Exploring the Relationship between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Implicit Attitudes toward Violence.

Past research has associated callous-unemotional traits (CU) in young people with serious conduct problems and antisocial behavior. However, whether CU traits influence implicit attitudes toward violence remains largely unexplored. We assess this hypothesis in two independent samples: a sample of youth with no criminal records (Study 1, N = 86), and in a sample of young offenders (Study 2, N = 61). Both groups were not compared due to theoretical (very different demographics) and statistical reasons (the total sample was insufficient to be able to reach the statistical power required in the comparison of both groups). Further, we use an implicit procedure to examine whether CU traits modulate wanting for violent stimuli. Across two samples of youth, we found little evidence of an association between CU traits and implicit violent cognition. In youth with no criminal records, implicit attitudes toward violence were related to the unemotional factor of CU traits, but unrelated to other factors and to a global CU traits score. CU traits were not associated with implicit attitudes toward violence in young offenders. The latter finding was mirrored in the implicit wanting task. Overall, our findings cast some doubts on the adequacy of implicit measures to assess implicit violent cognition in youth with CU traits. We discuss potential methodological limitations of this research (e.g., characteristics of the sample and performance in the implicit procedures) that may impact our results.

Implicit Attitudes Toward Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Offenders With Conduct Disorder.

Few studies have addressed attitudes toward violence in offender populations using implicit measures. The aim of this study is to test whether implicit attitudes toward two types of violence (physical and relational) differ between two groups of adolescent offenders: one group with conduct disorder (CD; n = 36) and the other group without this condition (No-CD; n = 26). We found that adolescent offenders with CD evidenced less negative implicit attitudes toward physical violence than the No-CD group. No differences between groups were observed in the case of relational violence. Our results suggest that CD modulates implicit attitudes toward violence in adolescent offenders and that the influence of CD is stronger in the case of physical rather than relational acts of violence.

Influence of Commercial Saturated Monoglyceride, Mono-/Diglycerides Mixtures, Vegetable Oil, Stirring Speed, and Temperature on the Physical Properties of Organogels.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of gelator, vegetable oil, stirring speed, and temperature on the physical properties of obtained organogels. They were prepared under varying independent conditions and applying a fractional experimental design. From there a rheological characterization was developed. The physical characterization also included polarized light microscopy and calorimetric analysis. Once these data were obtained, X-Ray diffraction was applied to selected samples and a microstructure lattice was confirmed. Commonly, the only conditions that affect crystallization have been analyzed (temperature, solvent, gelator, and cooling rate). We found that stirring speed is the most important parameter in the organogel preparation.

Calidad de vida, ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de colon irritable / Quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de vida, ansiedad y depresión en 73 personas diagnosticadas con Síndrome de Colon Irritable (SCI) y observar si existe relación entre estas variables. Para ello se utilizó el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF36 y la escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria HAD. No se observó un detrimento severo en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes probablemente debido a que algunas dimensiones que han demostrado tener un impacto importante sobre ella, se encontraban altamente preservadas. Por otro lado la ansiedad y depresión se relacionaron significativamente con algunas dimensiones de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Los resultados encontrados confirman la importancia de considerar los factores psicológicos sobre la percepción de calidad de vida de los pacientes con SCI, no solo por las puntuaciones obtenidas en estas escalas sino por la correlación entre ellas, que consolidan un patrón de calidad de vida particularmente asociado a factores cognitivos, emocionales y sociales.