ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Device-associated infections (DAI) are recognized as a marker of patient safety. Data regarding DAI rates in Saudi Arabia are sparse. METHODS: This was a prospective surveillance study of DAI rates conducted in the adult intensive care units of the Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, carried out using the DAI definition provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. DAI prevention bundles were introduced in 2006 for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), in mid-2010 for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and in 2008 for central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI). RESULTS: DAI rates for VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI are reported for the study period from 2004 to 2011. CAUTI was the most common DAI (42.2%), followed by CLABSI (38.5%) and VAP (19.3%). The overall rate of each infection type per 1000 device-days was 8.18 for CAUTI, 10 for CLABSI, and 4.52 for VAP. Annual DAI rates showed a significant reduction over time from the beginning of the study to the end of the study for CLABSI (16.3 vs. 6.06), CAUTI (6.75 vs. 3.41), and VAP (9.8 vs. 1.3) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CAUTI was the most common infection, and the use of DAI prevention bundles was associated with a significant decrease in DAI rates over time.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/etiology , Intensive Care Units , Adult , Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/history , Cross Infection/prevention & control , History, 21st Century , Humans , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Public Health Surveillance , Saudi Arabia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiology and incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in children <15 years of age in a subpopulation in the eastern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: This is a subpopulation-based observational incidence study. Admission dates, diagnosis, age, and gender were collected for all Saudi children <15 years of age with new onset type 1 diabetes that received medical care at the Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Dhahran Health Center, Dhahran, KSA during the period 1990-2007. The case ascertainment rate was estimated to be 100%. RESULTS: There were 438 patients diagnosed during the study period. The average incidence rate was 27.52/100,000/year (95% CI: 26.72-28.32), increasing from 18.05/100,000/year in the first 9 years of the study period to 36.99/100,000/year in the last 9 years. Twenty-one percent of patients were <5 years of age, with no significant difference in the rate of increase in the incidence rate of this age group compared to the older age groups. Of the total patients, 55% were females, and 40% presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of childhood type 1 diabetes increased alarmingly over the past 18 years in our study population. A Kingdom-wide diabetes registry is essential to study the epidemiology of this disease in the whole country.
