Accuracy of a portable breath meter test for the detection of halitosis in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the Breath-Alert™ portable breath meter (BA) for the detection of halitosis in children and adolescents, considering the organoleptic test (OT) as the gold standard in this assessment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children (aged 6-12 years). OT was performed by three independent examiners on a single occasion, obtaining three scores of 0-5 points on the Rosenberg's organoleptic scale. The median of the three evaluations for each child was used for analysis. BA was used according to the manufacturer's instructions, with breath odor scored from 0-5 points. Scores ≥2 on both tests were considered indicative of halitosis. RESULTS: A total of 26 (17.3%) and 23 (15.3%) children were detected with halitosis on the OT and BA tests, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the BA scores for the detection of halitosis were 80.76% and 98.38%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for BA were 91.3% and 96.06%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the present study involving children, who require fast, practical examinations, BA proved to be an auxiliary tool to OT for the detection of halitosis in the practice of pediatric dentistry, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.

Accuracy of a portable breath meter test for the detection of halitosis in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the Breath-Alert™ portable breath meter (BA) for the detection of halitosis in children and adolescents, considering the organoleptic test (OT) as the gold standard in this assessment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children (aged 6-12 years). OT was performed by three independent examiners on a single occasion, obtaining three scores of 0-5 points on the Rosenberg's organoleptic scale. The median of the three evaluations for each child was used for analysis. BA was used according to the manufacturer's instructions, with breath odor scored from 0-5 points. Scores ≥2 on both tests were considered indicative of halitosis. RESULTS: A total of 26 (17.3%) and 23 (15.3%) children were detected with halitosis on the OT and BA tests, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the BA scores for the detection of halitosis were 80.76% and 98.38%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for BA were 91.3% and 96.06%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the present study involving children, who require fast, practical examinations, BA proved to be an auxiliary tool to OT for the detection of halitosis in the practice of pediatric dentistry, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.

Halitosis: prevalence and association with oral etiological factors in children and adolescents.

Halitosis is a condition that can have negative social impacts. Although common, its prevalence and associated etiological factors have been studied little in the child/adolescent population. The aim of the present study was to associate the occurrence of halitosis with oral etiological factors in children aged 6-12 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 150 male and female children and adolescents. The organoleptic test (OT) was used to determine halitosis. All patients and caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing personal data, general health and oral health, including hygiene habits, and received clarifications regarding the procedures to which the children/adolescents would be submitted in a second session. During the second session, the children were clinically evaluated for halitosis using the OT. The bacterial plaque index, coated tongue index, pH, salivary flow and the presence of dental caries were also determined. Differences in the proportions of the factors were compared between groups (with and without halitosis) using the chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Halitosis was diagnosed in 17.3% of the children and was associated with a fair score on the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OR: 3.5; p = 0.008), the non-daily use of tooth floss (OR: 8.7; p = 0.017), percentage of coated tongue (p = 0.005), abnormal salivary flow (OR: 4.2; p < 0.001) and dental caries (OR: 3.8; p = 0.002). No associations with brushing performed by a caregiver or salivary pH were found.

Effect of the Brazilian iron fortification of wheat and corn flour on the nutritional iron status in adolescents, 6 years after its implementation

BACKGROUND: As it is difficult to know the content of iron added in the Brazilian iron fortification of wheat and corn flour, and if the compound has good or poor bioavailability, the objective was to assess the effect of the Brazilian iron fortification program, as it was carried out, on iron nutritional status of adolescents, 6 years after its implementation. METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted with adolescents aged 10 to 17 years, both sexes, treated at a primary health care center. Data were collected from medical records of patients and compared with those of a previous survey conducted at the same center in 2004. Anthropometry, iron biochemical indicators, food intake, pubertal stage, and transferrin saturation were assessed, with pubertal stage and transferrin saturation being the last two variables compared between 2004 and 2010. Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests were also used. RESULTS: In 2010, mean hemoglobin values and serum ferritin levels were within normal ranges for both sexes, and adolescents who consumed diets with low iron bioavailability constituted more than half of the sample (52.7%). In2004, a 10.3 and 18.6% prevalence of iron deficiency was observed, based on low transferrin saturation, in females and males, respectively. It was noted that during the 6-year period, this prevalence decreased significantly, 4 and10.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia and iron deficiency are not prevalent in this population, probably due to the implementation of flour fortification with iron; it is not possible, however, to attribute such a result only to the implementation of this strategy.

