.8-36.4). Factors such as being male, having a diagnosis of mental disorder in the family, being a smoker, and using drugs were associated with the higher prevalence of the outcome. Being 60 years old or older was associated with a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse. These results indicate the need for social support to this group of workers in the context of occupational health.

Factors Associated With Mental Suffering in the Brazilian Population: A Multilevel Analysis.

Purpose: To analyze how individual characteristics and the social context are associated with mental distress symptoms in the Brazilian population. Method: A multilevel cross-sectional study with data from the 2013 National Health Survey. There were two dependent variables: (a) decreased vital energy and somatic symptoms, (b) the presence of depressive thoughts. The independent variables were biological characteristics, education and income, habits and lifestyle, and context variables. Bivariate analysis was performed, and Prevalence Ratios calculated in a Poisson Regression (95% CI). A multilevel Poisson Regression was performed to verify the effect of individual and contextual variables. Results: Regarding depressive thoughts, young and middle-aged individuals, low education, women, absence of partner, smokers or former smokers, and absence of health insurance were the categories at highest risk; belonging to classes D-E and living in states with lower expected years of schooling proved to be protective factors. Similar results were found for the second outcome. Conclusions: Symptoms of mental distress were associated with the individual characteristics and contextual aspects of the federation unit. These findings indicate the importance of strengthening psychosocial care aimed at vulnerable groups.

Transtorno mental comum e uso abusivo do álcool entre agricultores de Caicó-RN / Common mental disorder and alcohol abuse among farmers in Caicó-RN

A respeito dos agricultores e das populações rurais, a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde e o maior custo dos tratamentos psiquiátricos contribuem para que sejam negligenciados alguns cuidados relacionados à saúde mental. Além disso, características estressoras do ambiente laboral, como as longas distâncias, o isolamento, a dificuldade em desenvolver outra atividade laboral, o declínio da economia, a renda irregular e a exposição a pesticidas refletem no desenvolvimento de transtornos. Buscou-se identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao Transtorno Mental Comum e ao uso abusivo do álcool entre agricultores residentes em um município de médio porte no nordeste do Brasil, durante o ano de 2019 e 2020. Entrevistadoras treinadas aplicaram o questionário padronizado em 450 participantes. Investigaram-se características sociodemográficas, de saúde, renda e trabalho. O rastreamento do Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) foi realizado mediante a utilização do questionário SRQ-20 (SelfReporting Questionaire, sendo o ponto de corte ≥7 para mulheres e ≥5 para homens. O rastreamento do uso abusivo do álcool foi realizado mediante a utilização do questionário CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty e Eye-opener), sendo o ponto de corte ≥ 2. Foi aplicada a Regressão de Poisson com estimação robusta para verificar as razões de prevalências (RP) na análise bivariada e multivariada. A prevalência do TMC entre agricultores foi de 55,1% (IC95% 50,4-59,6). As variáveis que permaneceram significativas e associadas aos TMC foram: ser do sexo masculino (RP= 1,7), ter mais de 60 anos (RP=0,5), ter autoavaliação de saúde ruim ou muito ruim (RP=1,4), ter realizado tratamento anterior para saúde mental (RP=1,2), fazer uso abusivo do álcool (RP=1,2) e ter tido perda de produção (RP=1,3). A prevalência do uso abusivo do álcool entre agricultores foi de 32% (IC95% 27,8-36,4). Fatores como ser do sexo masculino, ter diagnóstico de transtorno mental na família, ser tabagista e usar drogas estiveram associados à maior prevalência do desfecho. Ter 60 anos ou mais esteve associado à menor prevalência do uso abusivo do álcool. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de suporte social a este grupo de trabalhadores no contexto da saúde ocupacional e apontam que tanto o TMC quanto o uso abusivo de álcool estão associados à fatores individuais e do contexto de vida e trabalho dos agricultores, o que demonstra a importância do suporte social, econômico e dos serviços de saúde a este grupo de trabalhadores (AU).

With regard to farmers and rural populations, the difficulty in accessing health services and the higher cost of psychiatric treatments contribute to the neglect of some care related to mental health. In addition, stressful characteristics of the work environment, such as long distances, isolation, difficulty in developing other work activities, economic decline, irregular income and exposure to pesticides reflect on the development of disorders. We sought to identify the prevalence and factors associated with Common Mental Disorder and alcohol abuse among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in northeastern Brazil, during 2019 and 2020. Trained interviewers applied the standardized questionnaire to 450 participants. Sociodemographic, health, income and work characteristics were investigated. Screening for Common Mental Disorder (CMD) was carried out using the SRQ-20 questionnaire (SelfReporting Questionaire, with a cutoff point ≥7 for women and ≥5 for men. the use of the CAGE questionnaire (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty and Eye-opener), with the cutoff point ≥ 2. Poisson Regression with robust estimation was applied to verify the prevalence ratios (PR) in the bivariate and multivariate analysis. The prevalence of CMD among farmers was 55.1% (95%CI 50.4-59.6.) The variables that remained significant and associated with CMD were: being male (PR=1.7), having over 60 years old (PR=0.5), having poor or very poor self-rated health (PR=1.4), having undergone previous treatment for mental health (PR=1.2), having abused alcohol (PR =1.2) and having had loss of production (PR=1.3). The prevalence of alcohol abuse among farmers was 32% (95%CI 27.8- 36.4). Factors such as being male, having a diagnosis of mental disorder in the family, being a smoker and using drugs were associated with a higher prevalence of the outcome. Being 60 years old or more was associated with a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse. These results indicate the need for social support to this group of workers in the context of occupational health and point out that both CMD and alcohol abuse are associated with individual factors and the context of life and work of farmers, which demonstrates the importance social, economic and health services support to this group of workers (AU).