ABSTRACT
Objective: To verify the dental age of individuals with Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 200 panoramic radiographs of schoolchildren from the city of Fortaleza in the state of Ceará, in the northeast of Brazil. These radiographs were divided into two groups (N=100): a Control group comprising radiographs of patients with normal occlusion and a CIID2 group comprising radiographs of patients with an Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion. The Demirjian method was used to identify dental age. All the radiographs were evaluated by a sole duly trained and calibrated technician. The Kappa coefficient for inter-annotator agreement was 0.98 based on the criteria of eruption stage of each tooth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test, Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between the dental ages of the groups tested. The CIID2 group had a lower dental age than the control group, signifying late eruption in patients with an Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Conclusion: Patients with an Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion had a lower dental age than patients with normal occlusion, suggesting that orthodontic treatment should be delayed. The first molars, second pre-molars and canines suffered late eruption.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tooth Eruption , Radiography, Panoramic/methods , Dental Occlusion , Growth and Development , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/diagnosis , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Introdução: A microcefalia em um nascido vivo é definida como uma anomalia em que perímetro cefálico (PC) está abaixo do padrão de curvas apropriadas para idade e gênero. A etiologia pode envolver anormalidades genéticas, síndromes, distúrbios metabólicos, teratógenos, infecções pré-natal, perinatal e pós-natal. Porém, essa malformação tornouse muito mais prevalente com o surto recente do vírus Zika. Objetivos: Estudar o padrão de oclusão em bebês com microcefalia associada ao vírus Zika (MZV). Metodologia: O artigo 1 foi um estudo transversal que incluiu pacientes com diagnóstico de MZV (40) entre 30 e 36 meses e um grupo controle com bebês saudáveis (40), aleatoriamente selecionadas com as mesmas características sociodemográficas. A análise estatística utilizou análise descritiva, o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e a regressão logística multivariada. O artigo 2 foi um relato de casos clínicos com infecção no segundo trimestre da gestação. O artigo 3 foi um relato de casos clínicos com infecção no primeiro trimestre da gestação. Resultados: Foi demonstrado uma prevalência significativamente maior de maloclusões em bebês MZV em comparação ao grupo controle (artigo 1). Pacientes com MZV possuíram maior probabilidade de apresentar irrupção tardia (p < 0,001), formato da arcada superior e inferior atrésico (p < 0,001), overjet acentuado (p < 0,001) e mordida cruzada posterior (p= 0,004) (artigo 1). Também foi demostrado ocorrência de irrupção tardia, hipodontia, tendência a crescimento vertical, perfil convexo, comprometimento do tônus muscular, incompetência de selamento labial, mordida aberta e desvio de linha média (artigos 2 e 3). Conclusões: Conclui-se que existe uma maior probabilidade de irrupção tardia e prevalência maior de maloclusões em bebês MZV, dentre elas o formato da arcada superior e inferior atrésico, overjet acentuado e mordida cruzada posterior. Comprometimento muscular também foi encontrado. Além disso, o período de infecção pelo vírus parece determinar a gravidade das características encontradas (AU).