Intestinal absorption of iron and calcium from soy and cow's milk-based infant formulas in weanling rats pups / Absorção intestinal de ferro e cálcio de fórmulas infantis à base de leite de vaca e de soja em filhotes de ratos recém-desmamados

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the intestinal absorption of iron and calcium between soy-based and cow's milk-based infant formulas in weanling rats. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats, twenty-one days old on the first day of weaning, were used in this experiment, divided in two Groups, one Group was fed soy protein-based infant formula the other, cow's milk protein-based infant formula. During the study period (ten consecutive days) the animals received food and water ad libitum. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were evaluated on the first, fifth, and tenth days by the Wintrobe and cyanomethemoglobin methods. Feces and urine were collected, beginning on the fifth day, for three consecutive days. On the tenth day, hepatic iron content was also analyzed. Hepatic iron as well as fecal and urinary iron and calcium analyses were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. At thirty-one days of age, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and sacrificed by exsanguination via the vena cava. Results: The final concentration of hemoglobin in the group soy-based infant formula and milk-based infant formula were: 10.3±1.3g/dL and 10.9±1.0g/dL (p=0.310). The apparent absorption of iron and calcium, in that order, were: 73.4±10.2% and 70.2±9.5%; 97.2±0.7% and 97.6±1.0% (p=0.501; p=0.290). The apparent calcium retention was: 88.4% ±2.2 and 88.6±2.6% (p=0.848). Hepatic iron content was: 522.0±121.1mg/g and 527.8±80.5mg/g (p=0.907) . Conclusion: Intestinal iron and calcium absorption from soy-based infant formula is similar to that from milk-based infant formula in weanling rats.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou comparar a absorção intestinal de ferro e cálcio entre fórmulas infantis à base de leite de vaca e de soja em ratos recém-desmamados. Métodos: Vinte ratos machos Wistar, com 21 dias de vida e no primeiro dia do desmame foram utilizados neste experimento, divididos em dois grupos: um alimentado com fórmula infantil à base de proteína de soja e o outro com fórmula infantil à base de proteína do leite de vaca. Durante o período de estudo (10 dias consecutivos), os ratos receberam dieta e água ad libitum. Hematócrito e hemoglobina foram mensurados no primeiro, quinto e décimo dia pelo método de Wintrobe e da cianometaemoglobina. As fezes e a urina foram recolhidas a partir do quinto dia durante durante três dias consecutivos. No décimo dia, o conteúdo de ferro hepático também foi analisado. O conteúdo de ferro hepático e a análise de ferro e cálcio nas fezes e na urina foram realizados utilizando espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. Aos 31 dias de vida, os animais foram anestesiados com ketamina e xilasina e sacrificados por exsanguinação da veia vaca. Resultados: A concentração final de hemoglobina no grupo fórmula infantil à base de soja e fórmula infantil à base de leite de vaca foram 10,3±1,3g/dL e 10,9± 1,0g/dL (p=0,310), respectivamente. A absorção aparente de ferro e cálcio foi de: 73,4±10,2% e 70,2±9,5%, para o primeiro grupo; e 97,2±0,7% e 97,6±1,0%, para o segundo (p=0,501; p=0,290). A retenção aparente de cálcio foi: 88,4±2,2% e 88,6±2,6% (p=0,848). O teor de ferro hepático foi: 522,0±121,1µg/g e 527,8±80,5µg/g (p=0,907), respectivamente. Conclusão: A absorção intestinal de ferro e cálcio da fórmula infantil à base de soja é similar à da fórmula infantil à base de leite em ratos recém-desmamados.

Erythrocyte zinc and serum copper in male and female adolescents according to puberty stage at different growth phases

BACKGROUND: Considering that modification in body composition and growth velocity leads to alterations in zinc and copper nutritional status, the purpose of the study was to assess erythrocyte zinc and serum copper in adolescents of both genders, according to the stage of sexual maturity at different growth phases. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-six adolescents were assessed, 157 were female, with body mass index Z-scorebetween−2 and +2. Clinical biochemical measurements were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Student's t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni tests were used. RESULTS Median serum copper was superior, and zinc was inferior to respective reference values in all groups. Serum copper presented significant reduction in the final stages of pubertal development in males; in turn, erythrocyte zinc values increased linearly with the evolution of puberty stages in both genders. Comparison between genders in each stage of growth showed significant difference in peak acceleration and in deceleration for erythrocyte zinc and serum copper, with both being higher in females. CONCLUSIONS: Serum copper is inversely influenced by modifications that occur with the evolution of puberty in males, whereas erythrocyte zinc is directly influenced in both genders, although always with deficient deposition. At peak acceleration and deceleration of growth, there is greater mobilization of erythrocyte zinc and serum copper in males, when compared with females, which does not occur at the onset of the acceleration of growth.

