ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Developing simple, cost-efficient sheep feed will improve farmers' incomes. Including coffee skin in feed offers the most technical method of increasing sheep weight gain. This study aimed to evaluate varying proportions of ensiled coffee skin replacing dried water spinach and determine the optimal combination for the growth performance, physiological and hematological profiles, and rumen fluid of sheep. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four animals were randomly allocated to the treatments, arranged in a randomized block design using the initial weight as a block. Seven treatment diets were adjusted and a 12-animal replication was used for each treatment. The treatments were as follows: T0: 30% maize stover, 30% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 20% coffee skin; T1: 30% maize stover, 25% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 5% ensiled coffee skin; T2: 30% maize stover, 20% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 10% ensiled coffee skin; T3: 30% maize stover, 15% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 15% ensiled coffee skin; T4: 30% maize stover, 10% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 20% ensiled coffee skin; T5: 30% maize stover, 5% dried water spinach, 5% pollard, 25% ensiled coffee skin; T6: 30% maize stover, 5% pollard, and 30% ensiled coffee skin. The sheep were reared for 70 days.The parameters observed during the early stage included growth performance (initial body weight, LW gain, final body weight, and feed intake). At the end of periods, a representative sample of ruminal fluid (approximately 150 mL) was collected from slaughtered sheep, duplicated, and then incubated for 18 h and blood samples were collected from the sheep (jugular vein) in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes. Then, used to analyze various blood biochemical parameters. Results: The final body weights showed a linear curve increasing as the treatment increased (p < 0.05). The ensiled coffee skin tended to increase at 6 h incubation time, producing reduced methane gas (p < 0.05). However, in general, the use of ensiled coffee skin did not significantly alter the blood biochemistry of crossbreed sheep (p > 0.05). There was no significant effect on the protozoal population (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the level of ensiled coffee skin up to 30% replacing dried water spinach increased the final body weight of crossbreed sheep with no adverse effect.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Maxillary sinus grafting is considered the most common surgical technique to secure a sufficient bone height for placing dental implants. It is carried out either by making a bony window in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus (the external procedure) or through the alveolar entrance technique by using alveolar osteotomes (the internal procedure), depending on the quality and quantity of the remaining bone. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare radiologically the amount of bone gain (an increase in bone dimensions) and bone reduction (the loss of the graft volume) obtained by using tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium sulfate (CS) grafts mixed with advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine patients (18 maxillary sinuses) participated in this study, all of whom had bilateral edentulism involving the premolar/molar areas and a bone height of 0.5-5 mm between the sinus floor and the alveolar ridge. Two biomaterials were used in the sinus augmentation procedures. Each patient underwent a bilateral maxillary sinus lift with the use of different bone graft materials - with CS mixed with A-PRF used on one side, and TCP mixed with A-PRF on the other side. The grafting site was selected randomly. Afterward, bone gain and bone reduction were evaluated at the grafting site by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). RESULTS: The mean bone gain on the side treated with TCP mixed with A-PRF was 7.532 ±1.150 mm, and on the side treated with CS mixed with A-PRF side it was 7.961 ±2.781 mm. The comparison of bone gain and bone reduction between the 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences at a 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Using CS or TCP mixed with A-PRF was beneficial and safe in the two-stage maxillary sinus lifting procedure. A sufficient amount of bone was obtained for dental implantation.
