Attitude towards Vaccination among Health Science Students before the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Health science students are tomorrow's health professionals, the duties of whom could include vaccination. This work examines the general attitude towards vaccination in students attending the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Chiropody at a university in Madrid, Spain, using the 'Attitudes and Behaviour With Regard To Vaccination Among Health Science Students Questionnaire'. The results were subjected to multivariate analysis to identify the influence of sex, the degree being pursued, and 'course year'. The number of students vaccinated against influenza in the campaign preceding the present study was also recorded, as were the factors that influenced decision-making in this regard. A total of 934 students completed the questionnaire. Their beliefs regarding vaccination were positive (mean score 3.23 points out of 4), as was their behaviour (3.35/4). Their general attitude (all variables taken together) was therefore also good (3.27/4). Only 26.8% of the students had been vaccinated against influenza. Beliefs scores among the students of nursing in their more senior course years were significantly better than those recorded for all other groups. These students also showed the best general attitude towards vaccination and formed the largest group vaccinated against influenza. The results obtained are encouraging since nursing students are the most likely of future healthcare professionals to be involved in vaccination programmes.

Validación del Índice de Bien-estar Personal en personas con enfermedad renal crónica / Validation of the Personal Wellbeing Index in people with chronic kidney disease

Objetivo: verificar las propiedades psicométricas del Índice de bien-estar personal (IBP) en personas con enfermedad renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis. Método: Se trata de un estudio metodológico. La muestra aleatoria es constituida por 171 personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) sometida a hemodiálisis en dos clínicas en la región de Lisboa, Portugal. La recogida de datos fue realizada entre mayo y junio de 2015. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas: validad (constructo, predictiva convergente, y discriminativa), confiabilidad por medio de la consistencia interna (α de Cronbach) y estabilidad (Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman-Brown y Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclasse (CCI)). Resultados: El IBP presenta una dimensión ajustada a los datos. La satisfacción con la salud es lo que más contribuye para el IBP. Tiene validad convergente con Felicidad Subjetiva y Afecto Positivo y Afecto Negativo. Tiene poder discriminativo en la nacionalidad. El α Cronbach fue de 0,82. Teste Re-teste para cuestionario 0, 92 e CCI= 0,95, para entrevista 0,85 y CCI= 0,89. Conclusiones: La versión portuguesa del IBP es válida y reproducible en personas con ERC, tanto por cuestionario como por entrevista (AU)

Objective: to verify the psychometric properties of the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) in people with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Method: This is a methodological study. A random sample consisted of 171 people with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who underwent hemodialysis in two clinics in the region of Lisbon, Portugal. Data collection was conducted from May to June 2015. The psychometric properties were evaluated: Validity (construct, convergent predictive and discriminative), reliability through internal consistency (Cronbach α) and stability (Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)). Results: PWI has a dimension adjusted to the data set. Satisfaction with health is the largest contributor to the PWI. It shows convergent validity with Subjective Happiness and Positive Affect and Negative Affect. It has discriminative power of nationality. The Cronbach α was 0,82. Retest test for the questionnaire 0, 92 and ICC = 0,95, for the interview 0,85 and ICC = 0,89. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of PWI is valid and reproducible in people with CKD, both by questionnaire and by interview (AU)

Instrumentos para evaluación del riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad / Instrumentos de avaliação do risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade / Assessment tools of risk for falls in elderly dwelling in the community

Las caídas y el riesgo de caer aumentan con la edad y con el grado de fragilidad asociado al envejecimiento, siendo este el motivo por el cual el riesgo de caídas es un fenómeno de interés para los enfermeros. En Portugal, la Dirección General de Salud recomienda la realización de pruebas de evaluación de la movilidad, la capacidad física y funcional. Objetivo: Identificar los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el riesgo de caída en el anciano residente en la comunidad. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, cumpliendo las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute a través de la utilización del método PICo y de las recomendaciones PRISMA. El método PICo ayudó a definir los criterios de inclusión: Muestra (P) - los ancianos; Área de Interés (I) - instrumentos y pruebas que permiten evaluar el riesgo de caídas, y Contexto (Co) - vivir en la comunidad. La consulta bibliográfica fue realizada a través de las bases de datos: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL Complete y MEDLINE Complete, y utilizando los términos; fall, community dwelling, fall risk factors y tools escale. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 24 estudios, en los que se identificaron seis escalas que evaluaban el riesgo de caídas, tres el miedo de caer y siete que evaluaban factores de riesgo predictivos del riesgo de caída, en ancianos que residen en la comunidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan el número de instrumentos disponibles y la importancia de la utilización práctica por parte de los enfermeros de instrumentos válidos, fidedignos y sensibles, de modo de obtener diagnósticos precisos (AU)

As quedas e o risco de quedas aumentam com a idade e com o nível de fragilidade associada ao envelhecimento, daí o risco de quedas ser um fenómeno de interesse para os enfermeiros. Em Portugal, a Direção Geral de Saúde recomenda testes de avaliação da mobilidade, aptidão física e funcional. Objetivo: Identificar os testes e instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o risco de queda no idoso que resida na comunidade. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura, que utiliza as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute na estratégia PICo e nas recomendações PRISMA.A estratégia PICo definiu os critérios de inclusão: População (P) - os idosos; Área de Interesse (I) - instrumentos e testes que permitem avaliar o risco de quedas, e Contexto (Co) - viver na comunidade. A pesquisa eletrónica foi feita nas bases de dados EBSCOHost® CINAHL Complete e MEDLINE Complete, utilizando os termos fall*, community dwelling, fall risk factors, tools e scale. Resultados: Foram selecionados 24 estudos, nos quais se identificou seis escalas que avaliam o risco de queda, três relativas ao medo de cair e sete testes que avaliam um fator de risco que pode ser preditivo do risco de queda em idosos que residem em comunidade. Conclusões: Os resultados enfatizam o número de instrumentos disponíveis e a importância dos enfermeiros utilizarem na sua prática clínica instrumentos válidos, fiáveis e sensíveis de modo a obterem diagnósticos acurados (AU)

Falls and risk of falls increase with age and with the level of frailty associated with aging, hence the risk of falls is a phenomenon of interest to nurses. In Portugal, the Directorate-General of Health recommends evaluation tests for mobility, physical and functional fitness. Objective: Identify the tests and the assessment tools used to assess the fall risk in the elderly who dwell in the community. Method: Systematic Literature Review that was based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute on PICo strategy and based on PRISMA. The PICo strategy defined the inclusion criteria: Population (P) - the elderly; Interest Area / Intervention (I) - instruments and tests for assessing the risk of falls and; and Context (Co) -live in the community. The electronic search was conducted in EBSCOHost® CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE Complete, using the search terms fall*, community dwelling, fall risk factors, tools and scale. Results: A sample of 24 studies was selected. Six scales for the assessment of the risk of fall were identified, three scales for the assessment fear of fall and seven tests for the assessment of risk factors that may be predictive of the risk of falls in the elderly living in the community. Conclusions: The results highlight that there are several tools and tests and the importance of using valid, reliable and sensitive instruments by nurses in their clinical practice in order to obtain accurate diagnoses (AU)