Brazilian Society for Food and Nutrition position statement: gluten-free diet

Position statement: The Brazilian Society for Food and Nutrition (SBAN) bases the following position statement on a critical analysis of the literature on the indications of a gluten-free (GF) diet. (1) There is insufficient evidence to assume that healthy individuals would experience any benefits from the consumption of a GF diet. (2) Recent studies suggest that gluten sensitivity may be confounded by sensitivity to low-fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates known as fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). (3) Epidemiological data supports that evenover weight celiac disease (CD) individuals fail to achieve weight loss under a GF diet. (4) Recent experimental data showed possible deleterious effects of GF feeding on the intestinal microbiota of healthy individuals. (5) GF diets can be healthy for the general population, as long as GF-processed foods are avoided, and the ingestion of other whole grains, and low-energy-density vegetables is assured. This position statement has been externally reviewed and approved by the board of the Brazilian Society for Food and Nutrition, and has not gone through the journal' s standard peer review process.

The effect of music on weight gain of preterm infants older than 32 weeks: a randomized clinical trial / Efecto de la música sobre la ganancia de peso en prematuros mayores que 32 semanas hospitalizados en el Programa Madre-Canguro: ensayo clínico randomizado / Efeito da música sobre o ganho de peso de prematuros maiores de 32 semanas: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: To evaluate the effect of recorded music with multimodal stimulation on the weight gain of preterm infants included in the Kangaroo-Mother Program. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 61 premature infants, of both sexes, with postconceptional age greater or equal to 32 weeks and at least ten days of life, without detected abnormalities in the visual and hearing systems, and hospitalized in the Kangaroo-Mother Unit. Patients were randomized in two groups: of 31 preterm infants received multimodal stimulation with music daily, for seven days; 30 preterm infants received only multimodal stimulation. The following characteristics were evaluated: weight gain, energy consumption, heart rate and respiratory rate, stress signs and feeding method. Comparison between groups was made by Student’s t-test, Mann Whitney test and chi-square test, being significant p<0.05. Results: The two groups did not present significant differences in relation to the feeding method and energy consumption (p=0.46); however, weight gain was greater in the Experimental Group (p=0.002), which also presented better stability in cardiac and respiratory rates (p<0.001) and a significant reduction of stress signs (p=0.007), compared with the Control Group. Conclusions: The recorded music with multimodal stimulation is associated with a greater gain in body weight of hospitalized preterm infants as well as presents a positive influence on vital and stress signs (Clinical Trials Registry - UTN: U1111-1153-9301).

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la música grabada con estimulación modal sobre la ganancia de peso en prematuros incluidos en el Programa Madre-Canguro. Métodos: Ensayo clínico randomizado con 61 prematuros, de ambos sexos, con edad postconcepcional superior o igual a 32 semanas, mínimo de 10 días de vida, sistema visual y auditivos sin alteraciones detectadas y hospitalizados en la Unidad Madre-Canguro. La muestra fue randomizada por sorteo en dos grupos, con 31 prematuros sometidos a la estimulación multimodal con música, diariamente, durante siete días, comparados con 30 prematuros que recibieron solamente estimulación multimodal. Se evaluaron las características de los prematuros, además de ganancia de peso, consumo energético, frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria, señales de estrés y forma de alimentación. La comparación entre los grupos fue realizada por las pruebas t de Student, Mann Whitney y chi-cuadrado, conforme a la naturaleza de las variables, siendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Los grupos no mostraron diferencia significante respecto a la forma de alimentación y al consumo energético (p=0,46), pero la ganancia de peso fue mayor en el Grupo Experimental (p=0,002), que también presentó la estabilidad mayor de las frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria (p<0,01) y reducción de las señales de estrés (p=0,007) significantes respecto al Grupo Control. Conclusiones: La música grabada asociada a la estimulación multimodal es eficaz para mayor ganancia de peso corporal de prematuros hospitalizados y tiene influencia positiva sobre las señales vitales y de estrés.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da música gravada com estimulação multimodal sobre o ganho de peso de prematuros incluídos no Programa Mãe-Canguru. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com 61 prematuros, de ambos os sexos, com idade pós-concepcional maior ou igual a 32 semanas, mínimo de dez dias de vida, sistema visual e auditivos sem alterações detectadas e hospitalizados na Unidade Mãe-Canguru. A amostra foi randomizada por sorteio em dois grupos, com 31 prematuros submetidos à estimulação multimodal com música diariamente, durante sete dias, comparados com 30 prematuros que receberam apenas estimulação multimodal. Foram avaliadas as características dos prematuros, além de ganho de peso, consumo energético, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, sinais de estresse e forma de alimentação. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada pelos testes t de Student, Mann Whitney e qui-quadrado, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Os grupos não mostraram diferença significante em relação à forma de alimentação e ao consumo energético (p=0,46), porém o ganho de peso foi maior no Grupo Experimental (p=0,002), que também apresentou maior estabilidade das frequências cardíaca e respiratória (p<0,001) e redução dos sinais de estresse (p=0,007), comparado ao Grupo Controle. Conclusões: A música associada à estimulação multimodal é eficaz para maior ganho de peso corporal de prematuros hospitalizados e tem influência positiva sobre os sinais vitais e de estresse (Registro de Ensaios Clínicos - UTN: U1111-1153-9301).

