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1.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 16(5): e0010365, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35507552

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Characterising dengue virus (DENV) infection history at the point of care is challenging as it relies on intensive laboratory techniques. We investigated how combining different rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can be used to accurately determine the primary and post-primary DENV immune status of reporting patients during diagnosis. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Serum from cross-sectional surveys of acute suspected dengue patients in Indonesia (N:200) and Vietnam (N: 1,217) were assayed using dengue laboratory assays and RDTs. Using logistic regression modelling, we determined the probability of being DENV NS1, IgM and IgG RDT positive according to corresponding laboratory viremia, IgM and IgG ELISA metrics. Laboratory test thresholds for RDT positivity/negativity were calculated using Youden's J index and were utilized to estimate the RDT outcomes in patients from the Philippines, where only data for viremia, IgM and IgG were available (N:28,326). Lastly, the probabilities of being primary or post-primary according to every outcome using all RDTs, by day of fever, were calculated. Combining NS1, IgM and IgG RDTs captured 94.6% (52/55) and 95.4% (104/109) of laboratory-confirmed primary and post-primary DENV cases, respectively, during the first 5 days of fever. Laboratory test predicted, and actual, RDT outcomes had high agreement (79.5% (159/200)). Among patients from the Philippines, different combinations of estimated RDT outcomes were indicative of post-primary and primary immune status. Overall, IgG RDT positive results were confirmatory of post-primary infections. In contrast, IgG RDT negative results were suggestive of both primary and post-primary infections on days 1-2 of fever, yet were confirmatory of primary infections on days 3-5 of fever. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate how the primary and post-primary DENV immune status of reporting patients can be estimated at the point of care by combining NS1, IgM and IgG RDTs and considering the days since symptoms onset. This framework has the potential to strengthen surveillance operations and dengue prognosis, particularly in low resource settings.


Subject(s)
Dengue Virus , Dengue , Antibodies, Viral , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dengue/epidemiology , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Fever , Humans , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Point-of-Care Systems , Sensitivity and Specificity , Viral Nonstructural Proteins , Viremia
2.
Annales des sciences de la santé ; 1(2): 114-120, 2018. tab
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1259350

ABSTRACT

Introduction : La pancytopénie est définie comme étant une baisse associée des lignées érythrocytaire, granulocytaire et plaquettaire. L'origine est centrale ou périphérique. Cliniquement elle est caractérisée par une pâleur, de la fièvre et un syndrome hémorragique. C'est la première étude spécifique consacrée à ce sujet. Matériels et Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude portant sur 285 dossiers de patients sur 14 années. La pancytopénie était définie en présence des critères suivants : un taux d'Hb < 11 g/dl ; un taux de globules blancs (GB) < 4000/mmᶾ avec un taux de PNN < 1500 /mmᶾ ; un taux de plaquettes < 150 000/mmᶾ.Les paramètres étudiés avaient porté sur l'âge, le sexe, les signes cliniques (Pâleur, asthénie, fièvre, syndrome hémorragique), les résultats des examens paracliniques : hémogramme, myélogramme, biopsie ostéo-médullaire, goutte épaisse, sérologie VIH, hémocultures et échographie. Les critères de non inclusion étaient les cas de bicytopénie et les pancytopénie chimio-induite. Résultats : La fréquence des pancytopénies était de 20,5 cas/an; le sex-ratio: 0,8. La population était très jeune avec 70% de moins de 45 ans. Les principales manifestations cliniques étaient: la pâleur (271 cas : 95,1%), asthénie (253 cas: 88,8%), le syndrome tumoral (143 cas: 50,1%), la fièvre (133 cas: 46,7%), le syndrome hémorragique (48 cas: 17%). Les étiologies étaient dominées par les carences vitaminiques (87 cas : 30,5%), l'hypersplénisme (67 cas : 23,5%), les infections (45 cas : 15,8%), les hémopathies malignes (19 cas : 6,7%). Conclusion: Les étiologies des pancytopénies sont dominées par les carences vitaminiques et l'hypersplénisme. L'enquête étiologique doit être essentiellement axée sur ces 2 causes après avoir éliminé un syndrome infectieux et une leucémie aigüe qui sont souvent des urgences


Subject(s)
Hypersplenism , Niger , Pancytopenia/etiology , Patients
3.
Vaccine ; 26(50): 6295-8, 2008 Nov 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18617294

ABSTRACT

Rabies experts from 14 francophone African countries met in Grand Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire), 10-13 March 2008. They presented the situation in their respective countries, acknowledging the lack of rabies awareness among the population, health care workers and health authorities. They recognized that infrastructure for the management of rabies exposure is scarce, modern vaccines are in limited quantity and immunoglobulins are lacking in most of their countries. They defined as a priority the need to have reliable figures on the disease burden, which is necessary for informed decision making and priority setting, and for applying for aid in controlling the disease. This meeting sealed the establishment of the Africa Rabies Expert Bureau (AfroREB).


Subject(s)
Health Planning , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies/prevention & control , Africa , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Cooperative Behavior , Health Education , Humans
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