Efecto de dos antioxidantes (tempo y tempol) en la criopreservación de semen ovino empleando un dilutor en base a tris / Effect of two antioxidants (tempo and tempol) on ram semen cryopreservation using the tris extender

Se emplearon 32 muestras de semen procedentes de cuatro ovinos a fin de ser criopreservadas con la adición dos antioxidantes: Tempo (2,2,6,6 tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxil) y Tempol (4-hidroxi 2,2,6,6 tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxil), en concentraciones de 0.5, 1.0 y 2.5 mM, para evaluar el efecto postdescongelamiento que pudieran tener sobre la motilidad progresiva, la viabilidad e integridad acrosomal y la capacitación espermática prematura. En cada concentración de los dos antioxidantes y del grupo control se utilizó un dilutor en base a Tris, realizándose ocho repeticiones, cada una con cuatro muestras de semen. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la adición de Tempo a una concentración de 0.5 mM mejora significativamente la calidad del semen criopreservado en comparación con el grupo control (p<0.05), incrementado los porcentajes de motilidad progresiva (79 vs. 67 por ciento), viabilidad e integridad acrosomal (70 vs. 58 por ciento) y reduciendo la capacitación espermática prematura (9 vs.15 por ciento). Por otro lado, la adición de Tempol disminuyó la calidad seminal postdescongelamiento en comparación con el control. En conclusión, la adición de Tempo 0.5 mM en un dilutor en base a Tris, al finalizar la fase de enfriamiento, podría constituir una estrategia para mejorar la calidad de semen ovino criopreservado.

Thirty-two semen samples from four rams were frozed using two antioxidants, Tempo (2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl) and Tempol (4-hidroxi 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl), each one in concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mM, to evaluate the effects on post-thawing motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, and earlier sperm capacitation. Eight replications for each antioxidant concentration and control group, were done using four semen samples per replication. Semen samples were diluted on a Tris extender. Results showed that Tempo 0.5 mM improved frozen semen quality in comparison with control group (p<0.05), by increasing progresive motility (79 vs. 67 por ciento), viability and acrosomal integrity (70 vs. 58 por ciento), and decreasing earlier sperm capacitation (9 vs. 15 por ciento). On the other hand, Tempol decreased frozen semen quality. In conclusion, the use of Tempo 0.5 mM on a Tris extender, at the end of the cooling process, could be an alternative for improving the quality of frozed ram semen.

Prevalencia de tuberculosis bovina en el distrito de Végueta, Huaura / Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the district of Végueta, Huaura

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de tuberculosis bovina en el distrito de Végueta, provincia de Huaura, para los años 2001 y 2002, mediante la evaluación de 3,240 y 3,230 bovinos mayores de cuatro semanas de edad, respectivamente. Se utilizó la prueba de intradermoreacción simple a la tuberculina (PPD) y la doble comparativa en la tabla del cuello para la confirmación. En el 2001 se obtuvo 0.12 por ciento (4/3,240) de casos positivos, de los cuales uno resultó positivo a la prueba doble comparativa. En el 2002 se obtuvo 0.06 por ciento (2/3,230) de casos positivos a la prueba caudal, y ambos resultaron positivos a la prueba doble comparativa.

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis at the Végueta district, province of Huaura during year 2001 (n=3,240) and 2002 (n=3,230). Animals were older than 4 months of age. The tuberculosis caudal intradermal test (PPD) in all animals and the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test in positive animals for confirmation were used. In year 2001, 0.12 percent (4/3,240) positive animals was obtained, and among them, only one resulted positive to the dual comparative test. In year 2002, 0.06 percent (2/3,230) positive animals were identified and both animals resulted positive to the dual comparative test.

[The threat syndrome of the anterior descending coronary artery]. / Síndrome de amenaza de la arteria coronaria descendente anterior.

Some patients with unstable angina develop a deep T-wave inversion in ECG leads V1 to V4. It has been suggested that this special ECG pattern is associated with a severe stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. We have studied 73 of this patients. All of them had an LAD involvement, nearly always as severe atherosclerotic plaque and in 5% of the cases due to non-atherosclerotic alterations (milking or spasm). Angioplasty was performed in 33% and bypass surgery in 61%. In both cases the immediate results were good (0% and 4% respectively in-hospital mortality) as well as the outcome (12% restenosis and 0% late mortality respectively). The ECG signs disappeared in the year after.

[Ambulatory heart catheterization. Initial experience]. / Cateterismo cardiaco ambulatorio. Experiencia inicial.

Development of cardiovascular surgical techniques and more recently, balloon angioplasty, has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of cardiac catheterizations performed. Previously, the usual policy was to admit the patient to the hospital for several days. Various series of patients submitted to ambulatory cardiac catheterizations have revealed that this procedure con be performed safely, with a potential reduction in hospital and patients costs, better utilization of medical beds and good image quality. In this study we present our initial experience in this kind of outpatient procedure.

[Ischemic cardiopathy in women]. / Cardiopatía isquémica en la mujer.

Life expectancy in western women is 8 years larger compared to men. This is due to the higher incidence of ischemic heart disease in men at least before reaching 45 years of age. This may also be due to differences in blood lipoprotein levels, differences in smoking habits, use of hormonal contraceptives, plasma iron levels, parity and other risk factors also found in men. After menopause the difference in the incidence of ischemic heart disease progressively decreases, basically because of a decrease in estrogen secretion. However, the role of estrogen supplement treatment in this group of women in the prevention of ischemic heart disease has not yet been clearly defined. The objectives of this study are to review the risk factors involved in the development of ischemic heart disease in women, the changes brought about by menopause and the possible beneficial effects of supplemental estrogens in the postmenopausal period.