Effects of soy beverage and soy-based formula on growth, weight, and fecal moisture: experimental study in rats / Efeitos de bebida e de fórmula de soja no crescimento, peso e umidade fecal: estudo experimental em ratos

OBJECTIVE: To compare body growth, weight, and fecal moisture in recently weaned rats fed exclusively on infant soy formula and soy-based beverage. METHODS: Three similar groups were formed (n = 10/group) consisting of weanling Wistar rats, maintained in metabolic cages. One group was fed soy protein-based beverage, another with soy-based infant formula, and another with cow's milk infant formula (control group). Water and diet were offered ad libitum. Body weight and length were measured. Stool was collected for three consecutive days. RESULTS: Weight and length were lower (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) in the groups receiving soy protein-based beverage (73.16 ± 5.74 g; 23.94 ± 1.04 cm) and soy-based formula (71.11 ± 5.84 g; 24.74 ± 0.60 cm) in relation to the group receiving cow's milk formula (84.88 ± 9.75 g; 26.01 ± 0.91 cm). Fresh fecal weight was greater (p < 0.001) in the soy-based beverage (3.44 ± 0.48 g) than in the soy-based formula (0.79 ± 0.20 g) and cow's milk-based formula (0.42 ± 0.17 g). Fecal moisture was higher (p < 0.001) in the group receiving soy protein-based beverage (47.28 ± 9.02%) and soy-based formula (37.21 ± 13.20%) than in the group receiving cow's milk formula (22.71 ± 10.86%). CONCLUSION: The growth of rats fed soy protein-based beverage and soy-based formula was lower than those fed cow's milk-based formula. The soy protein-based beverage resulted in significant increase in fecal weight and moisture. .

OBJETIVO: Comparar o crescimento corporal, o peso e a umidade das fezes de ratos recém-desmamados alimentados exclusivamente com fórmula infantil de soja e com bebida de extrato de soja. MÉTODOS: Constituíram-se três grupos similares (n = 10/grupo) de ratos machos Wistar recém-desmamados, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. Um grupo foi alimentado com bebida de extrato de soja, outro com fórmula infantil de soja e o outro com fórmula infantil de leite de vaca (grupo controle). Água e dieta foram oferecidas ad libitum. Foram mensurados o peso e o comprimento corporal. Fezes foram coletadas durante três dias consecutivos. RESULTADOS: Peso e comprimento foram menores (p = 0,001; p = 0,001) nos grupos com bebida de extrato de soja (73,16 ± 5,74 g; 23,94 ± 1,04 cm) e fórmula infantil de soja (71,11 ± 5,84 g; 24,74 ± 0,60 cm) em relação ao grupo de fórmula infantil de leite de vaca (84,88 ± 9,75 g; 26,01 ± 0,91 cm). O peso fresco fecal foi maior (p < 0,001) na bebida de extrato de soja (3,44 ± 0,48 g) do que com as fórmulas infantis de soja (0,79 ± 0,20 g) e de leite de vaca (0,42 ± 0,17 g). A umidade fecal foi maior (p < 0,001) na bebida de extrato de soja (47,28 ± 9,02%) e fórmula infantil de soja (37,21 ± 13,20%) do que na fórmula infantil de leite de vaca (22,71 ± 10,86%). CONCLUSÃO: O crescimento de ratos alimentados com bebida de soja e fórmula infantil de soja foi menor do que os alimentados com fórmula com proteína do leite de vaca. A bebida à base de extrato de soja proporcionou aumento expressivo do peso e da umidade fecal. .