Introduction: Microcephaly in a live birth is defined as an anomaly in which head circumference (HC) is below the standard for age and gender appropriate curves. The etiology may involve genetic abnormalities, syndromes, metabolic disorders, teratogens, prenatal, perinatal and postnatal infections. However, this malformation has become much more prevalent with the recent emergence of the Zika virus. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion among infants with Zika virus-associated microcephaly (MZV) and to describe the most common malocclusion characteristics in this population (Article 1); to identify differences in univiteline twins with and without Zika virus-associated microcephaly infection during the second trimester of gestation (Article 2); to describe the dentoskeletal changes in two infants who were infected with the Zika virus during the first trimester of gestation (Article 3). Method: Article 1 was a cross-sectional study which included patients diagnosed with MZV (40) between 30 and 36 months and a comparison group with healthy babies (40), randomly selected with the same sociodemographic characteristics. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression. Articles 2 and 3 are case reports, one with infection in the second trimester of pregnancy and another in the first, respectively. Results: In article 1, a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusions in MZV infants was demonstrated in comparison to the control group (p<0.001). Patients with MZV were more likely to have late eruption (p<0.001), atresic upper and lower arch (p<0.001), marked overjet (p<0.001), and posterior crossbite (p=0.004). In article 2, muscular impairment was the most striking feature for the twin with microcephaly. In article 3, late eruption, hypodontia, tendency to vertical growth, convex profile, muscle tone impairment, incompetence to seal the lips, open bite, midline deviation and atresic arches were demonstrated. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a greater probability of late eruption and higher prevalence of malocclusions in MZV infants, with atresic upper and lower arch, overjet and posterior crossbite among them (Article 1). In addition, the infection period of the virus seems to determine the severity of the characteristics found: less occurrence of dental problems and maintenance of neuromuscular changes can be determined when in the second trimester (Article 2); but when infection occurs in the first trimester, dento-skeletal impairment is greater along with the associated functional alterations (Article 3) (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Dentition , Zika Virus , Malocclusion , Microcephaly/etiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Multivariate AnalysisABSTRACT
Tratamentos ortodônticos são realizados na expectativa de melhorar a aparência e função mastigatória dos indivíduos e geralmente são indicados por meio de critérios clínicos, não levando, algumas vezes, em consideração a percepção do indivíduo. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação entre as necessidades ortodônticas tecnicamente definidas (critérios normativos) e a satisfação com a aparência, mastigação e necessidade de tratamento percebida em um grupo de adolescentes. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 215 alunos entre 15 e 19 anos foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRN). Questionário na forma de entrevista estruturada foi aplicado aos indivíduos com perguntas a respeito da satisfação com a aparência, satisfação com a mastigação e percepção quanto à necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. Um único examinador, treinado e calibrado, coletou os dados normativos de necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico através de critérios estabelecidos pelo Índice Dental Estético (DAI). Os resultados demostram que existe associação significativa entre o escore do DAI e a percepção do participante quanto à necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico (p < 0,001), satisfação com a aparência (p = 0,003) e satisfação com a mastigação (p = 0,047). Os alunos que possuíam necessidade normativa de tratamento se perceberam mais com problemas. Quando as características oclusais foram analisadas separadamente, uma maior quantidade de problemas estava associada à necessidade percebida pelo paciente e à satisfação com a aparência, dentre eles o apinhamento, a irregularidade da maxila, a irregularidade da mandíbula e o trespasse maxilar acentuado (p< 0,05). Na análise com a satisfação com a mastigação, foi encontrada associação apenas com a mordida aberta (p= 0,003). Esses achados demostram uma tendência dos indivíduos de relacionar os problemas oclusais mais à estética, tornando esse aspecto bastante relevante ao tratamento ortodôntico. (AU)
Orthodontic treatments are performed in the expectation of improving the appearance and masticatory function of individuals, and are usually indicated by clinical criteria, not taking into account the individual's perception. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic needs technically defined (normative criteria) and satisfaction regarding appearance, satisfaction regarding mastication and perceived need for treatment in a group of teenagers. A cross-sectional study with 215 students aged between 15 and 19 years was held at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRN). A questionnaire in the form of a structured interview was applied, with questions about satisfaction with appearance, satisfaction with mastication and perception of the need for orthodontic treatment. A single examiner who was trained and calibrated collected the normative data of need for orthodontic treatment via criteria established by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The results demonstrated a significant association between the DAI score and a patient's perception of the need for orthodontic treatment (p <0.001), satisfaction regarding appearance (p= 0.003) and satisfaction regarding mastication (p= 0.047). It was more common for students who had a normative need for treatment to perceive problems in themselves. When the occlusal characteristics were analyzed separately, a larger amount of problems was associated to the perceived need by the patient and to satisfaction regarding appearance, including dental crowding, irregularity of the maxilla, irregularity of the jaw and overjet (p <0, 05). In the analysis of satisfaction with mastication, it was only found association with the open bite (p = 0.003). These findings demonstrate a tendency of individuals to relate occlusal problems more to aesthetics, making this aspect essential to orthodontic treatment. (AU)