[Clinical and angiographic study of intra-myocardial coronary bridges]. / Estudo clinico e angiografico de trajetos coronarios intra-miocardicos.

AIMS: Approach to the clinical profile of patients with intramyocardial coronary bridges. CONCEPT OF STUDY: Two years retrospective study on coronariangiography with a selection of patients, of our department, with myocardial bridges and no atherosclerotic lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of 1620 patients, 26 cases had a suspected ischemic cardiopathy defined on the grounds of clinical, electrocardiographic, ergometric and coronariangiographic criteria. RESULTS: From the 1620 cases, 26 (1.6%) presented intramyocardial coronary pathes. All situated on the left anterior descendant artery. 10 of these cases showed left ventricular hypertrophy, a change which is frequently associated with myocardial bridges. There was no correlation between the severity of systolic coronary constriction and clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of myocardial bridges in our group is different from other studies. The localization at the level of the left anterior descendant artery was the most frequent one. The findings in this study demonstrate a possible association between the intramyocardial coronary pathes and the left ventricular hypertrophy.

[Update on coronary syndrome X]. / Actualización sobre el síndrome X coronario.

Syndrome X is not a well-defined clinical entity. Patients included are those with typical effort angina with angiographically normal coronary arteries and with no evidence of other causes of chest pain. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in this syndrome could be a reduced vasodilatory capacity. The prognosis is usually good, but a subgroup of patients with left bundle brunch block in the ECG may develop a dilated cardiomyopathy. To present it lacks a full effective treatment.

[Functional capacity and rhythm changes after atrial correction of transposition of great arteries]. / Capacidad funcional y alteraciones del ritmo después de corrección auricular de la transposición de las grandes arterias.

A group of 12 patients, previously submitted to atrial correction of the transposition of the great vessels, were studied through stress test with direct metabolimetry and Holter to assess aerobic functional capacity and its relationship with conduction disturbances. The results were compared with those obtained with a control group of 23 non athletic healthy children. All the patients showed amputation of their heart rates on effort, though this parameter and the oxygen consumption were normal at low work load levels. The VO2 at anaerobic threshold, the maximum VO2, and the maximum work load were also decreased in most of the patients. Holter studies demonstrated sick sinus syndrome in nine of them. Aerobic functional capacity was reduced in most of the patients with atrial correction of the transposition of the great vessels. The amputation of the heart rate on effort is a common finding though its relationship with the decrease of the aerobic functional capacity in these patients is limited. Finally, the stress test is probably more sensible than Holter for the detection of slight degrees of sinus disfunction.

[Contraceptives and ischemic cardiopathy]. / Contraceptivos y cardiopatía isquémica.

The incidence of myocardial infarction is higher in women that use oral contraceptives. The most important pathophysiologic mechanisms are: a) modification of coronary risk factors: the pill produces an elevation of both serum cholesterol and trygliceride levels, increase of blood pressure and decompensation of diabetes mellitus; b) blood coagulation disorders: oral contraceptives increase platelet aggregation and fibrinogen blood levels, therefore they have a considerable thrombogenic capacity. At this moment there are several update publications concerning this matter; however most of the mechanisms involved in the increase of coronary heart disease in this specific group still remain unclear.

[Oxygen-derived free radicals. Their role in cardiology]. / Radicales libres derivados de oxígeno. Su papel en Cardiología.

Oxygen-derived free radicals are highly reactive molecules characterized by the presence of an unpaired electron in one of its outer orbitals. They have been found responsible for some pathologic phenomenons which in the field of cardiology, occurs during tissue reperfusion of a previously ischemic area. Ischemia predisposes an outburst in the production of these molecules upon the reintroduction of oxygen during reperfusion. Animal experimental models have been designed to reduce the damages induced by free radicals using various pharmacologic agents. It is probable that these agents may form a part of the conventional treatment of certain cardiac pathologies in the future.

[The risk and treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias]. / Riesgo y tratamiento de las hiperlipoproteinemias.

The role of lipid disorders in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease is reviewed. It is also presented the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemias and its current therapeutic policies.

[Left ventricular diverticulum at the subaortic level]. / Divertículo ventricular esquerdo a nível subaórtico.

We report a case of a left ventricular diverticulum located immediately under the aortic valve ring. The patient presented both aortic insufficiency and stenosis, and was submitted to valve replacement surgery and closure of the diverticulum. The peculiarity of this case relies on its non atherosclerotic etiology, its unusual location and also because of the calcification of the diverticulum's wall.

[Echocardiographic diagnosis of a hydatid cyst localized at the intraventricular septum]. / Diagnóstico ecocardiográfico de um quisto hidático localizado no septo interventricular.

A patient with case of an hydatid cyst located in the interventricular septum is presented. The two-dimensional echocardiography clearly visualized the cystic configuration of the disease, demonstrating its great usefulness for detecting this type of cardiac pathology. The patient underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. In this article we also discuss the surgical indications of this pathology.

[Coronary ectasis: another form of atherosclerosis]. / La ectasia coronaria: otra forma de aterosclerosis.

In a review of 3,693 coronary angiographies carried out in our department for suspected coronary artery disease we evaluated the 69 patients (1.86%) in whom lesions of coronary ectasia were found. Most of them (n = 51) had associated stenotic lesions and only 18 patients had isolated ectasia. The most common localization of the 96 ectasia lesions found in these patients was the right coronary artery, followed by the left anterior descending and, finally, the circumflex coronary artery. The ectasia lesions were classified according to the morphological classification proposed by Ducceschi in the following types: I) fusiform; II) saccular; III) spherical; IV) linear or diffuse, and V) mixed. Most lesions in our series were diffuse. Regarding clinical features, significant differences were found in the higher incidence of atypical angina presentation in those patients with isolated ectasia lesions.