Effects of programmed physical activity on body composition in post-pubertal schoolchildren / Efeito da atividade física programada sobre a composição corporal em escolares pós-púberes

OBJECTIVE: To assess body composition modifications in post-pubertal schoolchildren after practice of a physical activity program during one school year. METHODS: The sample consisted of 386 students aged between 15 and 17 years and divided into two groups: the study group (SG) comprised 195 students and the control group (CG), 191. The SG was submitted to a physical activity program and the CG attended conventional physical education classes. Body composition was assessed using body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), and lean mass (LM). RESULTS: A positive effect of the physical activity program on body composition in the SG (p < 0.001) was observed, as well as on the interaction time x group in all the variables analyzed in both genders. A reduction in %BF (mean of differences = -5.58%) and waist circumference (-2.33 cm), as well as an increase in LM (+2.05 kg) were observed in the SG for both genders, whereas the opposite was observed in the CG. CONCLUSION: The practice of programmed physical activity promotes significant reduction of body fat in post-pubertal schoolchildren. .

OBJETIVO: Verificar as modificações da composição corporal de escolares pós-púberes após a prática da atividade física programada durante um ano letivo. MÉTODO: Amostra composta de 386 alunos, divididos em dois grupos: estudo 195 e controle 191, entre 15 e 17 anos. O grupo estudo (GE) foi submetido a atividade física programada e o grupo controle (GC) a aulas convencionais de educação física. A composição corporal foi avaliada pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura (%G) e massa gorda (MG) e magra (MM). RESULTADOS: Foi possível observar um efeito positivo do programa de atividade física sobre a composição corporal no GE (p < 0,001) do grupo e da interação tempo x grupo em todas as variáveis analisadas em ambos os sexos. Foram observados reduções na %G (média das diferenças = -5,58%) e no perímetro da cintura (-2,33 cm) e aumento da MM (+2,05 kg) no GE em ambos os sexos. O contrário foi observado no GC. CONCLUSÃO: A prática de atividade física programada promove redução significativa de gordura corporal em escolares pós-púberes. .

Effects of prebiotic supplementation on the expression of proteins regulating iron absorption in anaemic growing rats.

Prebiotics may increase intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic growing rats. The present study evaluated the effects of high-performance (HP) inulin and oligofructose on factors that regulate Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase. Male Wistar rats aged 21 d of age were fed AIN-93G ration without Fe for 2 weeks to induce Fe-deficiency anaemia. The rats were fed on day 35 a control diet, or a diet with 10 % HP inulin, or a diet with 10 % oligofructose, without Fe supplementation. The animals were euthanised after 2 weeks, and segments of the duodenum, caecum, colon and liver were removed. The expression levels of proteins in the intestinal segments were assessed using Western blotting. The levels of serum, urine and liver hepcidin and the concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in the caecum, colon and liver were measured using the ELISA test. HP inulin increased the expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 protein in the caecum by 162 % (P= 0·04), and the expression of duodenal cytochrome b reductase in the colon by 136 % (P= 0·02). Oligofructose decreased the expression of the protein ferroportin in the duodenum (P= 0·02), the concentrations of IL-10 (P= 0·044), IL-6 (P= 0·036) and TNF-α (P= 0·004) in the caecum, as well as the level of urinary hepcidin (P< 0·001). These results indicate that prebiotics may interfere with the expression of various intestinal proteins and systemic factors involved in the regulation of intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase.

Effects of soy beverage and soy-based formula on growth, weight, and fecal moisture: experimental study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To compare body growth, weight, and fecal moisture in recently weaned rats fed exclusively on infant soy formula and soy-based beverage. METHODS: Three similar groups were formed (n=10/group) consisting of weanling Wistar rats, maintained in metabolic cages. One group was fed soy protein-based beverage, another with soy-based infant formula, and another with cow's milk infant formula (control group). Water and diet were offered ad libitum. Body weight and length were measured. Stool was collected for three consecutive days. RESULTS: Weight and length were lower (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) in the groups receiving soy protein-based beverage (73.16 ± 5.74 g; 23.94 ± 1.04 cm) and soy-based formula (71.11 ± 5.84 g; 24.74 ± 0.60 cm) in relation to the group receiving cow's milk formula (84.88 ± 9.75 g; 26.01 ± 0.91 cm). Fresh fecal weight was greater (p < 0.001) in the soy-based beverage (3.44 ± 0.48 g) than in the soy-based formula (0.79 ± 0.20 g) and cow's milk-based formula (0.42 ± 0.17 g). Fecal moisture was higher (p < 0.001) in the group receiving soy protein-based beverage (47.28 ± 9.02%) and soy-based formula (37.21 ± 13.20%) than in the group receiving cow's milk formula (22.71 ± 10.86%). CONCLUSION: The growth of rats fed soy protein-based beverage and soy-based formula was lower than those fed cow's milk-based formula. The soy protein-based beverage resulted in significant increase in fecal weight and moisture.

Effects of programmed physical activity on body composition in post-pubertal schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: To assess body composition modifications in post-pubertal schoolchildren after practice of a physical activity program during one school year. METHODS: The sample consisted of 386 students aged between 15 and 17 years and divided into two groups: the study group (SG) comprised 195 students and the control group (CG), 191. The SG was submitted to a physical activity program and the CG attended conventional physical education classes. Body composition was assessed using body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), and lean mass (LM). RESULTS: A positive effect of the physical activity program on body composition in the SG (p<0.001) was observed, as well as on the interaction time x group in all the variables analyzed in both genders. A reduction in %BF (mean of differences = -5.58%) and waist circumference (-2.33 cm), as well as an increase in LM (+2.05 kg) were observed in the SG for both genders, whereas the opposite was observed in the CG. CONCLUSION: The practice of programmed physical activity promotes significant reduction of body fat in post-pubertal schoolchildren.

Molecular analysis and association with clinical and laboratory manifestations in children with sickle cell anemia.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the frequency of ß(S)-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia, and their influence on clinical manifestations and the hematological profile of children with sickle cell anemia. METHOD: The frequency of ß(S)-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia and any association with clinical and laboratorial manifestations were determined in 117 sickle cell anemia children aged 3-71 months. The confirmation of hemoglobin SS and determination of the haplotypes were achieved by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and alpha-thalassemia genotyping was by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (single-tube multiplex-polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS: The genotype distribution of haplotypes was 43 (36.7%) Central African Republic/Benin, 41 (35.0%) Central African Republic/Central African Republic, 20 (17.0%) Rare/atypical, and 13 (11.1%) Benin/Benin. The frequency of the α3.7 deletion was 1.71% as homozygous (-α3.7/-α3.7) and 11.9% as heterozygous (-α3.7/αα). The only significant association in respect to haplotypes was related to the mean corpuscular volume. The presence of alpha-thalassemia was significantly associated to decreases in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and reticulocyte count and to an increase in the red blood cell count. There were no significant associations of ß(S)-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia with clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, the frequency of alpha-thalassemia was similar to published data in Brazil with the Central African Republic haplotype being the most common, followed by the Benin haplotype. ß(S)-globin haplotypes and interaction between alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia did not influence fetal hemoglobin concentrations or the number of clinical manifestations.

Molecular analysis and association with clinical and laboratory manifestations in children with sickle cell anemia

Objectives: To analyze the frequency of βS-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia, and their influence on clinical manifestations and the hematological profile of children with sickle cell anemia. Method: The frequency of βS-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia and any association with clinical and laboratorial manifestations were determined in 117 sickle cell anemia children aged 3–71 months. The confirmation of hemoglobin SS and determination of the haplotypes were achieved by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and alpha-thalassemia genotyping was by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (single-tube multiplex-polymerase chain reaction). Results: The genotype distribution of haplotypes was 43 (36.7%) Central African Republic/Benin, 41 (35.0%) Central African Republic/Central African Republic, 20 (17.0%) Rare/atypical, and 13 (11.1%) Benin/Benin. The frequency of the α3.7 deletion was 1.71% as homozygous (−α3.7/−α3.7) and 11.9% as heterozygous (−α3.7/αα). The only significant association in respect to haplotypes was related to the mean corpuscular volume. The presence of alpha-thalassemia was significantly associated to decreases in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and reticulocyte count and to an increase in the red blood cell count. There were no significant associations of βS-globin haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia with clinical manifestations. Conclusions: In the study population, the frequency of alpha-thalassemia was similar to published data in Brazil with the Central African Republic haplotype being the most common, followed by the Benin haplotype. βS-globin haplotypes and interaction between alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia did not influence fetal hemoglobin concentrations or the number of clinical manifestations...

Assessment of antioxidants status and superoxide dismutase activity in HIV-infected children

Objective: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of selenium, copper and zinc; and also the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of HIV-infected children compared to a control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with prepubertal HIV-infected children (n = 51) and their healthy siblings (n = 32). All biochemical measurements including plasma selenium, serum copper levels, serum and erythrocyte zinc levels and erythrocyte super-oxide dismutase activity were evaluated according to dietary, clinical and biochemical parameters. Results: Compared to the control group, the HIV-infected children had lower z-score values for height-for-age (p = 0.0006), higher prevalence of stunting (11.8%) (p = 0.047), lower selenium levels (p = 0.0006) and higher copper levels (p = 0.019). No difference was found concerning superoxide dismutase activity (p > 0.05). The HIV-infected group presented a higher proportion (45.1%) of children with zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement (p = 0.014); however, no association with zinc biochemical parameters was found. Conclusion: HIV-infected children have an inadequate selenium and copper nutritional status, which could influence the progression to AIDS. An adequate micronutrient status could improve the clinical conditions in these patients and minimize free radical production and cellular oxidative stress. .

Assessment of antioxidants status and superoxide dismutase activity in HIV-infected children.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of selenium, copper and zinc; and also the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of HIV-infected children compared to a control group. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with prepubertal HIV-infected children (n=51) and their healthy siblings (n=32). All biochemical measurements including plasma selenium, serum copper levels, serum and erythrocyte zinc levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated according to dietary, clinical and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the HIV-infected children had lower z-score values for height-for-age (p=0.0006), higher prevalence of stunting (11.8%) (p=0.047), lower selenium levels (p=0.0006) and higher copper levels (p=0.019). No difference was found concerning superoxide dismutase activity (p>0.05). The HIV-infected group presented a higher proportion (45.1%) of children with zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement (p=0.014); however, no association with zinc biochemical parameters was found. CONCLUSION: HIV-infected children have an inadequate selenium and copper nutritional status, which could influence the progression to AIDS. An adequate micronutrient status could improve the clinical conditions in these patients and minimize free radical production and cellular oxidative stress.

Production of extracellular matrix proteins by human pulp fibroblasts in contact with papacárie and carisolv.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of two products for the chemomecanical removal of carious tissue (Papacárie and Carisolv) on human dental pulp fibroblasts and the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts were divided into three groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (Papacárie) and group 3 (Carisolv). Collagen I, III , fibronectin and osteonectin were analysed by immunofluorescence and compared among the groups. RESULTS: The groups exhibited similar immunolabeling for vimentin, type I collagen and fibronectin, but were negative for type III collagen. Osteonectin staining was strongly positive in the cells treated with Papacárie and Carisolv and weakly positive in the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study showed that Papacárie and Carisolv are not cytotoxic to pulp fibroblast cells. Moreover, these products stimulate fibroblasts to produce osteonectin, likely leading to the formation of dentin matrix. These findings confirm the safe, beneficial use of both gels in minimally invasive techniques.

Food pattern and nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVES To assess the food intake pattern and the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 90 children from two to 12.8 years with cerebral palsy in the following forms: hemiplegia, diplegia, and tetraplegia. Nutritional status was assessed by weight, height, and age data. Food intake was verified by the 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The ability to chew and/or swallowing, intestinal habits, and physical activity were also evaluated. RESULTS For 2-3 year-old age group, the mean energy intake followed the recommended range; in 4-6 year-old age group with hemiplegia and tetraplegia, energy intake was below the recommended limits. All children presented low intake of carbohydrates, adequate intake of proteins and high intake of lipids. The tetraplegia group had a higher prevalence of chewing (41%) and swallowing (12.8%) difficulties compared to 14.5 and 6.6% of children with hemiplegia, respectively. Most children of all groups had a daily intestinal habit. All children presented mild physical activity, while moderate activity was not practiced by any child of the tetraplegia group, which had a significantly lower height/age Z score than those with hemiplegia (-2.14 versus -1.05; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The children with cerebral palsy presented inadequate dietary pattern and impaired nutritional status, with special compromise of height. Tetraplegia imposes difficulties regarding chewing/swallowing and moderate physical activity practice.

Food pattern and nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy / Estandar alimentar y estado nutricional de ninos con paralisis cerebral / Padrao alimentar e estado nutricional de criancas com paralisia cerebral

OBJECTIVES To assess the food intake pattern and the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 90 children from two to 12.8 years with cerebral palsy in the following forms: hemiplegia, diplegia, and tetraplegia. Nutritional status was assessed by weight, height, and age data. Food intake was verified by the 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The ability to chew and/or swallowing, intestinal habits, and physical activity were also evaluated. RESULTS For 2-3 year-old age group, the mean energy intake followed the recommended range; in 4-6 year-old age group with hemiplegia and tetraplegia, energy intake was below the recommended limits. All children presented low intake of carbohydrates, adequate intake of proteins and high intake of lipids. The tetraplegia group had a higher prevalence of chewing (41%) and swallowing (12.8%) difficulties compared to 14.5 and 6.6% of children with hemiplegia, respectively. Most children of all groups had a daily intestinal habit. All children presented mild physical activity, while moderate activity was not practiced by any child of the tetraplegia group, which had a significantly lower height/age Z score than those with hemiplegia (-2.14 versus -1.05; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The children with cerebral palsy presented inadequate dietary pattern and impaired nutritional status, with special compromise of height. Tetraplegia imposes difficulties regarding chewing/swallowing and moderate physical activity practice. .

OBJETIVO Evaluar el estándar alimentar y estado nutricional de niños con parálisis cerebral. MÉTODOS Estudio transversal con 90 niños de 2 a 12,8 años de edad, con parálisis cerebral de tipo hemiplejía, diplejía y tetraplejía. Se evaluaron el estado nutricional por medio de los datos de peso, altura y edad, el consumo alimentar por el Recordatorio de 24 horas y por el Cuestionario de Frecuencia Alimentar, la capacidad de masticar y/o deglutir, el hábito intestinal y la práctica de actividad física. RESULTADOS En el grupo de 2 a 3 años, el promedio de ingestión energética estaba conforme a la recomendación; en la franja de 4 a 6 años, los grupos con hemiplejía y con tetraplejía presentaban promedios inferiores al límite inferior de recomendación. El grupo como un todo presentó estándar dietético bajo en carbohidratos, adecuado en proteínas y alto en lípidos. El grupo con tetraplejía presentó mayor prevalencia de dificultad para masticación (41%) y deglución (12,8%), versus, respectivamente, 14,5 y 6,6% de los niños con hemiplejía. Se observó que la mayoría de los niños con cada tipo de parálisis cerebral presentaba hábito intestinal diario. Todos los niños estudiados tenían actividad física liviana, mientras que la actividad moderada no era practicada por ningún niño del grupo tetraplejía, que también presentó escore Z de -2,14 de la relación estatura/edad, significantemente menor respecto al grupo con hemiplejía (escore Z de -1,05; p=0,003). CONCLUSIONES Los niños presentaron estándar alimentar inadecuado, estado nutricional comprometido, principalmente la estatura. La tetraplejía impone dificultades de masticación/deglución y práctica de actividad física ...

OBJETIVO Avaliar o padrão alimentar e o estado nutricional de crianças com paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com 90 crianças de dois a 12,8 anos de idade, com paralisia cerebral do tipo hemiplegia, diplegia e tetraplegia. Avaliaram-se o estado nutricional por meio dos dados de peso, altura e idade, o consumo alimentar pelo Recordatório de 24 horas e pelo Questionário de Frequência Alimentar, a capacidade de mastigar e/ou deglutir, o hábito intestinal e a prática de atividade física. RESULTADOS No grupo de dois a três anos, a média de ingestão energética estava de acordo com a recomendação; na faixa de quatro a seis anos, os grupos com hemiplegia e com tetraplegia apresentaram médias abaixo do limite inferior da recomendação. O grupo como um todo apresentou padrão dietético baixo em carboidratos, adequado em proteína e alto em lipídios. O grupo com tetraplegia apresentou maior prevalência de dificuldade para mastigação (41%) e para deglutição (12,8%) versus, respectivamente, 14,5 e 6,6% das crianças com hemiplegia. Observou-se que a maioria das crianças com cada tipo de paralisia cerebral apresentava hábito intestinal diário. Todas as crianças estudadas tinham atividade física leve, enquanto a atividade moderada não era praticada por nenhuma criança do grupo com tetraplegia, que também apresentou escore Z de -2,14 da relação estatura/idade, significantemente menor em relação ao grupo com hemiplegia (escore Z de -1,05; p=0,003). CONCLUSÕES As crianças apresentaram padrão alimentar inadequado, estado nutricional comprometido, o que afetou principalmente a estatura. A tetraplegia impõe dificuldade de mastigação/deglutição e da prática de atividade física moderada. .